1776 in science

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Last updated December 27, 2024

The year 1776 in science and technology involved some significant events.

Astronomy

Lagrange publishes a paper on the stability of planetary orbits.^[1]

Botany

William Withering publishes The Botanical Arrangement of all the Vegetables Naturally Growing in Great Britain, the first flora in English based on Linnaean taxonomy.^[2]

Chemistry

James Keir begins publication of A Dictionary of Chemistry in London, a translation into English of Pierre Macquer's Dictionnaire de chymie (1766).

Exploration

July 12 – Captain James Cook sets off from Plymouth, England, in HMS Resolution on his third voyage, to the Pacific Ocean and the Arctic.

Geology

James Keir suggests that some rocks, such as those at the Giant's Causeway, might have been formed by the crystallisation of molten lava.

Mathematics

Jean Baptiste Meusnier discovers the helicoid and announces Meusnier's theorem.

Medicine

November 30 – Sir John Pringle presents "A discourse upon some late improvements of the means for preserving the health of mariners" to the Royal Society of London, commending and publicising Captain Cook's methods for prevention of scurvy at sea.
Publication of observations of epidemic diseases in Normandy, based on Hippocrates' table of epidemics by Louis Lépecq de La Clôture.^[3]

Technology

June–July – Claude-François-Dorothée, marquis de Jouffroy d'Abbans, demonstrates his steamboat Palmipède on the Doubs (river) in France.^[4]
John Wilkinson installs a steam blowing engine at his ironmaking furnace in Willey, Shropshire, England.

Awards

Copley Medal: James Cook^[5]

Births

February 4 – Gottfried Reinhold Treviranus, German naturalist (died 1837)
February 14 – Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck, German botanist (died 1858)
March 27 – Charles-François Brisseau de Mirbel, French botanist and politician (died 1854)
April 1 – Sophie Germain, French mathematician (died 1831)
May 17 – Amos Eaton, American naturalist and pioneer of science education (died 1842)
June 1 – Giuseppe Zamboni, Italian Catholic priest and physicist (died 1846)
June 12 – Karl Friedrich Burdach, German physiologist (died 1847)
July 16
- Ludwig Heinrich Bojanus, German physician and naturalist (died 1827)
- Johann Georg von Soldner, German physicist (died 1833)
July 22 – Etheldred Benett, English geologist (died 1845)
July 26 – Pierre Fouquier, French physician (died 1850)
August 2 – Friedrich Stromeyer, German chemist, discoverer of cadmium (died 1835)
August 6 – Amedeo Avogadro, Piedmontese chemist (died 1856)
October 4 – Mariano Lagasca, Spanish botanist (died 1839)
October 13 – Peter Barlow, English mathematician (died 1862)
November 14 – Henri Dutrochet, French physician (died 1847)
November 18 - Mauro Ruscóni, Italian physician and zoologist (died 1849)^[6]
December 3 – Nicolas Charles Seringe, French physician and botanist (died 1858)
December 31 – Johann Spurzheim, German physician (died 1832)^[7]

Deaths

February 18 – Lady Anne Monson, English-born botanist (born 1726)^[8]
June 13 – William Battie, English psychiatrist (born 1703 or 1704)
June 20 – Benjamin Huntsman, English inventor and manufacturer (born 1704)
November 17 – James Ferguson, Scottish astronomer (born 1710)

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Claude-François-Dorothée, marquis de Jouffroy d'Abbans was a French naval architect and engineer. He was the inventor of the first steamboat.

Events from the year 1772 in art.

1776 (MDCCLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar, the 1776th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 776th year of the 2nd millennium, the 76th year of the 18th century, and the 7th year of the 1770s decade. As of the start of 1776, the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Events from the year 1776 in France

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Louis Lépecq de La Clôture</span> French surgeon and epidemiologist

Louis Lépecq de La Clôture was a French surgeon and epidemiologist. His work consisted mainly of a 15-year observation of the relations between climate, geography and pathologies in Normandy.

Observations Made During a Voyage Round the World is Johann Reinhold Forster's systematic account of the scientific and ethnological results of the second voyage of James Cook. Forster, a former pastor who had become a Fellow of the Royal Society after writing several papers on natural history, and his son Georg had accompanied James Cook as naturalists on board of HMS Resolution. Originally, it had been planned that Forster's account should appear together with Cook's "narrative" of the voyage, but after lengthy arguments between Forster and John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich, the First Lord of the Admiralty, Georg went ahead and published his own narrative instead in 1777, A Voyage Round the World. Observations then appeared in 1778, financed by subscriptions. It was translated into several European languages, including a German translation by Georg Forster.

References

↑ Trimble, Virginia; Williams, Thomas R.; Bracher, Katherine; Jarrell, Richard; Marché, Jordan D.; Ragep, F. Jamil (2007). Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 667. ISBN 9780387304007.
↑ Withering, William (2015). A Botanical Arrangement of All the Vegetables Naturally Growing in Great Britain. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9781107706163. ISBN 978-1-108-07588-6 . Retrieved 25 December 2024.
↑ Lépecq de La Clôture, Louis (1776). Observations sur les maladies épidémiques , ouvrage rédigé d'après le tableau des épidémiques d'Hippocrate, et dans lequel on indique la meilleure méthode d'observer ce genre de maladies (in French). Paris: Vincent.
↑ Fox, W. (1910). "Claude-François-Dorothée de Jouffroy". The Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. Retrieved 2023-03-24– via New Advent.
↑ "Copley Medal - British scientific award". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 10 May 2018.
↑ Constantin von Wurzbach, ed. (1874). BLKÖ:Rusconi, Maurus (in German). Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich – via Wikisource. [ scan ]
↑ "Johann Gaspar Spurzheim (1776-1832)". data.bnf.fr. Retrieved 10 May 2018.
↑ Mariss, Anne (2015). "A world of new things": Praktiken der Naturgeschichte bei Johann Reinhold Forster (in German). Campus Verlag. p. 212. ISBN 9783593504773.

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[1] Trimble, Virginia; Williams, Thomas R.; Bracher, Katherine; Jarrell, Richard; Marché, Jordan D.; Ragep, F. Jamil (2007). Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 667. ISBN 9780387304007.

[2] Withering, William (2015). A Botanical Arrangement of All the Vegetables Naturally Growing in Great Britain. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9781107706163. ISBN 978-1-108-07588-6 . Retrieved 25 December 2024.

[3] Lépecq de La Clôture, Louis (1776). Observations sur les maladies épidémiques , ouvrage rédigé d'après le tableau des épidémiques d'Hippocrate, et dans lequel on indique la meilleure méthode d'observer ce genre de maladies (in French). Paris: Vincent.

[4] Fox, W. (1910). "Claude-François-Dorothée de Jouffroy". The Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. Retrieved 2023-03-24– via New Advent.

[5] "Copley Medal - British scientific award". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 10 May 2018.

[6] Constantin von Wurzbach, ed. (1874). BLKÖ:Rusconi, Maurus (in German). Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich – via Wikisource. [ scan ]

[7] "Johann Gaspar Spurzheim (1776-1832)". data.bnf.fr. Retrieved 10 May 2018.

[8] Mariss, Anne (2015). "A world of new things": Praktiken der Naturgeschichte bei Johann Reinhold Forster (in German). Campus Verlag. p. 212. ISBN 9783593504773.

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