1263

Last updated

Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
1263 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar 1263
MCCLXIII
Ab urbe condita 2016
Armenian calendar 712
ԹՎ ՉԺԲ
Assyrian calendar 6013
Balinese saka calendar 1184–1185
Bengali calendar 670
Berber calendar 2213
English Regnal year 47  Hen. 3   48  Hen. 3
Buddhist calendar 1807
Burmese calendar 625
Byzantine calendar 6771–6772
Chinese calendar 壬戌年 (Water  Dog)
3959 or 3899
     to 
癸亥年 (Water  Pig)
3960 or 3900
Coptic calendar 979–980
Discordian calendar 2429
Ethiopian calendar 1255–1256
Hebrew calendar 5023–5024
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat 1319–1320
 - Shaka Samvat 1184–1185
 - Kali Yuga 4363–4364
Holocene calendar 11263
Igbo calendar 263–264
Iranian calendar 641–642
Islamic calendar 661–662
Japanese calendar Kōchō 3
(弘長3年)
Javanese calendar 1173–1174
Julian calendar 1263
MCCLXIII
Korean calendar 3596
Minguo calendar 649 before ROC
民前649年
Nanakshahi calendar −205
Thai solar calendar 1805–1806
Tibetan calendar 阳水狗年
(male Water-Dog)
1389 or 1008 or 236
     to 
阴水猪年
(female Water-Pig)
1390 or 1009 or 237
King Haakon IV (left) is succeeded by his son Magnus VI (the Law-mender) HakonTheOldAndSkule-Flateyjarbok.jpg
King Haakon IV (left) is succeeded by his son Magnus VI (the Law-mender)

Year 1263 ( MCCLXIII ) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Contents

Events

By place

Byzantine Empire

  • Summer Emperor Michael VIII (Palaiologos) sends a Byzantine expeditionary force (some 3,500 men) led by his half-brother, Constantine Palaiologos, to the Peloponnese in southern Greece. The army is transported to Monemvasia on Genoese ships, while a small Byzantine fleet is sent to harass the Latin island holdings in Euboea and the Cyclades. After arriving at Monemvasia, Constantine lays siege to Lacedaemon (or Sparta), while the Byzantine fleet seizes the southern coast of Laconia. [1]
  • Battle of Prinitza: Constantine Palaiologos marches the Byzantine army up the rivers Eurotas and Alfeios towards the Achaean capital, Andravida. At a narrow pass at Prinitza (near Ancient Olympia) in Elis, the Byzantines are attacked by Achaean forces (some 300 horsemen) under John of Katavas, who inflict a resounding defeat upon them; many Byzantine soldiers are killed. Constantine himself barely escapes with his life, and flees with the remainder of his army to the safety of Mystras. [2] [3]
  • Battle of Settepozzi: A Byzantine-Genoese fleet (some 50 galleys) is routed by the Venetians near Spetses in the Argolic Gulf, who capture four ships and inflict considerable casualties. Later, the Genoese that survive the battle managed to capture Chania on Crete. They receive orders to avoid direct confrontations with the Venetian fleet, but instead are engaged in raiding against the Venetian merchant convoys in the Euripus Strait. [4]

Europe

England

Levant

  • April 4 Egyptian forces led by Sultan Baibars (or Abu al-Futuh) attack Acre, there is severe fighting outside the walls, in which the seneschal, Geoffrey of Sergines, is badly wounded. Baibars is not yet ready to besiege the city and begins a major campaign to eliminate the Crusader kingdom of Jerusalem, the county of Tripoli and the principality of Antioch. [9] [10]

By topic

Arts and Culture

Education

Markets

  • Edward (the Lord Edward), son and heir of King Henry III, seizes £10,000, which had been deposited to the trust of the Knights Templar in London, by foreign merchants and English magnates. [11]
  • The Bonsignori firm gains the full market of the transfer of fiscal revenue, from the papal estates to Rome. [12]

Religion

Births

Deaths

Related Research Articles

The 1200s began on January 1, 1200, and ended on December 31, 1209.

The 1260s is the decade starting January 1, 1260 and ending December 31, 1269.

1272 Calendar year

Year 1272 (MCCLXXII) was a leap year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar.

1217 Calendar year

Year 1217 (MCCXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar.

1203 Calendar year

Year 1203 (MCCIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. It was also the first year to have all digits different from each other since 1098.

1201 Calendar year

Year 1201 (MCCI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar.

1261 Calendar year

Year 1261 (MCCLXI) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar.

1264 Calendar year

Year 1264 (MCCLXIV) was a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar.

1266 Calendar year

Year 1266 (MCCLXVI) was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar.

Principality of Achaea Crusader principality in southern Greece

The Principality of Achaea or Principality of Morea was one of the three vassal states of the Latin Empire, which replaced the Byzantine Empire after the capture of Constantinople during the Fourth Crusade. It became a vassal of the Kingdom of Thessalonica, along with the Duchy of Athens, until Thessalonica was captured by Theodore, the despot of Epirus, in 1224. After this, Achaea became for a while the dominant power in Greece.

Despotate of the Morea Province of the Byzantine Empire

The Despotate of the Morea or Despotate of Mystras was a province of the Byzantine Empire which existed between the mid-14th and mid-15th centuries. Its territory varied in size during its existence but eventually grew to include almost all the southern Greek peninsula now known as the Peloponnese, which was known as the Morea during the medieval and early modern periods. The territory was usually ruled by one or more sons of the current Byzantine emperor, who were given the title of despotes. Its capital was the fortified city of Mystras, near ancient Sparta, which became an important centre of the Palaiologan Renaissance.

