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1842 (MDCCCXLII) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar, the 1842nd year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 842nd year of the 2nd millennium, the 42nd year of the 19th century, and the 3rd year of the 1840s decade. As of the start of 1842, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
Anesthesia or anaesthesia is a state of controlled, temporary loss of sensation or awareness that is induced for medical or veterinary purposes. It may include some or all of analgesia, paralysis, amnesia, and unconsciousness. An individual under the effects of anesthetic drugs is referred to as being anesthetized.
Chloroform, or trichloromethane, is an organic compound with the formula CHCl3 and a common solvent. It is a very volatile, colorless, strong-smelling, dense liquid produced on a large scale as a precursor to PTFE and refrigerants and is a trihalomethane that serves as a powerful anesthetic, euphoriant, anxiolytic, and sedative when inhaled or ingested. Chloroform was used as an anesthetic between the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century. Chloroform is miscible with many solvents but it is only very slightly soluble in water.
Crawford Williamson Long was an American surgeon and pharmacist best known for his first use of inhaled sulfuric ether as an anesthetic.
The year 1828 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
The year 1754 in science and technology involved some significant events.
The year 1892 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
The year 1776 in science and technology involved some significant events.
The year 1804 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
The year 1871 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
The year 1845 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
The year 1793 in science and technology involved some significant events.
The year 1846 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
The year 1786 in science and technology involved some significant events.
William Thomas Green Morton was an American dentist and physician who first publicly demonstrated the use of inhaled ether as a surgical anesthetic in 1846. The promotion of his questionable claim to have been the discoverer of anesthesia became an obsession for the rest of his life.
An inhalational anesthetic is a chemical compound possessing general anesthetic properties that is delivered via inhalation. They are administered through a face mask, laryngeal mask airway or tracheal tube connected to an anesthetic vaporiser and an anesthetic delivery system. Agents of significant contemporary clinical interest include volatile anesthetic agents such as isoflurane, sevoflurane and desflurane, as well as certain anesthetic gases such as nitrous oxide and xenon.
Curt Theodor Schimmelbusch was a German physician and pathologist who invented the Schimmelbusch mask, for the safe delivery of anaesthetics to surgical patients. He was also a key figure in the development of mechanical methods of sterilisation and disinfection for surgical procedures, on which his Anleitung zur aseptischen Wundbehandlung was considered a seminal work.
Throughout recorded history, attempts at producing a state of general anesthesia can be traced back to the writings of ancient Sumerians, Babylonians, Assyrians, Egyptians, Indians, and Chinese. Despite significant advances in anatomy and surgical technique during the Renaissance, surgery remained a last-resort treatment largely due to the pain associated with it. However, scientific discoveries in the late 18th and early 19th centuries paved the way for the development of modern anesthetic techniques.
Obstetric anesthesia or obstetric anesthesiology, also known as ob-gyn anesthesia or ob-gyn anesthesiology, is a sub-specialty of anesthesiology that provides peripartum pain relief (analgesia) for labor and anesthesia for cesarean deliveries ('C-sections').
James Robinson was a British dentist and anaesthetist. On 19 December 1846, he became the first person to carry out general anaesthesia in Britain when he administered ether to a patient undergoing a tooth extraction. The next year, he published A Treatise on the Inhalation of the Vapour of Ether, perhaps the first textbook of anaesthesia. Robinson's work influenced the prominent anaesthetist John Snow. Robinson also undertook initiatives to reform the dental profession in Britain. At the age of 48, he died of blood loss following a gardening accident; his London home, as well as the site where he first administered anaesthesia, are commemorated with plaques.
References
- ↑ Hershey, David (1996). "Doctor Ward's Accidental Terrarium". The American Biology Teacher. 58 (5): 276–281. doi:10.2307/4450151. JSTOR 4450151.
- ↑ Coleman, E. C. (2006). The Royal Navy in Polar Exploration, from Frobisher to Ross. Stroud: Tempus Publishing. p. 335. ISBN 978-0-7524-3660-9.
- ↑ Lyman, H. M. (1881). "History of anaesthesia". Artificial anaesthesia and anaesthetics. New York: William Wood and Company. p. 6. Retrieved 2010-09-13.
- ↑ Long, C. W. (1849). "An account of the first use of Sulphuric Ether by Inhalation as an Anæsthetic in Surgical Operations". Southern Medical and Surgical Journal. 5: 705–13. Retrieved 2012-06-12.
- ↑ Long, Tony (2007-03-30). "March 30, 1842: It's Lights Out, Thanks to Ether". Wired. Retrieved 2007-12-29.
- ↑ Presented to the Royal Society of London.
- ↑ "Icons, a portrait of England 1840–1860". Archived from the original on 2007-08-17. Retrieved 2007-09-13.
- ↑ Owen, R. (1842). "Report on British Fossil Reptiles." Part II. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, Plymouth, England.
- ↑ "Über das farbige Licht der Doppelsterne und einiger anderer Gestirne des Himmels – Versuch einer das Bradley'sche Theorem als integrirenden Theil in sich schliessenden allgemeineren Theorie" ("On the coloured light of the binary refracted stars and other celestial bodies – Attempt of a more general theory including Bradley's theorem as an integral part"). Abhandlungen der kaiserlichen bõhm. Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Prag (Prague) V Folge 2. 25 May 1842.
- ↑ von Mayer, J. R. (1842). "Bemerkungen über die Kräfte der unbelebten Nature ("Remarks on the forces of inorganic nature")". Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie . 43 (2): 233–40. doi:10.1002/jlac.18420420212. hdl: 2027/umn.319510020751527 .
- ↑ "History of the university". TU Delft. Archived from the original on 2008-02-28. Retrieved 2012-07-10.
- ↑ "Vacuum & Sewing Hall of Fame". Archived from the original on 12 December 2007. Retrieved 2007-12-29.See section: "Contributors to the invention of the sewing machine".
- ↑ Smiles, Samuel (1912). James Nasmyth Engineer: an Autobiography. John Murray. Retrieved 2009-11-14.
- ↑ Rosenthal, Richard T. (2000). "The Cyanotype". Vernacular Photography. Archived from the original on 2013-03-30. Retrieved 2021-11-23.
- ↑ "Copley Medal | British scientific award". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 22 July 2020.
- ↑ Haines, Catharine M C; Stevens, Helen M (2001). International Women in Science: A Biographical Dictionary to 1950. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO. p. 66. ISBN 978-1-57607-090-1.
- ↑ Bernce, Arvid (1981). Efter 1809 en Krönika i ord och bild om Finlandssvenskarna (in Swedish). Helsingfors: Bernces förlag. p. 2003. ISBN 978-9-15000-408-3.