Mineral water is water from a mineral spring that contains various minerals, such as salts and sulfur compounds. Mineral water may be classified as "still" or "sparkling" (carbonated/effervescent) according to the presence or absence of added gases.
Bottled water is drinking water packaged in plastic or glass water bottles. Bottled water may be carbonated or not. Sizes range from small single serving bottles to large carboys for water coolers.
Évian, is a brand of mineral water coming from several sources near Évian-les-Bains, on the south shore of Lake Geneva.
Mineral springs are naturally occurring springs that produce water containing minerals, or other dissolved substances, that alter its taste or give it a purported therapeutic value. Salts, sulfur compounds, and gases are among the substances that can be dissolved in the spring water during its passage underground.
Purified water is water that has been mechanically filtered or processed to remove impurities and make it suitable for use. Distilled water has been the most common form of purified water, but, in recent years, water is more frequently purified by other processes including capacitive deionization, reverse osmosis, carbon filtering, microfiltration, ultrafiltration, ultraviolet oxidation, or electrodeionization. Combinations of a number of these processes have come into use to produce ultrapure water of such high purity that its trace contaminants are measured in parts per billion (ppb) or parts per trillion (ppt). Purified water has many uses, largely in the production of medications, in science and engineering laboratories and industries, and is produced in a range of purities. It can be produced on site for immediate use or purchased in containers. Purified water in colloquial English can also refer to water which has been treated to neutralize, but not necessarily remove contaminants considered harmful to humans or animals.
A water bottle is a container that is used to hold water, liquids or other beverages for consumption. The use of a water bottle allows an individual to drink and transport a beverage from one place to another.
S.Pellegrino is an Italian natural mineral water brand, owned by the company Sanpellegrino S.p.A., whose production plant is located in San Pellegrino Terme in the Province of Bergamo, Lombardy, Italy. Sanpellegrino S.p.A. has been part of Swiss company Nestlé since 1997 and its products are exported to most countries in Europe, the Americas, Australasia and the Middle East, as well as in Asia in Japan, Taiwan and Hong Kong.
Lithia water is defined as a type of mineral water characterized by the presence of lithium salts. Natural lithia mineral spring waters are rare and there are few commercially bottled lithia water products.
Chryseobacterium greenlandense is an ultramicrobacteria species, of bacteria that is able to live for long periods of time in low-temperature, high-pressure, reduced-oxygen and nutrient-poor habitats. It is known to have survived for more than 120,000 years in an ice block in Greenland, at a depth of 3,000 metres (1.9 mi).
Herminiimonas aquatilis is a bacterial species isolated from drinking water.
Herminiimonas glaciei is a species of ultramicrobacterium in the family Oxalobacteraceae. These small gram-negative cells have a variable number of long flagella at the ends and sides of their rod-shaped bodies. With dimensions of 0.5–0.9 by 0.3–0.4 µm, H. glaciei is roughly 10 to 50 times smaller than Escherichia coli. Discovered in 2009, the species was isolated from 120,000 years old glacial ice, 3,042 metres (1.9 mi) deep, from Greenland. It was revived after a long-term incubation—seven months of oxygen-free growth at 2 °C, followed by growth on agar plates at 5 °C for almost five months. DNA sequence analysis suggests that with a sequence similarity of 99.6%, H. glaciei is most closely related to H. saxobsidens, a species originally isolated from lichen-colonized rock. Loveland-Curtze, head of the team of scientists from Pennsylvania State University who found the species, speculates that it may offer insight into the existence of organisms in extraterrestrial habitats.
Herminiimonas arsenicoxydans is a species of ultramicrobacteria. First reported in 2006, it was isolated from industrial sludge and is able to oxidise the toxic chemical element arsenic.
Herminiimonas saxobsidens is a species of ultramicrobacteria. First reported in 2007, it was isolated from a rock surface colonized with lichens.
Malvern Water is a brand of bottled drinking water obtained from a spring in the range of Malvern Hills that marks the border between the counties of Herefordshire and Worcestershire in England. The water is a natural spring water from the hills that consist of very hard granite rock. Fissures in the rock retain rain water, which slowly permeates through, escaping at the springs. The springs release an average of about 60 litres a minute. The flow rate depends on rainfall and can vary from as little as 36 litres per minute to over 350 litres per minute.
Canned water is drinking water, including spring water, carbonated water and mineral water, packaged in tin cans or beverage cans.
Cupriavidus pauculus is a Gram-negative, nonfermentative, motile bacterium of the genus Cupriavidus and family Burkholderiaceae isolated from water from ultrafiltration systems and bottled mineral water. C. pauculus is associated with human infections.
Sphingomonas koreensis is a Gram-negative and aerobic bacteria from the genus of Sphingomonas which has been isolated from natural mineral water in Taejon in Korea. Sphingomonas koreensis can cause meningitis on humans.
Nocardioides fonticola is a Gram-positive and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Nocardioides which has been isolated from a freshwater spring in Kaohsiung on Taiwan.
