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Sulfur-reducing bacteria are microorganisms able to reduce elemental sulfur (S0) to hydrogen sulfide (H2S). These microbes use inorganic sulfur compounds as electron acceptors to sustain several activities such as respiration, conserving energy and growth, in absence of oxygen. The final product of these processes, sulfide, has a considerable influence on the chemistry of the environment and, in addition, is used as electron donor for a large variety of microbial metabolisms. Several types of bacteria and many non-methanogenic archaea can reduce sulfur. Microbial sulfur reduction was already shown in early studies, which highlighted the first proof of S0 reduction in a vibrioid bacterium from mud, with sulfur as electron acceptor and H
2 as electron donor. The first pure cultured species of sulfur-reducing bacteria, Desulfuromonas acetoxidans, was discovered in 1976 and described by Pfennig Norbert and Biebel Hanno as an anaerobic sulfur-reducing and acetate-oxidizing bacterium, not able to reduce sulfate. Only few taxa are true sulfur-reducing bacteria, using sulfur reduction as the only or main catabolic reaction. Normally, they couple this reaction with the oxidation of acetate, succinate or other organic compounds. In general, sulfate-reducing bacteria are able to use both sulfate and elemental sulfur as electron acceptors. Thanks to its abundancy and thermodynamic stability, sulfate is the most studied electron acceptor for anaerobic respiration that involves sulfur compounds. Elemental sulfur, however, is very abundant and important, especially in deep-sea hydrothermal vents, hot springs and other extreme environments, making its isolation more difficult. Some bacteria – such as Proteus, Campylobacter, Pseudomonas and Salmonella – have the ability to reduce sulfur, but can also use oxygen and other terminal electron acceptors.
Aciditerrimonas ferrireducens is a Gram-positive, iron-reducing, moderately thermophilic, short rod-shaped, acidophilic and motile bacterium from the genus Aciditerrimonas which has been isolated from soil from a solfataric field in Ōwakudani in Japan.
Thermasporomyces composti is a Gram-positive and thermophilic bacterium from the genus Thermasporomyces which has been isolated from compost on Japan.
Brockia lithotrophica is a thermophilic bacterium from the genus of Brockia which has been isolated from a sediment-water mixture from a hot spring in Uzon Caldera in Russia. This bacterium is rod shaped, spore-forming and obligate anaerobe. It is lithoautotroph and grows on a mineral medium with molecular sulfur, thiosulfate or polysulfide; it has optimal growth temperature in the range of 60 to 65 °C for pH 6.5, but it is able to grow between 46 °C (115 °F) and 78 °C (172 °F) and pH ranging from 5.5 to 8.5.
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Caldicoprobacter algeriensis is a Gram-positive, thermophilic, anaerobic and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Caldicoprobacter which has been isolated from a hot spring from Guelma in Algeria.
Calditerrivibrio is a genus of bacteria from the family of Deferribacteraceae with one known species. Calditerrivibrio nitroreducens has been isolated from a hot spring from Yumata in Japan.
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References
- 1 2 Parte, A.C. "Hippea". LPSN .
- ↑ "Hippea maritima Taxon Passport - StrainInfo". www.straininfo.net.
- ↑ "Hippea maritima". www.uniprot.org.
- ↑ Parker, Charles Thomas; Taylor, Dorothea; Garrity, George M (2011). Parker, Charles Thomas; Garrity, George M (eds.). "Nomenclature Abstract for Hippea maritima". The NamesforLife Abstracts. doi:10.1601/nm.3465 (inactive 2024-04-17).
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of April 2024 (link) - ↑ "Details: DSM-10411". www.dsmz.de.
- ↑ Miroshnichenko, ML; Rainey, FA; Rhode, M; Bonch-Osmolovskaya, EA (July 1999). "Hippea maritima gen. nov., sp. nov., a new genus of thermophilic, sulfur-reducing bacterium from submarine hot vents". International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology. 49 Pt 3 (3): 1033–8. doi: 10.1099/00207713-49-3-1033 . PMID 10425760.
