Hummer H1

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Hummer H1
94-00 AM General Hummer soft top.jpg
Hummer HMC Soft Top
Overview
Manufacturer AM General
Also calledHummer HMC (1992–2002) HUMMW (HUMMVee)
Production1992–2006 (11,818 produced)
Model years 1992–2004
2006
Assembly Mishawaka, Indiana, U.S.
Body and chassis
Class Full-size SUV / Full-size pickup truck
Body style 4-door Open Top - HMCO
4-door SUV - HMCS
4-door Hard Top - HMC4
2-door Fleet - KSC2
2-door Pickup - XLC2
Layout Front-mid engine, four-wheel drive
Related Humvee military vehicle
Powertrain
Engine 5.7 L L05 V8
6.2 L Detroit Diesel V8
6.5 L Detroit Diesel V8
6.5 L Detroit Diesel V8 (turbo)
6.6 L Duramax Turbo-Diesel V8
Transmission GM TH400/3L80 3-speed automatic
GM 4L80-E 4-speed automatic
Allison 1000 5-speed automatic
Dimensions
Wheelbase 130 in (3,302 mm)
Length184.5 in (4,686 mm) [1]
Width86.5 in (2,197 mm)
Height77 in (1,956 mm)
2004–06: 79 in (2,007 mm)
Pre-2003 Wagon: 75 in (1,905 mm)
Chronology
Successor Hummer H2

The Hummer H1 is a full-size four-wheel-drive utility vehicle based on the M998 Humvee, which was developed by AM General when it was a subsidiary of American Motors Corporation (AMC). [2] Originally designed strictly for military use, the off-road vehicle was released to the civilian market.

Contents

The civilian version was produced from 1992 through 2006 and was the first of what became the Hummer line. [3] AM General built both the H1 and the Humvee in its Mishawaka, Indiana, facility. GM stopped marketing the H1 in the 2006 model year, but AM General continued production of the military Humvee versions through 2018. [4]

History

On March 22, 1983, AM General Corporation was awarded a production contract for 55,000 High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicles (HMMWV). [5] [6] Nicknamed the Humvee, the vehicles were used by the U.S. military and featured in photographs from the Persian Gulf War during the early 1990s. [5] The vehicle was also promoted by actor Arnold Schwarzenegger, who was so interested in the Humvee design that he specifically advocated for AM General to produce a civilian version of the vehicle. After the Gulf War was over, AM General modified the M998 Humvee military version for the civilian marketplace powered by 6.2 L GM Diesel V8 engine. [7] The civilian version of the Humvee, marketed as the Hummer, went on sale in 1992. [5] [8] The interior was largely influenced by semi-trucks.

Under a 1999 deal, General Motors bought marketing rights to the Hummer name, began marketing Hummer-branded vehicles designed by GM, and rebadged the original version built by AM General as the Hummer H1. [9] At the time, GM began marketing the Hummer H2 that was also assembled by AM General on a modified GMC Sierra 2500HD chassis.

General Motors announced that 2006 would be the last model year for the Hummer H1, with civilian market production winding down in June 2006 due to new emission regulations for diesel-engined vehicles that were to take effect in 2007. The final 2006 models had the most powerful engine and also improved fuel efficiency—about 10 mpgUS (24 L/100 km; 12 mpgimp). [10]

AM General continued the production of military Humvee versions until 2018.

Specifications

The Hummer H1 was available in three major variants: a convertible-like soft top, a four-door hard top Sport Utility Truck, and an "Alpha Wagon" body version. Less known variants were a two-door pickup truck and a four-door slantback, which shares the same body style as the Humvee employed by the U.S. Military. The convertible/soft top and the station SUV versions were the last types available to individual consumers.

There were five engine types and three automatic transmission types available. Typical engine/automatic transmission combinations included:

The Hummer H1 shares some common driveline parts with the HMMWV. These include brakes, axles, and frame, as well as major body panels (hood, tailgate, and quarter panels) that are shared between the HMMWV and Hummer H1. All H1s and HMMWVs were produced on the same assembly line; of which the civilian H1s were painted and finished in a separate building.