Byzantine army (Palaiologan era)

The Palaiologan army refers to the military forces of the Byzantine Empire under the rule of the Palaiologos dynasty, from the late 13th century to its final collapse in the mid-15th century. The army was a direct continuation of the forces of the Empire of Nicaea, which itself was a fractured component of the formidable Komnenian army of the 12th century. Under the first Palaiologan emperor, Michael VIII, the army's role took an increasingly offensive role whilst the naval forces of the empire, weakened since the days of Andronikos I Komnenos, were boosted to include thousands of skilled sailors and some 80 ships. Due to the lack of land to support the army, the empire required the use of large numbers of mercenaries.

Alexios Doukas Philanthropenos was a Byzantine nobleman and notable general. A relative of the ruling Palaiologos dynasty, he was appointed commander-in-chief in Asia Minor in 1293 and for a time re-established the Byzantine position there, scoring some of the last Byzantine successes against the Turkish beyliks. In 1295 he rose up in revolt against Andronikos II Palaiologos, but was betrayed and blinded. Nothing is known of him until 1323, when he was pardoned by Andronikos II and sent again against the Turks, relieving a siege of Philadelphia, allegedly by his mere appearance. He was then named briefly governor of Lesbos in 1328, and again in 1336, when he recovered the island's capital from Latin occupation. He ruled the island thereafter, probably until his death in the 1340s.

Constantine Palaiologos (half-brother of Michael VIII)

Constantine Palaiologos or Palaeologus was a Byzantine nobleman and the younger half-brother of the Byzantine Emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos.

Treaty of Nymphaeum (1261) Nicaean–Genoese trade and defense treaty

The Treaty of Nymphaeum was a trade and defense pact signed between the Empire of Nicaea and the Republic of Genoa in Nymphaion in March 1261. This treaty would have a major impact on both the restored Byzantine Empire and the Republic of Genoa that would later dictate their histories for several centuries to come.

Battle of Prinitza

The Battle of Prinitza was fought in 1263 between the forces of the Byzantine Empire, marching to capture Andravida, the capital of the Latin Principality of Achaea, and a small Achaean force. The Achaeans launched a surprise attack on the greatly superior and overconfident Byzantine force, defeated and scattered it, saving the principality from conquest.

Battle of Makryplagi

The Battle of Makryplagi or Makry Plagi was fought between the forces of the Byzantine Empire, and the Latin Principality of Achaea. The Byzantines had been weakened and demoralized by the defection of their numerous Turkish mercenaries to the Achaeans. At Makryplagi, the Byzantines suffered a heavy defeat, which together with their defeat at the Battle of Prinitza the previous year ended their attempted reconquest of the Morea.

Battle of Settepozzi 1263 battle off the island of Settepozzi

The Battle of Settepozzi was fought in the first half of 1263 off the island of Settepozzi between a Genoese–Byzantine fleet and a smaller Venetian fleet.

Reconquest of Constantinople 1261 battle between the Latin and Nicaean Empires

The Reconquest of Constantinople (1261) was the recapture of the city of Constantinople by the forces of the Empire of Nicaea, leading to the re-establishment of the Byzantine Empire under the Palaiologos dynasty, after an interval of 57 years where the city had been the capital of the Latin Empire installed by the Fourth Crusade in 1204.

Byzantine–Venetian treaty of 1268 1268 treaty between the Byzantine Empire and Venice

In 1268, the Byzantine Empire and the Republic of Venice agreed to temporarily end the hostilities which had erupted after the Byzantine recovery of Constantinople by Emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos in 1261.

References

  1. Bartusis, Mark C. (1997). The Late Byzantine Army: Arms and Society, 1204–1453, p. 49. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN   0-8122-1620-2.
  2. Bartusis, Mark C. (1977). The Late Byzantine Army: Arms and Society, 1204–1453, p. 50. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN   0-8122-1620-2.
  3. Longnon, Jean (1969). The Frankish States in Greece, 1204–1311, pp. 253–254. In Wolff, Robert Lee; Hazard, Harry W. (eds.). A History of the Crusades, Volume II: The Later Crusades, 1189–1311, pp. 234–275. University of Wisconsin Press. ISBN   0-299-06670-3.
  4. Lane, Frederic Chapin (1973). Venice, A Maritime Republic, p. 77. Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN   0-8018-1445-6.
  5. Helle, Knut (1995). Under kirke og kongemakt: 1130-1350, p. 196. Aschehougs Norgeshistorie. Vol. 3. Aschehoug. ISBN   8203220312.
  6. McDonald, Russell Andrew (1997). The Kingdom of the Isles: Scotland's Western Seaboard, c. 100–c. 1336, p. 115. Scottish Historical Monographs, Tuckwell Press. ISBN   1-898410-85-2.
  7. Picard, Christophe (2000). Le Portugal musulman (VIIIe-XIIIe siècle. L'Occident d'al-Andalus sous domination islamique. Paris: Maisonneuve & Larose. p. 110. ISBN   2-7068-1398-9.
  8. Willis-Bund, J W; Page, William, eds. (1924). "The city of Worcester: Introduction and borough". A History of the County of Worcester: Volume 4. London: British History Online, pp. 376–390. Retrieved: 20 May 2018.
  9. Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre, p. 265. ISBN   978-0241-29877-0.
  10. Williams, Hywel (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History, p. 145. ISBN   0-304-35730-8.
  11. Ferris, Eleanor (1902). "The Financial Relations of the Knights Templars to the English Crown". American Historical Review. 8 (1).
  12. Catoni, Giuliano. "BONSIGNORI". Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani. Retrieved December 20, 2011.