| Hermitage of Santo Spirito a Majella | |
|---|---|
Eremo di Santo Spirito a Majella | |
 View of the hermitage | |
| Religion | |
| Affiliation | Roman Catholic |
| Province | Province of Pescara |
| Region | Abruzzo |
| Location | |
| Municipality | Roccamorice |
| State | Italy |
| Architecture | |
| Completed | 11th-century |
Eremo di Santo Spirito a Majella (Italian for Hermitage of Santo Spirito a Majella) is an hermitage located in Roccamorice, Province of Pescara (Abruzzo, Italy). [1]
The date of the origin of the hermitage is unknown, although it is believed to be before the 11th century and founded by Benedictine monks from the Monastery of San Benedetto in Montecassino. The first historical source dates back to 1055 and reports the presence of the monk Desiderio, the future Pope Victor III, who built a church there. [2] In 1246, Pietro da Morrone, the future Pope Celestine V, resided there. He renovated the hermitage and built the oratory and a first cell, followed by a second oratory and additional cells as the community grew. [3]
At Pietro da Morrone's request, Pope Urban IV, in a letter dated June 1, 1263, asked the bishop of Chieti to incorporate the hermits of the hermitage into the Order of Saint Benedict, and in 1278 the hermitage was granted autonomy and the title of monastery. It remained the head of the Order until 1293, when the main monastery function of the Order was transferred to the Hermitage of Sant'Onofrio al Morrone. Between 1310 and 1317, the prior of the monastery was Roberto da Salle, and in 1347 it hosted Cola di Rienzo.
This was followed by a period of decline until 1586, when the hermitage was granted the title of Abbey. The Scala Santa was built to access the oratory of Santa Maria Maddalena, and on April 11, 1591, the bones of Stefano del Lupo were transferred to Santo Spirito from the monastery of Vallebona in Manoppello. At the end of the 17th century, Prince Caracciolo of San Buono built the three-story guesthouse building.
With the suppression of monastic orders in 1807, the monastery was definitively abandoned, and its contents were moved to Roccamorice.
Currently, the preserved parts of the hermitage include the church, the sacristy, and the remains of the monastery distributed over two floors, with the guesthouse and some cells.
The church likely had a portico composed of two arches. The entrance, restored at the end of the 16th century, bears the inscription "Ecclesia haec S. Spiritui ab Angelis consecrata, Aegris Medicina est, et Christi Fidelibus Dimittit Peccata Omnia" and at the center, "Porta Coeli."
The wooden portal, along with the statue of Saint Michael the Archangel and the tabernacle, dates back to 1894 when the church was reopened for worship.
The oldest part of the church is the presbytery, which features pointed arches characterized by ribs and two doors beside the altar leading to the choir. With the reopening of the church for worship, the works that had been transferred to the church of Roccamorice were brought back to the hermitage, such as the paintings of the Madonna, the Descent of the Holy Spirit in the Cenacle, a wooden statue of Christ, and a bust of Pope Celestine V. Additionally, there are two 19th-century canvases depicting Saint Joseph and Saint Helena.
The original core of the hermitage is located in the lower part of the church, carved into the rock. It has two entrances, the first of which leads to what is called the room of the Crucifix, from where, via some steps, one reaches another room that might have been the resting place of Pietro da Morrone. The second entrance leads to two rooms for the burial of the Caracciolo princes of San Buono. Following are a first block of service rooms on the ground floor and chambers on the upper floor, while a second section consists of six large rooms in a state of ruin.
The third building is the guesthouse, or Prince's House, which spans three floors. It can be accessed via a corridor carved into the rock. Near the entrance of the guesthouse is the Scala Santa, which, with 31 steps, leads among the ruins of other buildings. Another staircase with 76 steps reaches a large covered balcony. Two short staircases lead to the oratory of the Maddalena, carved into the rock spur inside the balcony.
The Celestines were a Roman Catholic monastic order, a branch of the Benedictines, founded in 1244. At the foundation of the new rule, they were called Hermits of St Damiano, or Moronites, and did not assume the appellation of Celestines until after the election of their founder, Peter of Morone, to the Papacy as Celestine V. They used the post-nominal initials O.S.B. Cel. The last house closed in 1785.
Pope Celestine V, born Pietro Angelerio, also known as Pietro da Morrone, Peter of Morrone, and Peter Celestine, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States for five months from 5 July to 13 December 1294, when he resigned. He was also a monk and hermit who founded the order of the Celestines as a branch of the Benedictine order.
Santa Maria di Collemaggio is a large medieval church in L'Aquila, central Italy. It was the site of the original Papal Jubilee, a penitential observation devised by Pope Celestine V, who is buried there. The church, which therefore ranks as a basilica because of its importance in religious history, sits in isolation at the end of a long rectangular sward of grass at the southwest edge of the town.
Roccamorice is a town and comune in the province of Pescara, Abruzzo, central Italy.
Palena is a comune and town in the province of Chieti in the Abruzzo region of Italy.
San Pietro a Majella is a church in Naples, Italy. The term may also refer to the adjacent Naples music conservatory, which occupies the premises of the monastery that used to form a single complex with the church.
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Eremo di Sant'Onofrio al Morrone is an hermitage located in Sulmona, Province of L'Aquila ., dating back to the thirteenth century. A monk by the name of Pietro Angelerio living at this hermitage later became Pope Celestine V. The hermitage is located at an altitude of 620 meters, and can only be reached via a steep path from the village of Badia, on the eastern edge of the Valle Peligna.
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