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Tracheal intubation, an invasive medical procedure, is the placement of a flexible plastic catheter into the trachea. For millennia, tracheotomy was considered the most reliable method of tracheal intubation. By the late 19th century, advances in the sciences of anatomy and physiology, as well as the beginnings of an appreciation of the germ theory of disease, had reduced the morbidity and mortality of this operation to a more acceptable rate. Also in the late 19th century, advances in endoscopic instrumentation had improved to such a degree that direct laryngoscopy had finally become a viable means to secure the airway by the non-surgical orotracheal route. Nasotracheal intubation was not widely practiced until the early 20th century. The 20th century saw the transformation of the practices of tracheotomy, endoscopy and non-surgical tracheal intubation from rarely employed procedures to essential components of the practices of anesthesia, critical care medicine, emergency medicine, gastroenterology, pulmonology and surgery.
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Events from the year 1805 in Germany.
References
- ↑ Williams, Roger L. (1988). "Gerard and Jaume: Two Neglected Figures in the History of Jussiaean Classification (Part Three)". Taxon . 37 (2): 233–271. doi:10.2307/1222135. JSTOR 1222135.
- ↑ Dalton, John (1805). "On the Absorption of Gases by Water and Other Liquids". Memoirs of the Literary and Philosophical Society of Manchester. 2nd Series. 1: 271–87.
- ↑ "Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac". Science History Institute. June 2016. Retrieved 21 March 2018.
- ↑ Bowden, Mary Ellen (1997). "Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac" . Chemical achievers : the human face of the chemical sciences. Philadelphia, PA: Chemical Heritage Foundation. pp. 13–15, 53. ISBN 9780941901123.
- ↑ "Jane Marcet". Science History Institute. June 2016. Retrieved 21 March 2018.
- ↑ Morse, Elizabeth J. (2004). "Marcet, Jane Haldimand (1769–1858)" . Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/18029 . Retrieved 2013-10-14.(Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ↑ Legendre, Adrien-Marie (1805), Nouvelles méthodes pour la détermination des orbites des comètes [New Methods for the Determination of the Orbits of Comets] (in French), Paris: F. Didot
- ↑ Bozzini, P. (1806). "Lichtleiter: eine Erfindung zur Anschauung innerer Theile und Krankheiten nebst der Abbildung". J Practischen Arzneykunde. Berlin. 24: 107–24.
- ↑ Bozzini, P. (1810). "Lichtleiter, eine Erfindung zur Anschauung innerer Theile und Krankheiten nebst der Abbildung". Heidelbergische Jahrbücher der Litteratur. Vol. 3. Heidelberg: Wöhr & Zimmer. p. 207. Retrieved 2010-09-06.
- ↑ Bush, Ronnie Beth; Leonhardt, Hanna; Bush, Irving M.; Landes, Ralph R. (1974). "Dr. Bozzini's Lichtleiter: A translation of his original article (1806)". Urology . 3 (1): 119–23. doi:10.1016/S0090-4295(74)80080-4. PMID 4591409.
- ↑ Rolt, L. T. C. (1958). Thomas Telford . London: Longmans, Green.
- ↑ "Copley Medal | British scientific award". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 21 July 2020.
- ↑ "Notice no. LH/2463/9". Base Léonore (in French).