1859 in science

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The year 1859 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

Contents

Archaeology

Astronomy

Biology

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Chemistry

Climatology

Geography

Mathematics

Medicine

Technology

Physics

Awards

Births

Deaths

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gustav Kirchhoff</span> German physicist (1824–1887)

Gustav Robert Kirchhoff was a German physicist and mathematician who contributed to the fundamental understanding of electrical circuits, spectroscopy, and the emission of black-body radiation by heated objects.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">John Herschel</span> English polymath (1792–1871)

Sir John Frederick William Herschel, 1st Baronet was an English polymath active as a mathematician, astronomer, chemist, inventor and experimental photographer who invented the blueprint and did botanical work.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">William Hyde Wollaston</span> English chemist and physicist (1766–1828)

William Hyde Wollaston was an English chemist and physicist who is famous for discovering the chemical elements palladium and rhodium. He also developed a way to process platinum ore into malleable ingots.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fraunhofer lines</span> Spectral lines in the Suns spectrum

The Fraunhofer lines are a set of spectral absorption lines. They are dark absorption lines, seen in the optical spectrum of the Sun, and are formed when atoms in the solar atmosphere absorb light being emitted by the solar photosphere. The lines are named after German physicist Joseph von Fraunhofer, who observed them in 1814.

The year 1821 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

The year 1802 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

The year 1860 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

The year 1858 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

The year 1854 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1843 in science</span> Overview of the events of 1843 in science

The year 1843 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

The year 1789 in science and technology involved some significant events.

The year 1723 in science and technology involved some significant events.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Peter Woulfe</span> Irish chemist

Peter Woulfe (1727–1803) was an Anglo-Irish chemist and mineralogist. He first had the idea that wolframite might contain a previously undiscovered element (tungsten).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pinacol rearrangement</span> Rearrangement of compound by charge rearrangement.

The pinacol–pinacolone rearrangement is a method for converting a 1,2-diol to a carbonyl compound in organic chemistry. The 1,2-rearrangement takes place under acidic conditions. The name of the rearrangement reaction comes from the rearrangement of pinacol to pinacolone.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lord Morton's mare</span> Equid hybrid notable in the history of evolutionary theory

Lord Morton’s mare was an equid hybrid and once an often-noticed example in the history of evolutionary theory.

Events from the year 1802 in the United Kingdom.

The Catalogue of Nebulae and Clusters of Stars (CN) is an astronomical catalogue of nebulae first published in 1786 by William Herschel, with the assistance of his sister Caroline Herschel. It was later expanded into the General Catalogue of Nebulae and Clusters of Stars (GC) by his son, John Herschel, in 1864. The CN and GC are the precursors to John Louis Emil Dreyer's New General Catalogue (NGC), compiled in 1888 and used by current astronomers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Frederick Evans (hydrographer)</span> Officer of the Royal Navy and hydrographer

Sir Frederick John Owen Evans, was an officer of the Royal Navy. He became a distinguished hydrographer during his career and served as Hydrographer of the Navy.

Sir Arthur Herbert Church was a British chemist, expert on pottery, stones and chemistry of paintings, who discovered turacin in 1869 and several minerals, including the only British cerium mineral. He was also a talented artist and worked as a professor of chemistry at the Agricultural College in Cirencester and then at the Royal Academy of Arts. He wrote extensively on aspects of chemistry in agriculture, art, and daily life.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">History of spectroscopy</span>

Modern spectroscopy in the Western world started in the 17th century. New designs in optics, specifically prisms, enabled systematic observations of the solar spectrum. Isaac Newton first applied the word spectrum to describe the rainbow of colors that combine to form white light. During the early 1800s, Joseph von Fraunhofer conducted experiments with dispersive spectrometers that enabled spectroscopy to become a more precise and quantitative scientific technique. Since then, spectroscopy has played and continues to play a significant role in chemistry, physics and astronomy. Fraunhofer observed and measured dark lines in the Sun's spectrum, which now bear his name although several of them were observed earlier by Wollaston.

References

  1. Prestwich, Joseph (January 1860). "On the Occurrence of Flint-implements, associated with the Remains of Animals of Extinct Species in Beds of a late Geological Period, in France at Amiens and Abbeville, and in England at Hoxne". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society . 150: 277–317. doi:10.1098/rstl.1860.0018. hdl: 2027/chi.098241705 . S2CID   111126826.
  2. Evans, John (January 1860). "On the Occurrence of Flint Implements in undisturbed Beds of Gravel, Sand, and Clay" (PDF). Archaeologia . 38 (2): 280–307. doi:10.1017/s0261340900001454 . Retrieved 2012-02-24.
  3. Plait, Philip C. (2008). Death from the Skies! – these are the ways the world will end. New York: Viking Penguin. ISBN   978-0-670-01997-7.
  4. Recherches astronomiques de l'observatoire de Kasan.
  5. Baum, Richard; Sheehan, William (1997). In Search of Planet Vulcan, the Ghost in Newton's Clockwork Machine . New York: Plenum Press. ISBN   978-0-306-45567-4.
  6. Published in Journal of the Proceedings of the Society vol. IV, Zoology, no. 16 (10 February 1860) p. 172.
  7. Parkinson, Justin (2014-07-01). "John Bostock: The man who 'discovered' hay fever". BBC News Magazine. Archived from the original on 2015-07-31. Retrieved 2018-06-10.
  8. Oxford English Dictionary .
  9. Rines, George Edwin, ed. (1920). "Virchow, Rudolf"  . Encyclopedia Americana .
  10. Brodie, B. C. (1859). "On the Atomic Weight of Graphite". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London . 149: 249–259. Bibcode:1859RSPT..149..249B. doi: 10.1098/rstl.1859.0013 . JSTOR   108699.
  11. Geim, A. K. (2012). "Graphene Prehistory". Physica Scripta . T146: 1–4. Bibcode:2012PhST..146a4003G. doi: 10.1088/0031-8949/2012/T146/014003 .
  12. Weeks, Mary Elvira (1932). "The discovery of the elements. XIII. Some spectroscopic discoveries". Journal of Chemical Education . 9 (8): 1413–1434. Bibcode:1932JChEd...9.1413W. doi:10.1021/ed009p1413.
  13. "Robert Bunsen". infoplease. Pearson Education. 2007. Retrieved 2011-11-21.
  14. "The Discovery of Global Warming". American Institute of Physics. February 2013. Archived from the original on 13 January 2016. Retrieved 8 August 2013.
  15. "Romanian Inventions". The Reminder (46): 3 (suppl.). June 1983.
  16. Cayley, Arthur (1859), "A sixth memoir upon quantics", Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London , 149: 61–90, Bibcode:1859RSPT..149...61C, doi: 10.1098/rstl.1859.0004 , ISSN   0080-4614, JSTOR   108690, Collected Math. Papers, volume 2
  17. Monatsberichte der Königlich Preußischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin (November 1859).
  18. "Florence Nightingale: Notes on Nursing". 300 Women Who Changed the World. Encyclopædia Britannica . Retrieved 2011-10-12.
  19. Binding, John (1997). Brunel's Royal Albert Bridge. Truro: Twelveheads Press. ISBN   978-0-906294-39-0.
  20. Bonnett, Harold (1975). Discovering Traction Engines (rev. ed.). Princes Risborough: Shire Publications. p. 5. ISBN   978-0-85263-318-2.
  21. Patented 1860. Wise, David Burgess (1974). "Lenoir: The Motoring Pioneer". In Ward, Ian (ed.). The World of Automobiles. London: Orbis Publishing.
  22. "Copley Medal | British scientific award". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 23 July 2020.