The insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are proteins with high sequence similarity to insulin. IGFs are part of a complex system that cells use to communicate with their physiologic environment. This complex system consists of two cell-surface receptors, two ligands, a family of seven high-affinity IGF-binding proteins, as well as associated IGFBP degrading enzymes, referred to collectively as proteases.
Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), also called somatomedin C, is a hormone similar in molecular structure to insulin which plays an important role in childhood growth, and has anabolic effects in adults.
The insulin-like growth factor-binding protein (IGFBP) serves as a transport protein for insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1).
Transcriptional repressor CTCF also known as 11-zinc finger protein or CCCTC-binding factor is a transcription factor that in humans is encoded by the CTCF gene. CTCF is involved in many cellular processes, including transcriptional regulation, insulator activity, V(D)J recombination and regulation of chromatin architecture.
Insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor (IGF2R), also called the cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor (CI-MPR) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IGF2R gene. IGF2R is a multifunctional protein receptor that binds insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) at the cell surface and mannose-6-phosphate (M6P)-tagged proteins in the trans-Golgi network.
Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3, also known as IGFBP-3, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IGFBP3 gene. IGFBP-3 is one of six IGF binding proteins that have highly conserved structures and bind the insulin-like growth factors IGF-1 and IGF-2 with high affinity. IGFBP-7, sometimes included in this family, shares neither the conserved structural features nor the high IGF affinity. Instead, IGFBP-7 binds IGF1R, which blocks IGF-1 and IGF-2 binding, resulting in apoptosis.
Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IGFBP2 gene.
Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 5(IBF-5) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IGFBP5 gene. An IGFBP5 gene was recently identified as being important for adaptation to varying water salinity in fish.
Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IGFBP4 gene.
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E, also known as eIF4E, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EIF4E gene.
Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 6 (IGFBP-6) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IGFBP6 gene.
Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 1 (IBP-1) also known as placental protein 12 (PP12) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IGFBP1 gene.
Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IGFBP7 gene. The major function of the protein is the regulation of availability of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) in tissue as well as in modulating IGF binding to its receptors. IGFBP7 binds to IGF with low affinity compared to IGFBPs 1-6. It also stimulates cell adhesion. The protein is implicated in some cancers.
CUG triplet repeat, RNA binding protein 1, also known as CUGBP1, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the CUGBP1 gene.
Nuclear transcription factor Y subunit gamma is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NFYC gene.
Insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IGF2BP3 gene.
Insulin-like growth factor binding protein, acid labile subunit, also known as IGFALS, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the IGFALS gene.
Insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IGF2BP2 gene.
Z-DNA-binding protein 1, also known as DNA-dependent activator of IFN-regulatory factors (DAI) and DLM-1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZBP1 gene.
The mouse Coding Region Determinant-Binding Protein (CRD-BP) is an RNA-binding protein. CRD-BP belongs to a family of RNA binding proteins that show close a relation to the chicken β-actin zipcode-binding protein ZBP1 and the human forms of the protein IMP-1, IMP-2 and IMP-3. Because of their close relationship, CRD-BP and its orthologs are thought to share the same biochemical properties. Upon binding to its transcripts, CRD-BP plays a role in translation by stabilizing and localizing the transcripts in the cell. Normal expression of CRD-BP has been seen in the early development of the embryo. Conversely, CRD-BP expression in adult tissue is extremely low or completely absent.
