1781 in science

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The year 1781 in science and technology involved some significant events.

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Astronomy

Biology

Chemistry

Hendry Carvendish proved that water is a compound is made up of two elements that is two molecule hydrogen and one molecule of oxygen are combined in fixed ratio (2:1)water is a compound

Awards

Births

Deaths

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">René Laennec</span> French physician (1781–1826)

René-Théophile-Hyacinthe Laennec was a French physician and musician. His skill at carving his own wooden flutes led him to invent the stethoscope in 1816, while working at the Hôpital Necker. He pioneered its use in diagnosing various chest conditions. He became a lecturer at the Collège de France in 1822 and professor of medicine in 1823. His final appointments were that of head of the medical clinic at the Hôpital de la Charité and professor at the Collège de France. He went into a coma and subsequently died of tuberculosis on August 13, 1826, at age 45.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">William Herschel</span> German-born British astronomer and composer (1738–1822)

Frederick William Herschel was a German-British astronomer and composer. He frequently collaborated with his younger sister and fellow astronomer Caroline Herschel. Born in the Electorate of Hanover, William Herschel followed his father into the military band of Hanover, before emigrating to Britain in 1757 at the age of nineteen.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1781</span> Calendar year

1781 (MDCCLXXXI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar, the 1781st year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 781st year of the 2nd millennium, the 81st year of the 18th century, and the 2nd year of the 1780s decade. As of the start of 1781, the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">John Herschel</span> English polymath (1792–1871)

Sir John Frederick William Herschel, 1st Baronet was an English polymath active as a mathematician, astronomer, chemist, inventor and experimental photographer who invented the blueprint and did botanical work.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Caroline Herschel</span> German-British astronomer (1750–1848)

Caroline Lucretia Herschel was a German astronomer, whose most significant contributions to astronomy were the discoveries of several comets, including the periodic comet 35P/Herschel–Rigollet, which bears her name. She was the younger sister of astronomer William Herschel, with whom she worked throughout her career.

The year 1787 in science and technology involved some significant events.

The year 1821 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

The year 1826 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

The year 1819 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

The year 1745 in science and technology involved some significant events.

The year 1848 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1743 in science</span> Overview of the events of 1743 in science

The year 1743 in science and technology involved some significant events.

The year 1882 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

The year 1858 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

The year 1788 in science and technology involved some significant events.

The year 1786 in science and technology involved some significant events.

The year 1750 in science and technology involved some significant events.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pierre Méchain</span> French mathematician and astronomer (1744–1804)

Pierre François André Méchain was a French astronomer and surveyor who, with Charles Messier, was a major contributor to the early study of deep-sky objects and comets.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Stanislao Cannizzaro</span> Italian chemist (1826–1910)

Stanislao Cannizzaro was an Italian chemist. He is famous for the Cannizzaro reaction and for his influential role in the atomic-weight deliberations of the Karlsruhe Congress in 1860.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">August Wilhelm von Hofmann</span> German chemist (1818–1892)

August Wilhelm von Hofmann was a German chemist who made considerable contributions to organic chemistry. His research on aniline helped lay the basis of the aniline-dye industry, and his research on coal tar laid the groundwork for his student Charles Mansfield's practical methods for extracting benzene and toluene and converting them into nitro compounds and amines. Hofmann's discoveries include formaldehyde, hydrazobenzene, the isonitriles, and allyl alcohol. He prepared three ethylamines and tetraethylammonium compounds and established their structural relationship to ammonia.

References

  1. Herschel, W.; Watson, Dr. (1781). "Account of a Comet, By Mr. Herschel, F.R.S.; Communicated by Dr. Watson, Jun. of Bath, F.R.S". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society . 71. London: 492–501. Bibcode:1781RSPT...71..492H. doi:10.1098/rstl.1781.0056. S2CID   186208953.
  2. "Verzeichniss aller bisher entdeckten Doppeltsterne" In Johann Elert Bode's Astronomisches Jahrbuch for 1784, pp. 183-6.
  3. Burke, James (1978). Connections . London: Macmillan. p.  196. ISBN   0-333-24827-9.
  4. "Coal Tar Before the Invention of Town's Gas" . Retrieved 2011-12-31.
  5. 1 2 Emsley, John (2001). Nature's Building Blocks: an A–Z guide to the elements. Oxford University Press. ISBN   978-0-19-850341-5.
  6. Hjelm, P. J. (1788). "Versuche mit Molybdäna, und Reduction der selben Erde". Der Königl. Schwedischen Akademie der Wissenschaften neue Abhandlungen aus der Naturlehre, Haushaltungskunst und Mechanik. 49. Leipzig: 268.
  7. "Copley Medal | British scientific award". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 21 July 2020.
  8. "Laennec, René-Théophile-Hyacinthe (1781-1826)". catalogue.bnf.fr (in French). Bibliothèque Nationale de France. Retrieved 6 February 2021.