The H1 models feature a wide track and 86.5 in width due to the original Humvees necessity to be able to drive in the tracks left by military tanks. They can ford 30 inches (762 mm) of water and climb a 22-inch (559 mm) step. The standard 16-inch (406 mm) ground clearance is achieved by positioning driveline components high inside a wide channel in the center of the passenger compartment, meaning that despite the large interior volume, the H1 only had seating for four. Approach and departure angles are 72 and 37.5 degrees. A Central Tire Inflation System (CTIS) controls the tire air pressure allowing lower tire pressures for off-road and higher tire pressures on-road. [11]

Other features include inboard brakes and portal gears to position drivetrain's half shafts higher for greater ground clearance. The radiator is mounted high, sloping over the engine on a forward-hinged hood. The air intake is high, enabling the H1 to ford waist-level water. Options included magnesium-aluminum alloy or rubber inserts for run-flat tire ability. [12] Other options include leather seats, a winch kit, and running boards. [12]

2006 H1 Alpha

Hummer H1 Enclosed Hummer H1 Alpha Wagon.jpg
Hummer H1 Enclosed

The "Alpha" was a re-engineered H1 equipped with GM's 6.6 L Duramax Diesel and 5-speed Allison transmission. This replaced the previous GM 6.5 L diesel engine.

The update program commenced in late 2002 with a production launch in the fall of 2004. To fit into the H1 engine bay, 23 engine component changes were incorporated as well as a 2.0 in (51 mm) body lift to accommodate the taller engine and its turbo housing (a prior 0.5 in (13 mm) lift had been done for MY96 to accommodate the turbo on the 6.5 L engine). The 8th digit of the VIN is 3, setting this version of the 6.6L Duramax apart from the versions used in pickup trucks. [13] The GMT560 engine output was 300 hp (220 kW) and 520 lb⋅ft (705 N⋅m) of torque. The engine was equipped with cooled exhaust gas recirculation and an internal engine oil cooler, thus, requiring a 40% heat rejection increase to engine coolant. Because space was limited between the air-lift brackets that protruded from the hood, the fan system was modified by putting it directly under the cool pack and driving it through a special gearbox directly off the crankshaft damper pulley. Several other cooling system modifications were required to assist with cold starting from −30 °F (−34 °C).

Other major modifications included the use of special high-strength steel in the chassis frame, a more powerful steering gear; quieter axle differentials, redesign of the geared hubs to use quieter helical gears, new induction, exhaust, and electrical power systems; and re-engineering of the fuel supply and filtration system.

The Duramax engine delivered more torque at lower engine speeds than the 6.5 L, combined with a lower gearing ratio (about 44.5 to 1 in the low lock) made the vehicle more powerful. Other changes included centralized tire inflation and a new interior.

Production launch was early in 2005 with vehicles built classified as model year 2006 - the 10th digit in VIN is a 6.

The program was canceled in May 2006, because sales of the nearly $129,000 vehicle had not improved, with production ending in June 2006. [14]

The Hummer brand

On June 2, 2009, General Motors attempted a sale of its Hummer brand to a Chinese company, Tengzhong, as part of its bankruptcy settlement. By October 2009, an agreement was reached following a year-long effort by GM to unload a brand "that had become synonymous with gas-guzzling excess." [15]

On February 24, 2010, General Motors announced that the company was shutting down its Hummer brand due to Tengzhong withdrawing its bid. Tengzhong stated that the bid was withdrawn due to a failure to get approval from the Chinese government. [16] [17]

On January 30, 2020, General Motors announced the revival of the Hummer nameplate, which would be used as a new electric off-road vehicle within its GMC brand. The new vehicle, now known as the GMC Hummer EV, will have two variants, an SUV and a truck ("SUT"). [18]

Production

Model yearProduction
1992316
1993612
1994718
19951,432
19961,374
19971,209
1998945
1999831
20001,333
2001869
2002704
2003494
2004252
20050
2006729
Total11,818

While there was no 2005 model year Hummer H1, the 2006 model year H1 Alphas were manufactured in both 2005 and 2006. A total of 448 H1 Alphas were produced from January through May 2005, and 281 H1 Alphas were produced from September 2005 through May 2006, when the production for the Hummer H1 officially ended.

in 2017, VLF Automotive was contracted to build about 100 H1s from kits supplied by AM General. [19] Called the Humvee C-Series, these will be exported to Africa, Europe, the Middle East, and China. [19]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hummer</span> American brand of vehicles (1992–2010 and 2020 on)

Hummer is a brand of pickups and SUVs first marketed in 1992 when AM General began selling a civilian version of the M998 Humvee. Although discontinued in 2010, Hummer returned as a model under GMC in 2020. In 1998, General Motors (GM) purchased the brand name from AM General and marketed three vehicles: the original Hummer H1, based on the military Humvee, as well as the new H2 and H3 models that were based on smaller, civilian-market GM platforms.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Humvee</span> Family of light military vehicles

