Hericium novae-zealandiae

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Hericium novae-zealandiae
Hericium novae-zealandiae large white.jpg
Large Hericium novae-zealandiae approaching maturity, with no colour differentiation between stipes and hymenium.
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Russulales
Family: Hericiaceae
Genus: Hericium
Species:
H. novae-zealandiae
Binomial name
Hericium novae-zealandiae
(Colenso) Chr. A. Sm. & J.A.
Synonyms

Hydnum novae-zealandiae

HerIcium novae-zealandiae is a species of fungus in the Hericiaceae family. Formerly classified as Hericium coralloides which shares an almost identical morphology. [1] Being saprotrophic, H. novae-zealandiae can be observed growing from dead, decaying wood. [2] Also known as pekepeke kiore or New Zealand's lion mane, it is endemic to New Zealand and was consumed by indigenous Māori. [3]

Contents

Description

Very immature fruiting body of H. novae-zealandiae, a small solid mass packed with teeth (which will grow and become branched). Hericium novae zealandiae immature.jpg
Very immature fruiting body of H. novae-zealandiae, a small solid mass packed with teeth (which will grow and become branched).

Hericium novae-zealandiae has a relatively large (10 cm + diameter), white fruiting body, initially described (as Hydnum nova zealandia) as looking somewhat like a cauliflower nearing flowering. Lacking a pileus or defined stipe, basidiomata are highly and irregularly branched. Growing from a short, corkish stem, culminating in numerous, densely arranged, fine tips. The hymenium (spore bearing surface) is located on the surface of the fine tips, there is no delineation between the stipe and the hymenium until spore maturity when tips become reddish. [4]

Medicinal

Hericium novae-zealandiae growing from a dead tree trunk among lichens. Hymenium has matured and become reddish. Hericium novae-zealandiae mature specimen on dead trunk.jpg
Hericium novae-zealandiae growing from a dead tree trunk among lichens. Hymenium has matured and become reddish.

The closely related Hericium erinaceus, or lion’s mane has been shown to have numerous health benefits including treating dyspepsia, gastric ulcers as well as antitumor and immuno-modulatory activity. [3]

Extractions from Hercium novae-zealandiae have been shown to exhibit antiproliferative qualities when applied to three prostate cancer lines cancer lines (DU145, LNCaP and PC3). [5] [6] While a polysacharride extract was effective on LNCaP and PC3 lines, [5] an ethanol extract containing the constituents hericenone C, hericene B, ergosterol and ergosterol peroxide was effective on all three. [6] The mechanism in both cases was identified as apoptosis (programmed cell death). [5] [6]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mushroom</span> Spore-bearing fruiting body of a fungus

A mushroom or toadstool is the fleshy, spore-bearing fruiting body of a fungus, typically produced above ground, on soil, or on its food source. Toadstool generally denotes one poisonous to humans.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Edible mushroom</span> Edible fungi fruit bodies

Edible mushrooms are the fleshy fruit bodies of several species of macrofungi. Edibility may be defined by criteria including the absence of poisonous effects on humans and desirable taste and aroma. Edible mushrooms are consumed for their nutritional and culinary value. Mushrooms, especially dried shiitake, are sources of umami flavor.

<i>Coprinus comatus</i> Species of fungus

Coprinus comatus, commonly known as the shaggy ink cap, lawyer's wig, or shaggy mane, is a common fungus often seen growing on lawns, along gravel roads and waste areas. The young fruit bodies first appear as white cylinders emerging from the ground, then the bell-shaped caps open out. The caps are white, and covered with scales—this is the origin of the common names of the fungus. The gills beneath the cap are white, then pink, then turn black and deliquesce ('melt') into a black liquid filled with spores. This mushroom is unusual because it will turn black and dissolve itself in a matter of hours after being picked or depositing spores.

<i>Hericium erinaceus</i> Edible mushroom

Hericium erinaceus is an edible mushroom belonging to the tooth fungus group. Native to North America, Europe, and Asia, it can be identified by its long spines, occurrence on hardwoods, and tendency to grow a single clump of dangling spines. The fruit bodies can be harvested for culinary use.

<i>Inonotus obliquus</i> Species of fungus

Inonotus obliquus, commonly called chaga, is a fungus in the family Hymenochaetaceae. It is parasitic on birch and other trees. The sterile conk is irregularly formed and resembles burnt charcoal. It is not the fruiting body of the fungus, but a sclerotium or mass of mycelium, mostly black because of a great amount of melanin. Some people consider chaga medicinal.

