1736 in science

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The year 1736 in science and technology involved some significant events.

Botany

• Charles Marie de La Condamine, with François Fresneau Gataudière, makes the first scientific observations of rubber, in Ecuador. ^[1]

Earth sciences

• June 19 – French Academy of Sciences expedition led by Pierre Louis Maupertuis, with Anders Celsius, begins work on measuring a meridian arc in the Torne Valley of Finland. ^[2]

Mathematics

• June 8 – Leonhard Euler writes to James Stirling describing the Euler–Maclaurin formula, providing a connection between integrals and calculus.
• Euler produces the first published proof of Fermat's "little theorem". ^[3]
• Sir Isaac Newton's Method of Fluxions (1671), describing his method of differential calculus, is first published (posthumously) and Thomas Bayes publishes a defense of its logical foundations against the criticism of George Berkeley (anonymously). ^[4]

Medicine

• Early 1736 – The “Publick Workhouse and House of Correction” that is to become Bellevue Hospital in New York City is ready for occupancy. ^{[5] [6]}
• c. October – Winchester County Hospital, established by Prebendary Alured Clarke, the first voluntary general hospital in the English provinces.

Awards

• Copley Medal: John Theophilus Desaguliers ^[7]

Births

• January 19 – James Watt, Scottish mechanical engineer (died 1819) ^[8]
• January 25 – Joseph Louis Lagrange, Piedmont-born mathematician (died 1813)
• June 14 – Charles-Augustin de Coulomb, French physicist (died 1806)
• July 12 – Louis Lépecq de La Clôture, French epidemiologist (died 1804) ^[9]
• August 19 – Erland Samuel Bring, Swedish mathematician (died 1798)
• November 3 – Christiaan Brunings, Dutch hydraulic engineer (died 1805)
• John Arnold, Cornish-born watchmaker (died 1799)
• Honoré Blanc, French gunsmith (died 1801)

Deaths

• September 16 – Gabriel Fahrenheit, German-born Dutch physicist and engineer (born 1686)
• October 13 – Georges Mareschal, French surgeon (born 1658) ^[10]

References

1. Journal du voyage fait par ordre du roi à l'équateur. Paris. 1751.
2. Piippola, Takalo. "Maupertuis'n astemittaus Tornionlaaksossa 1736-1737" (in Finnish). Archived from the original on 11 December 2007. Retrieved 2008-03-23.
3. Theorematum Quorundam ad Numeros Primos Spectantium Demonstratio.
4. An Introduction to the Doctrine of Fluxions, and a Defence of the Mathematicians Against the Objections of the Author of the Analyst.
5. Burrows, Edwin G.; Wallace, Mike (1998). Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898. Oxford University Press. p. 156. ISBN   978-0-19-974120-5.
6. Knights, Edwin M. "Bellevue Hospital". History Magazine. Retrieved 2021-02-06.
7. "Copley Medal | British scientific award". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 21 July 2020.
8. "James Watt | Biography, Inventions, Steam Engine, Significance, & Facts | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 14 May 2023.
9. "Louis Lépecq de La Clôture (1736-1804)". data.bnf.fr. BNF. Retrieved 21 October 2020.
10. "Mareschal, Georges (1658-1736)". catalogue.bnf.fr (in French). Bibliothèque Nationale de France. Retrieved 6 February 2021.