The High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle is a family of light, four-wheel drive, military trucks and utility vehicles produced by AM General. It has largely supplanted the roles previously performed by the original jeep, and others such as the Vietnam War-era M151 Jeep, the M561 "Gama Goat", their M718A1 and M792 ambulance versions, the Commercial Utility Cargo Vehicle, and other light trucks. Primarily used by the United States military, it is also used by numerous other countries and organizations and even in civilian adaptations.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">AM General</span> American heavy vehicle manufacturer

AM General is an American heavy vehicle and contract automotive manufacturer based in South Bend, Indiana. It is best known for the civilian Hummer and the military Humvee that are assembled in Mishawaka, Indiana. From 1974–1979 the company also manufactured transit buses, making more than 5,400 of them.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chevrolet Silverado</span> Range of trucks manufactured by General Motors under Chevrolet

The Chevrolet Silverado is a range of trucks manufactured by General Motors under the Chevrolet brand. Introduced for the 1999 model year, the Silverado is the successor to the long-running Chevrolet C/K model line. Taking its name from the top trim level from the Chevrolet C/K series, the Silverado is offered as a series of full-size pickup trucks, chassis cab trucks, and medium-duty trucks. The fourth generation of the model line was introduced for the 2019 model year.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Duramax V8 engine</span> Reciprocating internal combustion engine

The Duramax V8 engine is a family of 6.6-liter diesel V8 engines produced by DMAX, a wholly owned subsidiary of General Motors in Moraine, Ohio. The Duramax block and heads are supplied from reliable vendors of General Motors. This engine was initially installed in 2001 Chevrolet and GMC trucks, and has since become an option in pickups, vans, and medium-duty trucks. In 2006, production at Moraine was reportedly limited to approximately 200,000 engines per year. On May 9, 2007, DMAX announced the production of the 1,000,000th Duramax V8 at its Moraine facility, followed by the 2,000,000th on March 24, 2017.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chevrolet Tahoe</span> American sport utility vehicle

The Chevrolet Tahoe, and its badge-engineered GMC Yukon counterpart, are full-size SUVs and other trucks from General Motors, offered since 1994 and 1991, respectively. Since 1982, Chevrolet and GMC sold two different-sized SUVs under their "Blazer" and "Jimmy" nameplates, by introducing the smaller S-10 Blazer and GMC S-15 Jimmy for the 1983 model year, below the full-size Blazer and Jimmy models. This situation lasted into the early 1990s. GMC first rebadged the full-size Jimmy as the "Yukon" in 1991. Chevrolet however waited until 1994, when they rebadged the redesigned mid-size S-10 Blazer the "new Blazer," while renaming the full-size Blazer as the "Tahoe." The name Tahoe refers to the rugged and scenic area surrounding Lake Tahoe in the western United States, and was originally used as a trim level on S-10 models. The name Yukon refers to the Yukon territory of northern Canada.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chevrolet Colorado</span> Motor vehicle

The Chevrolet Colorado, is a series of compact pickup trucks marketed by American automaker General Motors. They were introduced in 2004 to replace the Chevrolet S-10 and GMC S-15/Sonoma compact pickups. The Colorado is named after the U.S. state of Colorado, while the Canyon took its name from the deep chasm between cliffs.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chevrolet Express</span> Motor vehicle

The Chevrolet Express is a series of full-size vans produced by General Motors since 1996. The successor to the Chevrolet G-series van, the Express is produced in passenger and cargo variants. Alongside the standard van body, the line is offered as a cutaway van chassis; the latter vehicle is a chassis cab variant developed for commercial-grade applications, including ambulances, buses, motorhomes, and small trucks.

Turbo-Hydramatic or Turbo Hydra-Matic is the registered tradename for a family of automatic transmissions developed and produced by General Motors. These transmissions mate a three-element turbine torque converter to a Simpson planetary geartrain, providing three forward speeds plus reverse.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">DMAX (engines)</span> American Diesel engine manufacturer

DMAX is an American manufacturer of the Duramax V8 diesel engines for trucks, based in Dayton, Ohio. Engine production began in Moraine, Ohio in 2000.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hummer H3</span> Off-road vehicle produced from 2006 to 2010

The Hummer H3 is an off-road vehicle that was produced from 2005 to 2010 by General Motors. The smallest model of the Hummer lineup, it was offered as a 5-door SUV or a 4-door pickup truck known as the H3T. Unlike the larger H1 and H2 models, the H3 was not developed by AM General. It was introduced for the 2006 model year, based on a modified GMT355 that underpinned the Chevrolet Colorado/GMC Canyon compact pickup trucks that were also built at GM's Shreveport Operations in Shreveport, Louisiana and the Port Elizabeth plant in South Africa. While mechanically related to the Colorado and Canyon, GM claims they share only 10% of their components, with the chassis modified and reinforced for heavy off-road duties.