<i>Weraroa</i> Genus of fungi

Weraroa was a genus of mushrooms from the families Hymenogastraceae and Strophariaceae. The genus was initially described by mycologist Rolf Singer in 1958 to accommodate the single species Secotium novae-zelandiae reported by Gordon Herriott Cunningham in 1924. It was thought that the genus represented an intermediary evolutionary stage between a hypogeous (underground) ancestor and the related epigeous genus Stropharia. Advances in phylogenetics and taxonomic changes since 1958 found it contained unrelated species from multiple genera. It is now considered a synonym of the genus Psilocybe.

<i>Urnula craterium</i> Species of fungus

Urnula craterium is a species of cup fungus in the family Sarcosomataceae. It is parasitic on oak and various other hardwood species; it is also saprobic, as the fruit bodies develop on dead wood after it has fallen to the ground. Appearing in early spring, its distinctive goblet-shaped and dark-colored fruit bodies have earned it the common names devil's urn and the gray urn. The distribution of U. craterium includes eastern North America, Europe, and Asia. It produces bioactive compounds that can inhibit the growth of other fungi. The asexual (imperfect), or conidial stage of U. craterium is a plant pathogen known as Conoplea globosa, which causes a canker disease of oak and several other hardwood tree species.

<i>Badimiella</i> Genus of lichen-forming fungi

Badimiella is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Pilocarpaceae. It has two species of foliicolous (leaf-dwelling) lichens.

<i>Hericium</i> Genus of fungi

Hericium is a genus of edible mushrooms in the family Hericiaceae. Species in this genus are white and fleshy and grow on dead or dying wood; fruiting bodies resemble a mass of fragile icicle-like spines that are suspended from either a branched supporting framework or from a tough, unbranched cushion of tissue. This distinctive structure has earned Hericium species a variety of common names—monkey's head, lion's mane, and bear's head are examples. Taxonomically, this genus was previously placed within the order Aphyllophorales, but recent molecular studies now place it in the Russulales.

<i>Hericium abietis</i> Species of fungus

Hericium abietis, commonly known as the bear's head or the western coral hedgehog, is an edible mushroom in the tooth fungus group. It grows on conifer stumps or logs in North America, producing a cream white fruit body up to 10–75 cm (4–30 in) tall and wide. It fruits from after the start of the fall rains to mid-season.

<i>Cortinarius porphyroideus</i> Species of fungus

Cortinarius porphyroideus, commonly known as purple pouch fungus, is a secotioid species of fungus endemic to New Zealand. It was one of six species that appeared as part of a series depicting native New Zealand fungi on stamps, released in 2002.

<i>Tricholoma vaccinum</i> Fungus of the agaric genus Tricholoma

Tricholoma vaccinum, commonly known as the russet scaly tricholoma, the scaly knight, or the fuzztop, is a fungus of the agaric genus Tricholoma. It produces medium-sized fruit bodies (mushrooms) that have a distinctive hairy reddish-brown cap with a shaggy margin when young. The cap, which can reach a diameter of up to 6.5 cm (2.6 in) wide, breaks up into flattened scales in maturity. It has cream-buff to pinkish gills with brown spots. Its fibrous, hollow stipe is white above and reddish brown below, and measures 4 to 7.5 cm long. Although young fruit bodies have a partial veil, it does not leave a ring on the stipe.

<i>Thaxterogaster cinereoroseolus</i> Species of fungus

Thaxterogaster cinereoroseolus is a species of truffle-like fungus in the family Cortinariaceae. Found in New South Wales, Australia, the species was described as new to science in 2010.

<i>Boletopsis nothofagi</i> Species of fungus

Boletopsis nothofagi is a fungus in the family Bankeraceae. The fungus forms grey fruit bodies that grow in clusters. Like all species of Boletopsis, it has a porous spore-bearing surface on the underside of the cap, but differs from other species of Boletopsis by having characteristics such as elongated spores and a green discoloration when stained with potassium hydroxide. Boletopsis nothofagi is endemic to New Zealand and has a mycorrhizal association with red beech. It is unknown when exactly the fungus forms its fruit body, but it has so far been found solely in May, during autumn in the Southern Hemisphere.

<i>Amanita augusta</i> Species of fungus

Amanita augusta is a small tannish-brown mushroom with cap colors bright yellow to dark brown and various combinations of the two colors. The mushroom is often recognizable by the fragmented yellow remnants of the universal veil. This mushroom grows year-round in the Pacific Northwest but fruiting tends to occur in late fall to mid-winter. The fungus grows in an ectomycorrhizal relationship with hardwoods and conifers often in mixed woodlands.

