1347

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Gregorian calendar 1347
MCCCXLVII
Ab urbe condita 2100
Armenian calendar 796
ԹՎ ՉՂԶ
Assyrian calendar 6097
Balinese saka calendar 1268–1269
Bengali calendar 754
Berber calendar 2297
English Regnal year 20  Edw. 3  – 21  Edw. 3
Buddhist calendar 1891
Burmese calendar 709
Byzantine calendar 6855–6856
Chinese calendar 丙戌年 (Fire  Dog)
4044 or 3837
    — to —
丁亥年 (Fire  Pig)
4045 or 3838
Coptic calendar 1063–1064
Discordian calendar 2513
Ethiopian calendar 1339–1340
Hebrew calendar 5107–5108
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 - Vikram Samvat 1403–1404
 - Shaka Samvat 1268–1269
 - Kali Yuga 4447–4448
Holocene calendar 11347
Igbo calendar 347–348
Iranian calendar 725–726
Islamic calendar 747–748
Japanese calendar Jōwa 3
(貞和３年)
Javanese calendar 1259–1260
Julian calendar 1347
MCCCXLVII
Korean calendar 3680
Minguo calendar 565 before ROC
民前565年
Nanakshahi calendar −121
Thai solar calendar 1889–1890
Tibetan calendar 阳火狗年
(male Fire-Dog)
1473 or 1092 or 320
    — to —
阴火猪年
(female Fire-Pig)
1474 or 1093 or 321

Year 1347 ( MCCCXLVII ) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar, and a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Proleptic Gregorian calendar.

Contents

Events

January–December

Asia

Western Asia

The Mamluk Empire is hit by the plague in the autumn. [5] Baghdad is hit in the same year. [6]

South Asia

After years of resistance against the Delhi Sultan Muhammad bin Tughluq, the Bahmani Kingdom, a Muslim Sultanate in Deccan, was established on August 3, when King Ala-ud-din Hasan Bahman Shah was crowned in a mosque in Daulatabad. [7] Later in the year, the Kingdom's capital was moved from Daulatabad to the more central Gulbarga. [8] [9] Southeast Asia suffered a drought which dried up an important river which ran through the capital city of the Kingdom of Ayodhya, forcing the King to move the capital to a new location on the Lop Buri River. [10]

Europe

Eastern and Scandinavian

Citizens of Tournai bury plague victims. Miniature from "The Chronicles of Gilles Li Muisis" (1272-1352). Bibliotheque royale de Belgique, MS 13076-77, f. 24v. Doutielt3.jpg
Citizens of Tournai bury plague victims. Miniature from "The Chronicles of Gilles Li Muisis" (1272-1352). Bibliothèque royale de Belgique, MS 13076-77, f. 24v.

On February 2 the Byzantine Empire's civil war between John VI Kantakouzenos and the regency ended with John VI entering Constantinople. On February 8, an agreement was concluded with the empress Anna of Savoy, whereby he and John V Palaiologos would rule jointly. The agreement was finalized in May when John V married Kantakouzenos' 15-year-old daughter. The war had come at a high cost economically and territorially, and much of the Empire was in need of rebuilding. [11] To make matters worse, in May Genoese ships fleeing the Black Death in Kaffa stopped in Constantinople. The plague soon spread from their ships to the city. [12] By autumn, the epidemic had spread throughout the Balkans, possibly through contact with Venetian ports along the Adriatic Sea. [13] Specific cases were recorded in the northern Balkans on December 25, in the city of Split. [14]

After being proclaimed Tsar of Serbia in the previous year by the newly promoted Serbian Patriarch Joanikije II, Stefan Dušan continued his southern expansion by conquering Epirus, Aetolia and Acarnania, appointing his half-brother, despot Simeon Uroš as governor of those provinces.

Central

On May 20 Cola di Rienzo, a Roman commoner, declared himself Emperor of Rome in front of a huge crowd in response to what had been several years of power struggles among the upper-class barony. Pope Clement VI, along with several of Rome's upper-class nobility, united to drive him out of the city in November. [15] In October, Genoese ships arrived in southern Italy with the Black Plague, beginning the spread of the disease in the region. [12] [16] Jews were first accused of ritual murders in Poland in 1347. [17] Casimir III of Poland issues Poland's first codified collection of laws after the diet of Wiślica. Separate laws are codified for greater and lesser Poland. [18] [19]

Western Europe

In the continuing Hundred Years' War, the English won the city of Calais in a treaty signed in September. In a meeting with the Estates General in November, the French King Phillip was told that in the recent war efforts they had "lost all and gained nothing." [20] Phillip, however, was granted a portion of the money he requested and was able to continue his war effort. [21] The English King Edward offered Calais a package of economic boosts which would make Calais the key city connecting England with France economically. [22] Edward returned to England at that height of his popularity and power and for six months celebrated his successes with others in the English nobility. Although the Kingdom's funds were largely pushed towards the war, building projects among the more wealthy continued, with, for example, the completion of Pembroke College in this year. [21]

