Henry XVI | |
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Duke of Bavaria-Landshut | |
Reign | 4 December 1393 – 30 July 1450 |
Predecessor | Frederick |
Successor | Louis IX |
Duke of Bavaria-Ingolstadt | |
Reign | 7 April 1445 – 30 July 1450 |
Predecessor | Louis VIII |
Successor | Louis IX |
Born | 1386 probably Burghausen Castle |
Died | 30 July 1450 63–64) Landshut | (aged
Spouse | Margaret of Austria |
Issue |
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House | House of Wittelsbach |
Father | Frederick, Duke of Bavaria |
Mother | Maddalena Visconti |
Henry XVI of Bavaria (1386 – 30 July 1450, in Landshut), (German : Heinrich der Reiche, Herzog von Bayern-Landshut), since 1393 Duke of Bavaria-Landshut. [1] He was a son of duke Frederick and his wife Maddalena Visconti, a daughter of Bernabò Visconti.
Duke Henry XVI was the first of the three famous rich dukes, who reigned Bavaria-Landshut in the 15th century. Their residence was Trausnitz Castle in Landshut, a fortification which attained enormous dimensions. Having inherited not only the black hair but also the despotic temperament of the Visconti, Henry oppressed very cruelly uprisings of the citizenry of Landshut in 1410 and fought successfully against his cousin Louis VII the Bearded, the duke of Bavaria-Ingolstadt. He united Louis’ enemies in the Parakeet Society of 1414 and the League of Constance of 1415.
While the duchy of Bavaria-Straubing was still divided between Bavaria-Ingolstadt, Bavaria-Munich and Bavaria-Landshut after the extinction of the dukes of Straubing in 1429, Henry managed to receive the duchy of Bavaria-Ingolstadt almost completely in 1447. Henry died in 1450, it is not sure if the plague was the cause as sometimes reported. He was succeeded by his only surviving son Louis IX the Rich.
Henry banished his wife to Burghausen Castle to extend his freedom. His son and grandson took over this tradition, even though not all later marriages were that unhappy.
He was married in Landshut 25 November 1412 to Margaret, daughter of Duke Albert IV of Austria and Joanna Sophia of Bavaria. Their children were:
He also had illegitimate children, including Georg von Zangberg, Elisabeth, and Barbara.
Landshut is a town in Bavaria in the south-east of Germany. Situated on the banks of the River Isar, Landshut is the capital of Lower Bavaria, one of the seven administrative regions of the Free State of Bavaria. It is also the seat of the surrounding district and has a population of more than 75,000. Landshut is the largest city in Lower Bavaria, followed by Passau and Straubing, and Eastern Bavaria's second after Regensburg.
Albert III the Pious of Bavaria-Munich, since 1438 Duke of Bavaria-Munich. He was the son of Ernest, Duke of Bavaria and Elisabetta Visconti, daughter of Bernabò Visconti.
Ernest of Bavaria-Munich, , from 1397 Duke of Bavaria-Munich.
Duke John II of Bavaria-Munich, , since 1375 Duke of Bavaria-Munich. He was the third son of Stephen II and Elizabeth of Sicily.
Frederick was Duke of Bavaria from 1375. He was the second son of Stephen II and Elizabeth of Sicily.
Louis VII, called the Bearded was the Duke of Bavaria-Ingolstadt from 1413 until 1443. He was a son of Duke Stephen III and Taddea Visconti.
Louis IX was Duke of Bavaria-Landshut from 1450. He was a son of Henry XVI the Rich and Margaret of Austria. Louis was the founder of the University of Ingolstadt.
George of Bavaria referred to as the Rich, was the last duke of Bavaria-Landshut. He was a son of Louis IX the Rich and Amalia of Saxony.
Louis X, was Duke of Bavaria (1516–1545), together with his older brother William IV, Duke of Bavaria. His parents were Albert IV and Kunigunde of Austria, a daughter of Emperor Frederick III.
William III (1375 – 12 September 1435;, was Duke of Bavaria-Munich, together and in concord with his older brother Ernest, Duke of Bavaria. William III was a son of John II and a member of the Parakeet Society.
The Parakeet Society was a union of the enemies of Louis VII the Bearded, duke of Bavaria-Ingolstadt. It was founded on April 17, 1414 by his cousin, duke Henry XVI of Bavaria-Landshut. The other members of the society were Ernest of Bavaria-Munich, his brother William III and John, Count Palatine of Neumarkt.
Bavaria-Ingolstadt was a duchy which was part of the Holy Roman Empire from 1392 to 1447.
Bavaria-Landshut was a duchy in the Holy Roman Empire from 1353 to 1503.
Maddalena Visconti was a daughter of Bernabò Visconti and his wife Beatrice Regina della Scala. Maddalena was Duchess of Bavaria-Landshut by her marriage to Frederick, Duke of Bavaria.
Catherine d'Alençon was the Duchess consort of Bavaria as the second spouse of Louis VII, Duke of Bavaria. She was a younger daughter of Peter II of Alençon and his wife Marie Chamaillart, Viscountess of Beaumont-au-Maine. Catherine was also maid of honour to Louis' sister, Isabeau of Bavaria.
Elisabeth of Bavaria-Landshut, nicknamed "Beautiful Beth", was an Electress of Brandenburg by marriage to Frederick I, Elector of Brandenburg. She acted as regent of Brandenburg during the absence of her spouse.
Margaret of Brandenburg was a Princess of Brandenburg by birth and through successive marriages Duchess of Mecklenburg, Duchess of Bavaria-Ingolstadt and Countess of Waldenfels.
The Bavarian War from 1420 to 1422, also known as the Great War of the Lords, was a conflict between Louis VII the Bearded of Bayern-Ingolstadt and Henry XVI of Bavaria-Landshut. The conflict overshadowed Louis VII's reign, which lasted more than thirty years.