In der Maur In der Mauer | |
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Country | Switzerland Austria |
Place of origin | Rhaetian Alps, Switzerland |
Traditions | Roman Catholicism Swiss Reformed |
In der Maur (also written as In der Mauer, Indermaur, Indermauer) is a Swiss family. Throughout the Middle Ages and Renaissance, members of the family held political offices in Berneck, St. Gallen. The In der Maur von Berneck family were first granted a coat of arms in 1478, when Hermann In der Maur was appointed as the Ammann of Berneck of the Abbot of St. Gallen. Members of the family also served as Imperial tax collectors and as clerks of the Court of Berneck. The first member of the family to hold the position of Ammann in Berneck was Ulrich In der Maur in 1435.
A member of the Bernecker branch, Hans Indermaur, settled in Rheineck in 1590, where his descendants were granted fiefdoms. The Indermaur von Rheineck family were granted a coat of arms in 1685, first used by Johann In der Maur, and members of this family served as magistrates and clerks of the Court of Rheineck.
A cadet branch of the family based in South Tyrol, In der Maur auf Strehlburg und zu Freifeld, was elevated to the lower nobility in Kurtatsch an der Weinstraße by Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor in 1601. They were previously granted coats of arms in 1479, 1491, and 1586.
The In der Maur family originated in the Rhaetian Alps in Switzerland, descending from the Alemanni. The surname from the German language, translates to "in the wall", possibly referring to a fortress, defensive wall, or a geographic moor. [1] The main branches of the family settled within the territory of the Holy Roman Empire that is now Eastern Switzerland, Southern Austria and Northern Italy.
During the Middle Ages the In der Maurs were granted the right to use heraldry. Hermann In der Maur (or Mur) was granted a coat of arms including a green shamrock clover leaf on a golden shield in 1478. [2] [3] They were members of the Bürgergemeinde, and therefore part of the Swiss bourgeoisie, [3] Throughout the Middle Ages and Renaissance period, the In der Maurs held administrative roles in the government of Farniwang/Bernang (later called Berneck) as Landamänner (Ammann), or chief magistrates of the rural Landsgemeinde, and as clerks of the court (Gerichtsschreiber). [4] [5] They continued having political and economic influence in the region after the Abbey of Saint Gall gained control, having been granted privileges by the Prince-Abbots of St. Gallen. With these privileges, they held the position of Ammann of the Abbot of St. Gall to Bernang. [5] [6] [7] [8] The In der Maurs also served as Imperial tax collectors (Landvogtammaenner) for Bernang on behalf of the Imperial Landvogt. [5] Jakob Indermaur was Seckelmeister (treasury master) in 1699. [3] Johann Indermaur was a court clerk in 1705. [3] Hans Georg Indermaur served as a court clerk from 1805 to 1807. [3] Ulrich In der Maur was appointed as Ammann in 1435. [5] One of his descendants, Hermann In der Maur, was made Ammann in 1458. [3] Another Hermann In der Maur was appointed as Ammann in 1493. [5] Hans Indermaur was made Ammann in 1554. [3] Ulrich In der Maur became Ammann in 1614. [3] Johannes Indermaur was made Ammann in 1719. [3] Josef Indermaur zu Bernang became Ammann in 1741. [3]
In 1525, Berneck's population, facing political pressure, converted from Catholicism to Protestantism. [9] By 1532, more than half of the residents had returned to their original religion. [9] The In der Maurs of Berneck, who had adopted the religious reforms of Huldrych Zwingli during the Reformation and became Protestant, chose to remain in the Reformed faith. [10] [9]
In 1609, the Ammann Ulrich Indermaur, along with Thomas Haingler and Georg Schegg as appointed committee members and official representatives of the Court of Berneck, handled a property and inheritance dispute with Count Kaspar zu Hohenems. [4] In 1610 Ulrich Indermaur was part of a group of government officials who made inspections with the local bailiff and Prince-Abbot's ordiners. [4] In 1613, members of the Reichsvogt including Jakob Spengler, Joachim Rütlinger, Otmar Rheiner, Jakob Allgöwer, and Georg Gruber approved an exchange of land and crops between the Hospital in St. Gallen and Bartholome Wettach, another official and resident of Berneck. [4] Ulrich Indermaur collected taxes on the property, including an annual interest of 1 pound, 9 shillings, 10 pfennings, and 2 chickens, as well as a premium of 5 guilders, which went back to the hospital. [4] On 24 February 1615, Ulrich Indermaur served as one of five delegates representing the farms of the Upper Rhine Valley. [4]
In 1612, the Lords of Zürich, supporting Protestantism, selected a local preacher named Heinrich Rauch to fill the post in Berneck. [4] Rauch was presented to Prince-Abbot Bernhard Müller by Baltus Torgler and the Ammann Heinrich Indermaur on behalf of the lords. [4] This offended the Catholic Prince-Abbot, who believed filling the position was his right. [4] He called upon his courtier, Isidor Metzler, a clergyman and doctor of church law, to look into the violation against the Imperial Abbey. [4] Metzler argued that the right to appoint priests and preachers in Berneck was granted solely to the Church in St. Gallen, and that the Abbot had the right to appoint clergy throughout the imperial territory without the approval or recommendations of the lords. [4] After Rauch agreed to keep in line with Church teaching and to preach peace and unity in the community, he was allowed to make his vows to the Prince-Abbot and was granted a fiefdom. [4] On 14 July 1614, the Ammann Ulrich Indermaur signed and presented a request to Prince-Abbot Müller on behalf of the priest Sebastian Roth of Berneck and the local Catholic Church to appoint the clergyman Georg Keizer, the former pastor of Flawil, to a local curatorship and allow him to preach at the early masses.
