Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) is the ability of electrical equipment and systems to function acceptably in their electromagnetic environment, by limiting the unintentional generation, propagation and reception of electromagnetic energy which may cause unwanted effects such as electromagnetic interference (EMI) or even physical damage in operational equipment. The goal of EMC is the correct operation of different equipment in a common electromagnetic environment. It is also the name given to the associated branch of electrical engineering.
Electromagnetic interference (EMI), also called radio-frequency interference (RFI) when in the radio frequency spectrum, is a disturbance generated by an external source that affects an electrical circuit by electromagnetic induction, electrostatic coupling, or conduction. The disturbance may degrade the performance of the circuit or even stop it from functioning. In the case of a data path, these effects can range from an increase in error rate to a total loss of the data. Both man-made and natural sources generate changing electrical currents and voltages that can cause EMI: ignition systems, cellular network of mobile phones, lightning, solar flares, and auroras. EMI frequently affects AM radios. It can also affect mobile phones, FM radios, and televisions, as well as observations for radio astronomy and atmospheric science.
In radio reception, radio noise is unwanted random radio frequency electrical signals, fluctuating voltages, always present in a radio receiver in addition to the desired radio signal. Radio noise near in frequency to the radio signal being received interferes with it in the receiver's circuits. Radio noise is a combination of natural electromagnetic atmospheric noise created by electrical processes in the atmosphere like lightning, manmade radio frequency interference (RFI) from other electrical devices picked up by the receiver's antenna, and thermal noise present in the receiver input circuits, caused by the random thermal motion of molecules.
A quasi-peak detector is a type of electronic detector or rectifier. Quasi-peak detectors for specific purposes have usually been standardized with mathematically precisely defined dynamic characteristics of attack time, integration time, and decay time or fall-back time.
Raj Mittra is an Indian-born electrical engineer and academician. He is currently a professor of electrical engineering at University of Central Florida. Previously, he was a faculty member at University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign and Pennsylvania State University, where he was the director of the Electromagnetic Communication Laboratory of the Electrical Engineering department. His specialities include computational electromagnetics and communication antenna design.
Levent Gürel is a Turkish scientist and electrical engineer. He was the director of Computational Electromagnetics Research Center (BiLCEM) and a professor in the Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering at the Bilkent University, Turkey until November 2014. Currently, he is serving as an adjunct professor at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering. He is also serving as the founder and CEO of ABAKUS Computing Technologies.
Farhad Rachidi is an Iranian-Swiss scientist.
Karu P. Esselle is an Australian scholar, professor, inventor and engineer. He is the Distinguished Professor in Electromagnetic and Antenna Engineering at University of Technology Sydney, Australia. He was named Australia's Professional Engineer of the Year for 2022 by Engineers Australia - the national body that oversees engineering practice and profession in Australia. He is also a visiting professor of electronic engineering at Macquarie University in Sydney, Australia.
Marcos Rubinstein is a professor and chair at the University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Western Switzerland in Yverdon-les-Bains, Switzerland.
Ulrich Jakobus is Senior Vice President - Electromagnetic Solutions of Altair, Germany and was awarded Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 2013 for leadership in hybrid computational tool development and commercialization. His research laid the foundations for the commercial electromagnetics code FEKO which is used in antenna design, antenna placement, electromagnetic compatibility, microwave components, bioelectromagnetics, radar cross section and related fields.
Vernon Cooray is a Sri Lankan scientist who is an emeritus professor at the Department of Electrical Engineering at Uppsala University, Sweden. As a scientist he has concentrated on solving both physics and engineering problems related to lightning physics, lightning protection and physics of electrical discharges. This research work has resulted in more than 600 research publications. He was the Ph.D. thesis supervisor of more than thirty researchers, both at Uppsala and foreign universities, who are now actively engaged in lightning research and lightning protection in different parts of the world.
The Smart Cities EMC Network for Training (SCENT) is a project funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 812391. It is a Ph.D training network program in the field of Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) especially in the smart cities application. Three universities and twelve industries collaborate in SCENT project. Supported by the IEEE EMC Society Technical Committee 7: besides Ph.D training program, SCENT project also performs scientific training programs and social outreach programs.
Switching Control Techniques address electromagnetic interference (EMI) mitigation on power electronics (PE). The design of power electronics involves overcoming three key challenges:
- power losses
- EMI
- harmonics
Common mode current is the portion of conductor currents that are unmatched with the exactly opposite and equal magnitude currents. Common mode current cause multiconductors to act or behave like a single conductor. In electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), there are two common terms that will be found in many electromagnetic interference discussions or considered as fundamental concepts, those are Differential Mode and Common Mode. Those terms are related to coupling mechanisms. Many electrical systems contain elements that are capable to act like an antenna. Each element is capable of unintentionally emitting Radio Frequency energy through electric, magnetic, and electromagnetic means. Common Mode coupling as well as Differential Mode coupling can occur in both a conducted and radiated way.
Yihong Qi is an engineer, professor, entrepreneur, and inventor. His work focuses on networking science and technology. Qi is currently an adjunct professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the Missouri University of Science and Technology. He is a Fellow of The Canadian Academy of Engineering and of the National Academy of Inventors. Qi's research has led to the founding of five independent companies.
Donald Nestor Heirman was an American electrical engineer, U.S. Navy Commander, electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) expert, and IEEE Life Fellow. He was a major contributor to international EMC standardization, serving as president of the IEEE Standards Association, and chair of the International Special Committee on Radio Interference (CISPR). He received the IEC Lord Kelvin Award in 2008, among other awards.
ETUT is a research project funded by the European Commission's Horizon 2020 program under the Marie Sktodowska-Curie Actions Innovative Training Networks scheme. The project, undertaken by a collaborative effort of the University of Twente, the University of Nottingham, and Dnipro National University of Railway Transport, aims to develop efficient interfacing technology for more-electric transport amidst the ever-increasing demand in transportation systems which contribute to increased carbon dioxide emissions. The project has employed 12 Early Stage Researches who will work closely with six industrial partners to improve upon the existing electrical and energy storage systems that will help in alleviating the reliance on non-renewable energy sources for large-scale transportation systems such as railways and maritime transport. The project is segregated into two main groups with one focusing on power electronics for efficient use of energy resources in power delivery, and the other on electromagnetic compatibility of such systems.
Random pulse width modulation (RPWM) is a modulation technique introduced for mitigating electromagnetic interference (EMI) of power converters by spreading the energy of the noise signal over a wider bandwidth, so that there are no significant peaks of the noise. This is achieved by randomly varying the main parameters of the Pulse Width Modulation signal.
Low frequency electromagnetic compatibility (LF EMC) is a specific field in the domain of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) and power quality (PQ), that deals with electromagnetic interference phenomena in the frequency range between 2 kHz and 150 kHz. It is a special frequency range, because it does not fit in the PQ problems, with range of up to 2 kHz (3 kHz in 60 Hz mains frequency systems, such as the United States), where relative levels of voltage and current can have massive impact on efficiency and integrity of electric systems, and neither in the conducted EMC range, which starts at 150 kHz and influences mainly informational systems, and already too far from radiated EMC range, which starts at 30 MHz and goes up to 1 GHz. This is a newer field of interest in PQ and EMC, stated by the fact that the professional community has not reached a consensus on terminology, LF EMC harmonics being called supraharmonics., and another fact being a void in standards considering the LF EMC frequency range.
