| Huffmanela lata | |
|---|---|
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| Egg of Huffmanela lata | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Nematoda |
| Class: | Enoplea |
| Order: | Trichocephalida |
| Family: | Trichosomoididae |
| Genus: | Huffmanela |
| Species: | H. lata |
| Binomial name | |
| Huffmanela lata Justine, 2005 | |
Huffmanela lata is a parasitic nematode. [1] It has been observed on the skin of the grey reef shark Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos off New Caledonia. This species has only been reported once in the scientific literature. [1]
The adults of Huffmanela lata are unknown, only the eggs were described. [1] The eggs are 77–88 (mean 84) micrometers in length and 52–63 (mean 57) micrometers in width, with a thick (6–8 micrometers) shell, apparently spinose. Mobile larvae, 200–250 micrometers in length, were visible in the eggs.
As it is often the case for species of Huffmanela , the species was found because the accumulation of its eggs produced a black spot; in this particular case, the black spot was on the skin of the shark, near the gill. No adult were found. [1]
The biology of Huffmanela lata is unknown. Its eggs are probably released from the skin with the turnover of living tissues and immediately continue their life-cycle. The intervention of an intermediary host in the life-cycle (possibly an invertebrate) is possible, as it has been suggested for other species of Huffmanela . [2] However, it is also possible that transmission of the parasite from shark to shark occurs when sharks congregate and skin-to-skin contacts between sharks are frequent. [1] Other species of Huffmanela are known from other sharks. [3] [4]
The grey reef shark is a species of requiem shark, in the family Carcharhinidae. One of the most common reef sharks in the Indo-Pacific, it is found as far east as Easter Island and as far west as South Africa. This species is most often seen in shallow water near the drop-offs of coral reefs. It has the typical "reef shark" shape, with a broad, round snout and large eyes. It can be distinguished from similar species by the plain or white-tipped first dorsal fin, the dark tips on the other fins, the broad, black rear margin on the tail fin, and the lack of a ridge between the dorsal fins. Most individuals are less than 1.88 m (6.2 ft) long.
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Like humans and other animals, fish suffer from diseases and parasites. Fish defences against disease are specific and non-specific. Non-specific defences include skin and scales, as well as the mucus layer secreted by the epidermis that traps microorganisms and inhibits their growth. If pathogens breach these defences, fish can develop inflammatory responses that increase the flow of blood to infected areas and deliver white blood cells that attempt to destroy the pathogens.
Huffmanela branchialis is a parasitic nematode It has been observed on the gills of the fork-tailed threadfin bream Nemipterus furcosus, a nemipterid marine fish off New Caledonia. Its eggs are released from the gill mucosa with the turnover of living tissues and immediately continue their life-cycle.
Huffmanela filamentosa is a parasitic nematode It has been observed on the gills of the lethrinid fish Gymnocranius oblongus and Gymnocranius grandoculis off New Caledonia. Its eggs are released from the gill mucosa with the turnover of living tissues and immediately continue their life-cycle.
Huffmanela ossicola is a parasitic nematode. It has been observed in the branchial arch bone and the spinal cord bone of the labrid marine fishes Bodianus loxozonus, Bodianus busellatus and Bodianus perditio caught off New Caledonia. This is the first species of Huffmanela reported from bone tissue. Its eggs are only available for the continuation of the life-cycle after the host's death.
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