Flint Engine Operations is a General Motors automobile engine factory in Flint, Michigan. The plant opened in 2002 and is named to replace the Flint North engine plant. The plant currently produces the small four-cylinder SGE and Duramax I6 engines. The factory receives cast engine blocks from Defiance Foundry in Defiance, Ohio and Saginaw Metal Casting Operations in Saginaw, Michigan. It replaced Flint North.

The 4L80-E is a series of automatic transmissions from General Motors. Designed for longitudinal engine configurations, the series included 4 forward gears. It was the 4-speed electronically commanded evolution of the 3-speed Turbo-Hydramatic 400, first produced in October 1963. 4L80-Es were optioned only in Chevrolet/GMC pickups, vans, and commercial vehicles, and the Hummer H1. It was also adopted by Rolls-Royce in 1991 and modified after extensive testing, and used initially in the Bentley Continental R, and subsequently other Rolls-Royce and Bentley vehicles. The 4L80 and 4L85 were built at Willow Run Transmission in Ypsilanti, Michigan.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Detroit Diesel V8 engine</span> Reciprocating internal combustion engine

The General Motors–Detroit Diesel V8 engine is a series of diesel V8 engines first introduced by General Motors for their C/K pickup trucks in 1982. Developed in collaboration with GM subsidiary Detroit Diesel, the engine family was produced by GM through 2002, when it was replaced by the new Duramax line. AM General's subsidiary General Engine Products (GEP) still produces a military variant of this engine for the HMMWV.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chevrolet Kodiak</span> Series of medium-duty trucks by General Motors

The Chevrolet Kodiak and GMC TopKick are a range of medium-duty trucks that were produced by the Chevrolet and GMC divisions of General Motors from 1980 to 2009. Introduced as a variant of the medium-duty C/K truck line, three generations were produced. Slotted between the C/K trucks and the GMC Brigadier Class 8 conventional, the Kodiak/TopKick were developed as a basis for vocationally oriented trucks, including cargo haulers, dump trucks, and similar vehicles; on later generations, both cutaway and cowled-chassis variants were produced for bus use.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">GMT800</span> Motor vehicle platform

The GMT800 was a General Motors full-size truck platform used from the 1999 through 2009 model years. It is the foundation for the Chevrolet Silverado and GMC Sierra pickups; and the derivative GMT820 and GMT830 versions for the Chevrolet Tahoe/GMC Yukon and the Chevrolet Suburban/GMC Yukon XL full-size SUVs, respectively. This platform was the successor to the GMT400 series of C/K pickups and SUVs, and was replaced for 2007 by the GMT900 line.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Toyota Mega Cruiser</span> Full-size four-wheel-drive SUV manufactured by Toyota

The Toyota Mega Cruiser is a large, heavy-duty four-wheel-drive SUV introduced by Toyota in 1995. As the largest 4WD vehicle ever built by Toyota, its design resembles that of the Humvee and Hummer H1.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Commercial Utility Cargo Vehicle</span> Motor vehicle

The Commercial Utility Cargo Vehicle, later the Light Service Support Vehicle (LSSV), is a vehicle program instituted to provide the United States military with light utility vehicles based on a civilian truck chassis.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Humvee clone manufacturing in China</span> Industry

There are at least three Chinese automobile manufacturers building Humvee clones. One of these, the Dongfeng "Hanma" rely on imported U.S. made parts including Hummer H1 chassis and GM V8 6.5L diesel engines. Currently, these companies have the capability of making indigenous parts for these Humvee-like vehicles.

References

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  12. 1 2 "1999 Hummer brochure index page". oldcarbrochures.org. Retrieved 24 December 2022.
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  19. 1 2 Szymkowski, Sean (9 May 2017). "VLF Is Now Building And Selling The Hummer H1 To China". gmauthority.com. Retrieved 24 December 2022.