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Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils . [1] This includes the study of body fossils, tracks ( ichnites ), burrows , cast-off parts, fossilised feces ( coprolites ), palynomorphs and chemical residues . Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science . This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1861.
| Taxon | Novelty | Status | Author(s) | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gen. et. comb. nov. | Valid | Oppel | An axiid, type species is E. longimana, initially described as Magila longimana in 1839. | |||||
Gen. et. comb. nov. | Valid | Oppel | A stenochirid, type species is P. pustulosus, initially described as Bolina pustulosa in 1839. | |
| Taxon | Novelty | Status | Author(s) | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Archaeopteryx lithographica [3] | Gen. et sp. nov. | Valid | Meyer | Kimmeridgian | Solnhofen Limestone |  Germany | Early bird, only known from a single flight feather. [3] |  |
| Echinodon becklesii [4] | Gen. et sp. nov. | Valid | Owen | Berriasian | Purbeck Beds |  UK | Known from multiple jaw and tooth fossils, originally interpreted as a lacertilian. [4] [5] | |
| Teratosaurus suevicus | Gen. et sp. nov. | Valid | von Meyer | Norian | Löwenstein Formation | Germany | Originally interpreted as an early dinosaur, now an early pseudosuchian. | |
| Taxon | Novelty | Status | Author(s) | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Scaphognathus [6] | Gen. nov. | Valid | Wagner | Kimmeridgian | Solnhofen limestone | Germany | A new genus for Pterodactylus crassirostris Goldfuss, 1831 |  |
Friedrich Hermann Loew was a German entomologist who specialised in the study of Diptera, an order of insects including flies, mosquitoes, gnats and midges. He described many world species and was the first specialist to work on the Diptera of the United States.
Scaphognathus was a pterosaur that lived around Germany during the Late Jurassic. It had a wingspan of 0.9 m (3 ft).
Eduard von Martens also known as Carl or Karl Eduard von Martens, was a German zoologist.
Oswald Duda, full name Pavel Theodor Friedrich Oswald Duda was a German entomologist mainly interested in Diptera.
Paul Stein (1852–1921) was a German museum curator and entomologist. He specialised in Diptera especially the family Anthomyiidae. In this group he studied the world fauna describing many new genera and species.
Dorygnathus was a genus of rhamphorhynchid pterosaur that lived in Europe during the Early Jurassic period, when shallow seas flooded much of the continent. It had a short wingspan around 1.5 meters, and a relatively small triangular sternum, which is where its flight muscles attached. Its skull was long and its eye sockets were the largest opening therein. Large curved fangs that "intermeshed" when the jaws closed featured prominently at the front of the snout while smaller, straighter teeth lined the back.
Hermann Schaaffhausen was a German anatomist, anthropologist, and paleoanthropologist.
The Acartophthalmidae are a family of very small (1.0-2.5 mm), dark flies with pubescent arista and having ocelli, placed in the order Diptera. All are Holarctic in distribution. Two fossil species are known, with uncertain placement.
Marstoniopsis insubrica is a species of small freshwater snail in the family Amnicolidae. It is widespread but patchily distributed in Europe. Although not considered endangered as a species, it is generally rare and locally threatened through much of its range; in Switzerland it is considered extinct.
Carl Ludwig Kirschbaum was a German entomologist, Professor of Biology and Museum Director of Museum Wiesbaden. Kirschbaum specialised in Auchenorrhyncha. He wrote Die Cicadinen der Gegend von Wiesbaden und Frankfurt a. M. nebst einer Anzahl neuer oder schwer zu unterscheidender Arten aus anderen Gegenden Europas and many other entomological works.
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1860.
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1847.
Halydaia is a genus of flies in the family Tachinidae.
Nikolay Ilyich Baranov was a Russian entomologist who specialised in Diptera. His collection of Palearctic Tachinidae is held by the Smithsonian Institution Washington D.C. Baranov described many new species. He worked as an entomologist at the Institute of Hygiene in Zagreb.
Adolph Schenck was a German entomologist and teacher.
Tephritini is a tribe of fruit flies in the family Tephritidae. There are about 80 genera and some 1000 described species in Tephritini.
Aenigmatias is a genus of flies in the family Phoridae.
Baranomys kowalskii is extinct species of rodent, from the Baranomys genus of the Baranomyinae subfamily, of the Cricetidae family. It lived in Europe during Pliocene epoch, 15 million years ago, being one of the oldest known members of Baranomys family. It was an ancestor of modern Arvicolinae. The animal had been described by Miklós Kretzoi in 1959, who based his research on the fossils found near Podlesice village in Poland. It was named after a paleontologist and zoologist Kazimierz Kowalski.
Stenochiridae is a family of fossil decapod crustaceans which lived from the early Jurassic to late Cretaceous periods. It is the only family in the superfamily Stenochiroidea. Fossils of stenochirids are known from Europe, Japan, Chile and Australia.
Stenochirus is an extinct genus of decapod crustaceans that lived from the Callovian to Tithonian stages of the Jurassic period. Its fossils have been found in Germany and France.
