| Herophydrus musicus | |
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| Species: | H. musicus |
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| Herophydrus musicus (Klug, 1834) | |
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Herophydrus musicus, is a species of predaceous diving beetle found in Asia and Europe. [2] [3] [4]
The species is widely distributed throughout Middle East, European and Asian regions. It is found in Afghanistan, China, Europe, Iran, [5] Iraq, Israel, Kazakhstan, Myanmar, Nepal, North Africa, India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Syria, Tajikistan, Turkey, [6] Uzbekistan and Yemen. [7] It is the only species of the genus Herophydrus occurring on the European mainland. In Europe, the beetle is found in Spain, Italy, Greece, Malta, Maltese Islands, Ukraine, Armenia, Azerbaijan, the South European Territory of Russia, Canary Islands, Croatia, Bulgaria and the Greek island of Peloponnese. [8]
This small species has a body length of 2.88 to 3.60 mm. [9] Head shiny and pale ferrugineous in color sometimes there is a posteriorly narrow darkened area. Punctation in head is fine to rather fine, scattered and irregularly distributed. There is a densely punctate, narrow furrow at inner eye margin. Head almost totally pale and without dark interocular marking. Head frontal margin incomplete and laterally well-developed. Antenna pale ferrugineous. Pronotum shiny and with curved to almost straight lateral outline. It is pale ferrugineous in color. Anteriorly and posteriorly a fairly narrow darkened area is visible. Punctation dense to fairly dense and slightly irregularly distributed. Elytra pale ferrugineous and shiny, with dark ferrugineous to blackish variable markings. Some specimen has strongly reduced dark stripes. Elytral punctation is fine and densely distributed. Ventrum blackish to dark ferrugineous. Prothorax pale ferrugineous and shiny. Punctation coarse to rather fine and irregularly distributed. Legs are pale ferrugineous where lower parts of hindlegs are musch darker. Protarsi and mesotarsi are slightly enlarged. In male aedeagus obtuse and lacks sharp lateral flaps dorsally. [10]
Larva fusiformate. Sclerites are brownish. Stemmata present. Second antennomere lack second setae, whereas antennomere 3 lacks ventro-apical spinula. Prementum consists with lateral spinulae. [11]
It is a desert species inhabited in small, exposed, sparsely or only partly vegetated bodies of water on heavy loam and clay soils. Beetle larvae are found in shallow irrigation ponds, with substrate of sand and clay and with vegetation of Juncus and Typha angustifolia growth. [8]
The Dytiscidae – based on the Greek dytikos (δυτικός), "able to dive" – are the predaceous diving beetles, a family of water beetles. They occur in virtually any freshwater habitat around the world, but a few species live among leaf litter. The adults of most are between 1 and 2.5 cm (0.4–1.0 in) long, though much variation is seen between species. The European Dytiscus latissimus and Brazilian Megadytes ducalis are the largest, reaching up to 4.5 cm (1.8 in) and 4.75 cm (1.9 in) respectively. In contrast, the smallest is likely the Australian Limbodessus atypicali of subterranean waters, which only is about 0.9 mm (0.035 in) long. Most are dark brown, blackish, or dark olive in color with golden highlights in some subfamilies. The larvae are commonly known as water tigers due to their voracious appetite. They have short, but sharp mandibles and immediately upon biting, they deliver digestive enzymes into prey to suck their liquefied remains. The family includes more than 4,000 described species in numerous genera.
Copelatus taprobanicus is a species of diving beetle endemic to Sri Lanka. It is part of the genus Copelatus in the subfamily Copelatinae of the family Dytiscidae. It was described by Wewalka & Vazirani in 1985.
Neptosternus sinharajaicus is a species of beetle. Its holotype was found in Sri Lanka. The species is capable of flight, as all specimens were captured flying towards light in the evening.
Neptosternus ceylonicus is a species of beetle. Its holotype was found in Sri Lanka. The specimens were captured in running water or when flying towards light in the evening.
Cercyon (Cercyon) nigriceps, is a species of water scavenger beetle with cosmopolitan distribution from Palaearctic, Nearctic, Afrotropical, Oriental and Neotropical regional countries.
Hydrovatus castaneus, is a species of predaceous diving beetle found in India, Myanmar, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, and China.
Hydaticus vittatus, is a species of predaceous diving beetle found in India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Myanmar, China, Japan, Taiwan, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Malaysia and Indonesia.
Cybister tripunctatus, is a species of predaceous diving beetle found in India, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Sri Lanka, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Bhutan, China, Cyprus, Iran, Iraq, Japan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Russia, Syria, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Italy, Turkey, Uzbekistan and Europe.
Neptosternus starmuehlneri, is a species of predaceous diving beetle found in Sri Lanka.
Neptosternus taprobanicus, is a species of predaceous diving beetle found in Sri Lanka.
Laccophilus inefficiens, is a species of predaceous diving beetle found in India, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, China, Hong Kong, Japan, Taiwan, Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, Indonesia, Iran and Malaysia.
Cybister ventralis, is a species of predaceous diving beetle found in India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and China.
Hydaticus fabricii, is a species of predaceous diving beetle found in India, Afghanistan, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, China, Indonesia, Iran, Japan, Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam and Australia.
Hydaticus pacificus, is a species of predaceous diving beetle found in South and South East Asia.
Hyphoporus nilghiricus, is a species of predaceous diving beetle found in India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. Sometimes, the species is included into the genus Hygrotus by some authors.
Hydrovatus picipennis, is a species of predaceous diving beetle found in India, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Philippines, China and Thailand.
Hyphoporus pugnator, is a species of predaceous diving beetle found in India and Sri Lanka. The species is sometimes placed in the genus Hygrotus by some authors.
Hydrovatus lyratus, is a species of predaceous diving beetle widespread in South Asia, South East Asia and Australian region.
Microdytes maculatus, is a species of predaceous diving beetle found in India, Thailand, Southern Andaman Islands, Sri Lanka, China, Thailand, Laos and Myanmar.
Sandracottus jaechi, is a species of predaceous diving beetle found in Sri Lanka.
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