Related Research Articles
The voltaic pile was the first electrical battery that could continuously provide an electric current to a circuit. It was invented by Italian chemist Alessandro Volta, who published his experiments in 1799. The voltaic pile then enabled a rapid series of other discoveries including the electrical decomposition (electrolysis) of water into oxygen and hydrogen by William Nicholson and Anthony Carlisle (1800) and the discovery or isolation of the chemical elements sodium (1807), potassium (1807), calcium (1808), boron (1808), barium (1808), strontium (1808), and magnesium (1808) by Humphry Davy.
Frederick William Herschel was a German-born British astronomer and composer. He frequently collaborated with his younger sister and fellow astronomer Caroline Herschel (1750–1848). Born in the Electorate of Hanover, William Herschel followed his father into the military band of Hanover, before emigrating to Great Britain in 1757 at the age of nineteen.
Sir John Frederick William Herschel, 1st Baronet was an English polymath active as a mathematician, astronomer, chemist, inventor, experimental photographer who invented the blueprint and did botanical work.
Jean-André Deluc or de Luc was a Swiss geologist, natural philosopher and meteorologist. He also devised measuring instruments.
Charles's law is an experimental gas law that describes how gases tend to expand when heated. A modern statement of Charles's law is:
When the pressure on a sample of a dry gas is held constant, the Kelvin temperature and the volume will be in direct proportion.
William Hyde Wollaston was an English chemist and physicist who is famous for discovering the chemical elements palladium and rhodium. He also developed a way to process platinum ore into malleable ingots.
The year 1835 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
The year 1804 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
The year 1800 in science and technology included many significant events.
The year 1864 in science and technology included many events, some of which are listed here.
The year 1859 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
The year 1849 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
The year 1843 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
The year 1789 in science and technology involved some significant events.
Gay-Lussac's law usually refers to Joseph-Louis Gay-Lussac's law of combining volumes of gases, discovered in 1808 and published in 1809. It sometimes refers to the proportionality of the volume of a gas to its absolute temperature at constant pressure. This law was published by Gay-Lussac in 1802, and in the article in which he described his work he cited earlier unpublished work from the 1780s by Jacques Charles. Consequently, the volume-temperature proportionality is usually known as Charles's Law.
Johann Wilhelm Ritter was a German chemist, physicist and philosopher. He was born in Samitz (Zamienice) near Haynau (Chojnów) in Silesia, and died in Munich.
Electrochemistry, a branch of chemistry, went through several changes during its evolution from early principles related to magnets in the early 16th and 17th centuries, to complex theories involving conductivity, electric charge and mathematical methods. The term electrochemistry was used to describe electrical phenomena in the late 19th and 20th centuries. In recent decades, electrochemistry has become an area of current research, including research in batteries and fuel cells, preventing corrosion of metals, the use of electrochemical cells to remove refractory organics and similar contaminants in wastewater electrocoagulation and improving techniques in refining chemicals with electrolysis and electrophoresis.
Events from the year 1802 in the United Kingdom.
The Catalogue of Nebulae and Clusters of Stars (CN) is an astronomical catalogue of nebulae first published in 1786 by William Herschel, with the assistance of his sister Caroline Herschel. It was later expanded into the General Catalogue of Nebulae and Clusters of Stars (GC) by his son, John Herschel. The CN and GC are the precursors to John Louis Emil Dreyer's New General Catalogue (NGC) used by current astronomers.
Modern spectroscopy in the Western world started in the 17th century. New designs in optics, specifically prisms, enabled systematic observations of the solar spectrum. Isaac Newton first applied the word spectrum to describe the rainbow of colors that combine to form white light. During the early 1800s, Joseph von Fraunhofer conducted experiments with dispersive spectrometers that enabled spectroscopy to become a more precise and quantitative scientific technique. Since then, spectroscopy has played and continues to play a significant role in chemistry, physics and astronomy. Fraunhofer observed and measured dark lines in the Sun's spectrum, which now bear his name although several of them were observed earlier by Wollaston.
References
- ↑ Herschel, William (6 May 1802). "Observations on the two lately discovered celestial Bodies". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 92: 213–232. doi:10.1098/rstl.1802.0010. JSTOR 107120.
- ↑ Hilton, James L. (2001-09-17). "When Did the Asteroids Become Minor Planets?". Archived from the original on 2009-08-25. Retrieved 2006-08-16.
- ↑ Herschel, William (1802). "Catalogue of 500 New Nebulae, Nebulous Stars, Planetary Nebulae, and Clusters of Stars; With Remarks on the Construction of the Heavens" (PDF). Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 92: 477–528 [481]. Bibcode:1802RSPT...92..477H. doi: 10.1098/rstl.1802.0021 . JSTOR 107131.
- ↑ Osborn, Henry Fairfield (1905). From the Greeks to Darwin: an outline of the development of the evolution idea (2nd ed.). New York: Macmillan. p. 160.
- ↑ "An Account of a method of copying Painting upon Glass and making profiles, by the agency of Light upon Nitrate of Silver." Invented by T. Wedgwood, Esq. with Observations by H. Davy.
- ↑ Hirsch, Robert (2017). Seizing the Light: A Social & Aesthetic History of Photography. Taylor & Francis.
- ↑ Williams, Hywel (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History . London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. p. 354. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
- ↑ Gay-Lussac, J. L. "Recherches sur la dilatation des gaz et des vapeurs". Annales de chimie. XLIII: 137. Retrieved 29 September 2010.
- ↑ "Who was James Smithson? – A Man of Science". Smithsonian Institution. Archived from the original on 12 June 2007. Retrieved 2007-06-18.
- ↑ Smithson, James (1803). "A Chemical Analysis of Some Calamines". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London . Pt. I. Retrieved 25 February 2011.
- ↑ Ballbriga, Angel (1991). "One century of pediatrics in Europe". In Nichols, Buford L.; Ballabriga, A.; Kretchmer, N. (eds.). History of Pediatrics 1850–1950. Nestlé Nutrition Workshop Series. Vol. 22. New York: Raven Press. pp. 6–8. ISBN 0-88167-695-0.
- ↑ Jacyna, L. S. (2004). "Bell, Sir Charles (1774–1842)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography . Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/1999 . Retrieved 2011-04-06.(subscription or UK public library membership required)
- ↑ Berg, Hermann (2008). "Johann Wilhelm Ritter: the Founder of Scientific Electrochemistry". Review of Polarography. 54 (2): 99–103. doi: 10.5189/revpolarography.54.99 .
- ↑ Wetzels, Walter D. (1978). "J. W. Ritter: the Beginnings of Electrochemistry in Germany". In Dubpernell, G.; Westbrook, J. H. (eds.). Selected Topics in the History of Electrochemistry. Princeton: Electrochemical Society. pp. 68–73.
- ↑ Bagust, Harold (2006). The Greater Genius? – a biography of Marc Isambard Brunel. Hersham: Ian Allan. p. 31. ISBN 978-0-7110-3175-3.
- ↑ Cornforth, David; Speight, Anne (2009-05-03). "Bodley & Co". Exeter Memories. Retrieved 2011-03-12.
- ↑ "The History of Ranges". Tarvin: Antique Fireplaces & Ranges. Retrieved 2011-03-12.
- ↑ Underwood, John (Spring–Summer 2010). "The subversive encyclopedia". Science Museum Library & Archives Newsletter. Science Museum at Wroughton. Archived from the original on 2011-01-17. Retrieved 2011-11-12.
- ↑ "Copley Medal | British scientific award". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 21 July 2020.