The French city of Marseilles recognized the plague on September 1 and by November 1 it had spread to Aix-en-Provence. The earliest recorded invasion of the plague into Spanish territory was in Majorca in December 1347, probably through commercial ships. [14] Three years of plague began in England. [23]

Births

Deaths

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Black Death</span> 1346–1353 pandemic in Eurasia and North Africa

The Black Death was a bubonic plague pandemic occurring in Europe from 1346 to 1353. One of the most fatal pandemics in human history, as many as 50 million people perished, perhaps 50% of Europe’s 14th century population. Bubonic plague is caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis and spread by fleas. One of the most significant events in European history, the Black Death had far-reaching population, economic, and cultural impacts.

The 1350s was a decade of the Julian Calendar which began on January 1, 1350, and ended on December 31, 1359.

Year 1346 (MCCCXLVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. It was a year in the 14th century, in the midst of a period known in European history as the Late Middle Ages. In Asia that year, the Black Death came to the troops of the Golden Horde Khanate; the disease also affected the Genoese Europeans they were attacking, before spreading to the rest of Europe. In Central and East Asia, there was a series of revolts after Kazan Khan was killed in an uprising, and the Chagatai Khanate began to splinter and fall; several revolts in China began what would eventually lead to the overthrow of the Yuan dynasty. The Indian kingdom of Vijayanagara won several victories over Muslim conquerors in the north in this year as well.

The 1370s was a decade of the Julian Calendar which began on January 1, 1370, and ended on December 31, 1379.

Year 1349 (MCCCXLIX) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar.

Year 1350 (MCCCL) was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar.

Year 1375 (MCCCLXXV) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">John V Palaiologos</span> Byzantine emperor from 1341 to 1391; with interruption

John V Palaiologos or Palaeologus was Byzantine emperor from 1341 to 1391, with interruptions. Becoming Byzantine emperor at age eight, this resulted in a civil war between his regent John VI Kantakouzenos and a rival council. During this time, Anna, his mother, pawned the crown jewels to Venice. It was during his reign that the Black Death struck Constantinople from 1346 to 1349. Shortly after, another civil war erupted in 1352, with John V seeking help from Serbia and John VI's son Matthew Kantakouzenos enlisted the Ottoman Turks. The Turks won, gaining their first European territory on former Byzantine soil.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">John VI Kantakouzenos</span> Byzantine emperor from 1347 to 1354

John VI Kantakouzenos or Cantacuzene was a Byzantine Greek nobleman, statesman, and general. He served as grand domestic under Andronikos III Palaiologos and regent for John V Palaiologos before reigning as Byzantine emperor in his own right from 1347 to 1354. Deposed by his former ward, he was forced to retire to a monastery under the name Joasaph Christodoulos and spent the remainder of his life as a monk and historian. At age 90 or 91 at his death, he was the longest-lived of the Roman emperors.

The House of Kantakouzenos, also found in English-language literature as Cantacuzenus or Cantacuzene, was a Byzantine Greek noble family that rose to prominence in the middle and late Byzantine Empire. The family became one of the empire's wealthiest landowners and provided several prominent governors and generals, as well as two Byzantine emperors between 1347–1357.

Events from the 1340s in England

Irene Asanina, was the empress consort of John VI Kantakouzenos of the Byzantine Empire. She is known to have participated in military issues in a degree uncommon for a Byzantine empress. She commanded the garrison of Didymoteicho during the Byzantine civil war of 1341–1347, and organized the defense of Constantinople against the Genoese in 1348, and the forces of John V in 1353.

Ole Jørgen Benedictow is a Norwegian historian. Having spent his entire professional career at the University of Oslo, he is especially known for his work on plagues, especially the Black Death.

Year 1345 (MCCCXLV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar. It was a year in the 14th century, in the midst of a period in human history often referred to as the Late Middle Ages.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Black Death migration</span> 1321–1353 pandemic

The Black Death was one of the most devastating pandemics in human history, resulting in the deaths of an estimated 75 to 200 million people in Eurasia, and peaking in Eurasia from 1321 to 1353. Its migration followed the sea and land trading routes of the medieval world. This migration has been studied for centuries as an example of how the spread of contagious diseases is impacted by human society and economics.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Black Death in England</span> 14th-century bubonic plague pandemic

The Black Death was a bubonic plague pandemic, which reached England in June 1348. It was the first and most severe manifestation of the second pandemic, caused by Yersinia pestis bacteria. The term Black Death was not used until the late 17th century.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Freston, Suffolk</span> Human settlement in England

Freston is a small village and civil parish in the Babergh district, in the county of Suffolk, England, located on the Shotley Peninsula, 4 miles south-east of Ipswich. In 2001 the parish had a population of 122, reducing slightly to 120 at the 2011 Census.