<i>Russula densifolia</i> Species of agaric fungus

Russula densifolia, commonly known as the crowded russula or the reddening russula, is a species of agaric fungus in the family Russulaceae. It was first described in 1833 and given its current name in 1876. A widespread species, it is found in Asia, Europe, and North America, where it fruits on the ground in mixed and deciduous forests. Fruit bodies (mushrooms) are robust and squat, with caps up to 14.5 cm (5.7 in) in diameter, and stems that are 2–7.5 cm (0.8–3.0 in) long by 1.2–2.5 cm (0.5–1.0 in) thick. The mushrooms are characterized by the red and then black color changes that occur in the flesh when it is bruised, and a relatively thick cap cuticle. Although the mushroom is sold as an edible species in some areas of Asia, it is mild to moderately toxic, and may cause gastrointestinal upset if consumed. Several bioactive compounds have been isolated and identified from the mushroom.

<i>Tyromyces pulcherrimus</i> Species of fungus

Tyromyces pulcherrimus, commonly known as the strawberry bracket, is a species of poroid fungus in the family Polyporaceae. It is readily recognisable by its reddish fruit bodies with pores on the cap underside. The fungus is found natively in Australia and New Zealand, where it causes a white rot in living and dead logs of southern beech and eucalyptus. In southern Brazil, it is an introduced species that is associated with imported eucalypts.

Hericium rajchenbergii is a species of fungus in the family Hericiaceae native to Argentina, first described by Gerardo Robledo & Nils Hallenberg in 2012. It grows on dead stems of Lithraea molleoides in the forests of Chaco Serrano. The fruitbodies resemble those of Hericium coralloides, and H. rajchenbergii can be recognized from them by different substrate and slightly bigger spores.

<i>Paurocotylis pila</i> A saprobic, truffle-like ascomycete

Paurocotylis pila is a saprobic, truffle-like ascomycete from the genus Paurocotylis. It is native to New Zealand and Australia and is naturalised in the United Kingdom.

Siew-Young Quek is a New Zealand academic and is a full professor at the University of Auckland, specialising in bioactive and functional food ingredients, lipid science and food processing.

References

  1. Pallua, J. D.; Recheis, W.; Pöder, R.; Pfaller, K.; Pezzei, C.; Hahn, H.; Huck-Pezzei, V.; Bittner, L. K.; Schaefer, G.; Steiner, E.; Andre, G.; Hutwimmer, S.; Felber, S.; Pallua, A. K.; Pallua, A. F. (2012). "Morphological and tissue characterization of the medicinal fungus Hericium coralloides by a structural and molecular imaging platform". The Analyst. 137 (7): 1584–1595. doi:10.1039/c1an15615b. ISSN   0003-2654. PMID   22158509.
  2. Pallua, Johannes D.; Kuhn, Volker; Pallua, Anton F.; Pfaller, Kristian; Pallua, Anton K.; Recheis, Wolfgang; Pöder, Reinhold (2015). "Application of micro-computed tomography to microstructure studies of the medicinal fungus Hericium coralloides". Mycological Society of America. 107 (1): 227–238. doi:10.3852/14-188. ISSN   0027-5514. PMID   25376797. S2CID   32198634.
  3. 1 2 Chen, Zhixia; Buchanan, Peter; Quek, Siew Young (2021-08-16). "Identification and Determination of Compounds Unique to Hericium in an Edible New Zealand Mushroom Hericium novae-zealandiae". Food Analytical Methods. 15 (1): 67–74. doi:10.1007/s12161-021-02098-x. ISSN   1936-9751. S2CID   237101319.
  4. Colenso, W (1888). "Description of some newly-discovered Crypto-gramic Plants: being further Contribution towards making known the Botany of New Zealand". New Zealand Institute of the Transactions and Proceedings. 21: 79 via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
  5. 1 2 3 Chen, Zhixia (Grace); Bishop, Karen Suzanne; Tanambell, Hartono; Buchanan, Peter; Quek, Siew Young (2019-07-08). "Assessment of In Vitro Bioactivities of Polysaccharides Isolated from Hericium Novae-Zealandiae". Antioxidants. 8 (7): 211. doi: 10.3390/antiox8070211 . ISSN   2076-3921. PMC   6680813 . PMID   31288400.
  6. 1 2 3 Chen, Zhixia (Grace); Bishop, Karen Suzanne; Tanambell, Hartono; Buchanan, Peter; Smith, Chris; Quek, Siew Young (2019). "Characterization of the bioactivities of an ethanol extract and some of its constituents from the New Zealand native mushroom Hericium novae-zealandiae". Food & Function. 10 (10): 6633–6643. doi:10.1039/c9fo01672d. ISSN   2042-6496. S2CID   203439525.