1788 in science

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Last updated June 17, 2024

The year 1788 in science and technology involved some significant events.

Astronomy

December 21 – Caroline Herschel discovers the periodic comet 35P/Herschel–Rigollet.

Biology

Dr. Edward Jenner publishes his observation that it is the newly hatched common cuckoo which pushes its host's eggs and chicks out of the nest.^[1]^[2]
James E. Smith founds the Linnean Society of London.
Utamaro publishes Ehon Mushi Erami ("Picture Book of Crawling Creatures") in Japan with color illustrations.^[3]
Thomas Walter publishes Flora Caroliniana, the first flora of North America to follow Linnaean taxonomy.^[4]
Gilbert White publishes The Natural History and Antiquities of Selborne, in the County of Southampton (dated 1789), a pioneering observational study of English ecology.

Earth sciences

James Hutton's Theory of the Earth; or an Investigation of the Laws observable in the Composition, Dissolution, and Restoration of Land upon the Globe is published for the first time, in Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh .^[5]

Mechanics

Lagrange's Mécanique analytique is published in Paris, introducing Lagrangian mechanics.

Medicine

December 5 – Rev. Dr. Francis Willis is called in to advise on treatment of the mental condition of King George III of the United Kingdom.

Technology

February 1 – Isaac Briggs and William Longstreet patent a steamboat in the United States.
October 14 – William Symington demonstrates a paddle steamer on Dalswinton Loch in Scotland.^[6]^[7]

Awards

Copley Medal: Charles Blagden ^[8]

Births

March 7 – Antoine César Becquerel, French scientist (died 1878)
March 22 – Pierre Joseph Pelletier, French chemist (died 1842)
April 18 – Charlotte Murchison, Scottish geologist (died 1869)
May 10 – Augustin-Jean Fresnel, French physicist (died 1827)
July 1 – Jean-Victor Poncelet, French mechanical and military engineer and mathematician (died 1867)
July 23 – Prideaux John Selby, English ornithologist (died 1867)
September 12 – Charlotte von Siebold, German gynecologist (died 1859)
October 14 – Edward Sabine, Anglo Irish physicist, astronomer and explorer (died 1883)
December 21 – Thomas Southwood Smith, English physician and sanitary reformer (died 1861)
James Murray, Irish physician (died 1871)

Deaths

April 16 – Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon, French naturalist (born 1707)
May 8 – Giovanni Antonio Scopoli, Italian-Austrian naturalist (born 1723)
October 17 – John Brown, Scottish-born physician (born 1735)
December 6 - Nicole-Reine Lepaute, French astronomer (born 1723)
Lucia Galeazzi Galvani, Italian scientist (born 1743)
approx. date – Moses Harris, English entomologist and engraver (born 1730)

Related Research Articles

Edward Jenner was an English physician and scientist who pioneered the concept of vaccines and created the smallpox vaccine, the world's first vaccine. The terms vaccine and vaccination are derived from Variolae vaccinae, the term devised by Jenner to denote cowpox. He used it in 1798 in the title of his Inquiry into the Variolae vaccinae known as the Cow Pox, in which he described the protective effect of cowpox against smallpox.

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References

↑ Jenner, Edward (1788-03-13). "Observations on the Natural History of the Cuckoo, in a Letter to John Hunter, Esq. F.R.S." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society . 78. London: 219–237. doi: 10.1098/rstl.1788.0016 . Retrieved 2013-05-08.
↑ Sealy, Spencer G.; Guigueno, Mélanie F. (2011). "Cuckoo chicks evicting their nest mates: coincidental observations by Edward Jenner in England and Antoine Joseph Lottinger in France" (PDF). Archives of Natural History . 38: 220–228. doi:10.3366/anh.2011.0030. ISSN 0260-9541 . Retrieved 2013-05-08.
↑ "Utamaro". Cambridge: Fitzwilliam Museum . Retrieved 2013-12-02.
↑ Ward, Daniel B. (2007). "Scientific Note: Quercus sinuata Walter ... Rediscovered and Neotypified". Castanea. 72 (3). Southern Appalachian Botanical Society: 177–181. doi:10.2179/0008-7475(2007)72[177:SNQSWH]2.0.CO;2 . Retrieved 2011-04-05.
↑ Vol. 1(2) pp. 209–304. Theory of the Earth. Archived July 29, 2003, at the Wayback Machine
↑ Harvey, W. S.; Downs-Rose, G. (1980). William Symington, Inventor and Engine Builder. London: Northgate Publishing. ISBN 0-85298-443-X.
↑ Macleod, Innes; Neil, James (1988). The Dalswinton steamboat 1788–1988. Dumfries: Farries. ISBN 0-948278-08-0.
↑ "Copley Medal | British scientific award". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 21 July 2020.

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[1] Jenner, Edward (1788-03-13). "Observations on the Natural History of the Cuckoo, in a Letter to John Hunter, Esq. F.R.S." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society . 78. London: 219–237. doi: 10.1098/rstl.1788.0016 . Retrieved 2013-05-08.

[2] Sealy, Spencer G.; Guigueno, Mélanie F. (2011). "Cuckoo chicks evicting their nest mates: coincidental observations by Edward Jenner in England and Antoine Joseph Lottinger in France" (PDF). Archives of Natural History . 38: 220–228. doi:10.3366/anh.2011.0030. ISSN 0260-9541 . Retrieved 2013-05-08.

[3] "Utamaro". Cambridge: Fitzwilliam Museum . Retrieved 2013-12-02.

[4] Ward, Daniel B. (2007). "Scientific Note: Quercus sinuata Walter ... Rediscovered and Neotypified". Castanea. 72 (3). Southern Appalachian Botanical Society: 177–181. doi:10.2179/0008-7475(2007)72[177:SNQSWH]2.0.CO;2 . Retrieved 2011-04-05.

[5] Vol. 1(2) pp. 209–304. Theory of the Earth. Archived July 29, 2003, at the Wayback Machine

[6] Harvey, W. S.; Downs-Rose, G. (1980). William Symington, Inventor and Engine Builder. London: Northgate Publishing. ISBN 0-85298-443-X.

[7] Macleod, Innes; Neil, James (1988). The Dalswinton steamboat 1788–1988. Dumfries: Farries. ISBN 0-948278-08-0.

[8] "Copley Medal | British scientific award". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 21 July 2020.

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