The Byzantine civil war of 1352–1357 was an armed conflict resulting from and following the Byzantine civil war of 1341–1347. The war pitted Byzantine emperor John V Palaiologos against John VI Kantakouzenos and his eldest son Matthew Kantakouzenos. John V emerged victorious as the sole emperor of the Byzantine Empire, but the destruction brought about by the civil war left the Byzantine state in ruins.

The siege of Guînes took place from May to July 1352 when a French army under Geoffrey de Charny unsuccessfully attempted to recapture the French castle at Guînes which had been seized by the English the previous January. The siege was part of the Hundred Years' War and took place during the uneasy and ill-kept truce of Calais.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hundred Years' War, 1345–1347</span> Series of European military campaigns

English offensives in 1345–1347, during the Hundred Years' War, resulted in repeated defeats of the French, the loss or devastation of much French territory and the capture by the English of the port of Calais. The war had broken out in 1337 and flared up in 1340 when the king of England, Edward III, laid claim to the French crown and campaigned in northern France. There was then a lull in the major hostilities, although much small-scale fighting continued.

References

  1. ↑ Vitale, Vito Antonio (1937). "Vignoso, Simone". Enciclopedia Italiana (in Italian).
  2. ↑ Setton, Kenneth M. (1976). The Papacy and the Levant (1204–1571), Volume I: The Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society. p. 207. ISBN   0-87169-114-0.
  3. ↑ Lock, Peter (2013). The Routledge Companion to the Crusades. Routledge. p. 127. ISBN   978-1135131371.
  4. ↑ Canale, Michele Giuseppe (1864). Nuova Istoria della repubblica di Genova. Epoca quarta (1339–1528): I dogi popolari. Florence: Felice Le Monnier. p. 151.
  5. ↑ Watts, Sheldon. Epidemics and History. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999. ISBN   0-300-08087-5 pp. 25–26
  6. ↑ Miller, Edward. The Cambridge Economic History of Europe. Cambridge: U.P, 1987. ISBN   0-521-08709-0 pp. 461
  7. ↑ Maren Goldberg and Thinley Kalsang Bhutia (2016). "Bahmani Sultanate". www.Britannica.com. Retrieved October 19, 2022.
  8. ↑ ISBN   0-7614-7635-0 pp. 335
  9. ↑ Britannica, Encyclopedia et al. Students' Britannica India. New Delhi: Encyclopædia Britannica (India), 2000. ISBN   0-85229-760-2 pp. 149
  10. ↑ Van Beek, Steve and Luca Invernizzi. The Arts of Thailand. Berkeley: Periplus Editions, 1999. ISBN   962-593-262-3 pp. 139
  11. ↑ Mango, Cyril. The Oxford History of Byzantium. Oxford Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, 2002. ISBN   0-19-814098-3 pp. 267
  12. 1 2 Benedictow, Ole and Ole Benedictow. The Black Death, 1346–1353. Ipswich: Boydell Press, 2004. ISBN   0-85115-943-5 pp. 51–54
  13. ↑ Benedictow, Ole and Ole Benedictow. The Black Death, 1346–1353. Ipswich: Boydell Press, 2004. ISBN   0-85115-943-5 pp. 74
  14. 1 2 Benedictow, Ole and Ole Benedictow. The Black Death, 1346–1353. Ipswich: Boydell Press, 2004. ISBN   0-85115-943-5 pp. 75
  15. ↑ Garwood, Duncan. Lonely Planet Rome: City Guides. Hawthorn: Lonely Planet Publications, 2006. ISBN   1-74059-710-9 pp. 70
  16. ↑ Corporation, Marshall. Exploring the Middle Ages. New York (Box 410: Marshall Cavendish Corporation, 2006. ISBN   0-7614-7615-6 pp. 99
  17. ↑ Weinryb, Bernard. The Jews of Poland. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America, 1973. ISBN   0-8276-0016-X pp. 27
  18. ↑ Fisher, HH. America and the New Poland. City: Fisher Press, 2007. ISBN   1-4067-5084-0 pp. xv
  19. ↑ Morfill, William. Poland. London: T. F. Unwin, 1893. ISBN   0-8369-9919-3 pp. 42
  20. ↑ Fraioli, Deborah. Joan of Arc and the Hundred Years War. Westport: Greenwood Press, 2005. ISBN   0-313-32458-1 pp. 106
  21. 1 2 Neillands, Robin. The Hundred Years War. New York: Routledge, 1990. ISBN   0-415-07149-6 pp. 109–110
  22. ↑ Corfis, Ivy and Michael Wolfe. The Medieval City under Siege. Ipswich: Boydell Press, 1999. ISBN   0-85115-756-4 pp. 55
  23. ↑ Stratton, J.M. (1969). Agricultural Records. John Baker. ISBN   0-212-97022-4.
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