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An induction coil or "spark coil" is a type of transformer used to produce high-voltage pulses from a low-voltage direct current (DC) supply. To create the flux changes necessary to induce voltage in the secondary coil, the direct current in the primary coil is repeatedly interrupted by a vibrating mechanical contact called an interrupter. Invented in 1836 by the Irish-Catholic priest Nicholas Callan, also independently by American inventor Charles Grafton Page, the induction coil was the first type of transformer. It was widely used in x-ray machines, spark-gap radio transmitters, arc lighting and quack medical electrotherapy devices from the 1880s to the 1920s. Today its only common use is as the ignition coils in internal combustion engines and in physics education to demonstrate induction.
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Nicholas Joseph Callan was an Irish physicist and Catholic priest. He was professor of natural philosophy at Maynooth College in County Kildare from 1834, and is best known for his work on the induction coil.
James Marsh was a British chemist who invented the Marsh test for detecting arsenic. Born in Kent, he was working as a labourer in Woolwich in the late 1810s and early 1820s, before joining the Royal Artillery. He was married to Mary, and had four children, two of whom died in infancy. His surviving daughters were Lavinia Bithiah (1821–1896) and Lucretia Victoria (1829–1910).
The National Science and Ecclesiology Museum at Maynooth is a science museum and museum of ecclesiology, located on the joint campus of St Patrick's College, Maynooth and Maynooth University, Ireland. It is an institution of the college, having begun as an ecclesiological museum.
References
- ↑ Marsh, J. (1836). "Account of a method of separating small quantities of arsenic from substances with which it may be mixed". Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal. 21: 229–236.
- ↑ "János Irinyi". Hungarian Patent Office. Archived from the original on March 4, 2010. Retrieved March 18, 2008.
- ↑ Callan, N. J. (December 1836). "On a new Galvanic battery". Philosophical Magazine . 3:9: 472–478.
- ↑ Callan, N. J. (April 1837). "A description of an electromagnetic repeater, or of a machine by which the connection between the voltaic battery and the helix of an electromagnet may be broken and renewed several thousand times in the space of one minute". Annals of Electricity. 1. Sturgeon: 229–230.
- ↑ Czarnik, Stanley A. (March 1992). "The classic induction coil". Popular Electronics. Archived from the original on October 30, 2016. Retrieved May 31, 2011.
- ↑ Griffiths, R. A. (April 2009), "Analysis of James Dredge's Victoria Bridge, Bath" (PDF), Proceedings of Bridge Engineering 2 Conference 2009, University of Bath, archived from the original (PDF) on March 4, 2016, retrieved November 23, 2012
- ↑ Sang, Edward (1836). "On the construction of oblique arches". The Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal. 20: 421. Retrieved June 10, 2022.
- ↑ Smiles, Samuel (1912). James Nasmyth Engineer: an Autobiography. John Murray. Retrieved November 14, 2009.
- ↑ "Copley Medal | British scientific award". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved July 22, 2020.
- ↑ "Notice no. LH//1409/37". Base Léonore (in French).