The In der Maur family owned vineyards in the Rhine Valley. Konrad (Cunradten) Indermaur owned a vineyard that bordered the estate of the Franz family, and the Pfarrpfrund. [4] Ulrich Indermaur owned a vineyard that bordered the vineyards of Hans Curer, Hans Böckhen, and Antoni Frei. [4] A vineyard owned by Bartli Indermaur bordered that of Antoni Frei and Otmar Noll's heirs, near Mühlebach. [4] In 1615 the Ammann of Berneck, Ulrich Indermaur, owned a vineyard called Tannweg that bordered the estates of Rudolf Jäkli, Sebastuan Dierauer, and Kaspar Weber. [4] Jakob Indermaur owned a vineyard that bordered the property of George Seiz and Ulrich Seitz. [4] In 1620, Jakob Indermaur was one of 13 men ordered by the Court of Berneck to ensure streets, paths, and bridges were cleared and cleaned between the vineyards of the Junker Hans Kaspar Rugg von Tannegg, representing his cousin Magdalena Rugg, the Ammann Hans Kaufmann, and Lukas Studach von Altstätten. [4]
In 1396, Hans jn der Maewr ab Pennoen (Penon, a small hamlet near Kurtatsch an der Weinstraße) appears in a local deed issued in the Habsburg-ruled South Tyrol. [11] In 1479, a branch of In der Maurs, who settled in Habsburg-ruled South Tyrol, [12] were granted a coat of arms by Frederick III of the Holy Roman Empire. On 23 October 1491 they were granted another coat of arms by Maximilian II. A third coat of arms was granted to six brothers and three male cousins of the family on 1 August 1586 in Innsbruck. [13] On 6 March 1601 the In der Maurs in South Tyrol were elevated to the landed nobility by Rudolf II. Some members of the family were granted the rank of edler, the lowest rank in the titled nobility. [14] On 23 June 1703 the In der Maurs of South Tyrol were made barons by Leopold I. [15] [16] [17] [18] The In der Maurs, as part of the Tyrolese lower nobility, owned a schloss and various Ansitze in Kurtatsch an der Weinstraße. [19] [20] In 1615 Caspar Indermaur funded the construction of the Catholic Chapel of St. Anna at Ansitz Strehlburg, one of the In der Maur estates in Kurtatsch. [21] [22] [16]
Baron Caspar von Indermaur held the position of Ober Jägermeister (Master of the hunt). [23]
In 1779, Baron Johann Baptist von Indermaur is listed in Des Hohen Erz-Stifts und Churfürstenthums Trier Hof-, Staats- und Stands-Kalender as a court official in Trier. [24]
On 19 October 1813 in Munich, Josef Sebastian Anton Indermauer von Freifeld zu Strelburg was granted noble status as a briefadel in the Kingdom of Bavaria through letters patent from Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria. [25]
Carl von In der Maur, of this line, twice served in the court of Johan II as the Governor of Liechtenstein. He was awarded the Commander's Cross of the Order of Franz Joseph in 1909 for his service in government. He was married to Auguste von Kogerer, the daughter of Austrian courtier Heinrich Ritter von Kogerer. Their son, Gilbert von In der Maur, was a member of the Austrian SS and was married to Countess Maria Gertrude Barbo von Waxenstein, the daughter of Count Josef Anton Barbo von Waxenstein.
In 1590 Hans Indermaur, a tanner from Berneck, resettled in Rheineck. [26] [7] Indermaur's house was purchased in the 1700s by the municipality of Rheineck and was converted into an orphanage. The building is now a historic landmark and the house's cellar, once used as a tannery, is now a performance venue. [27] As vassals, the In der Maurs were granted fiefdoms and owned vineyards in Berneck and Rheineck. [5] On 19 March 1655, a tanner named Jakob Indermaur von Rheineck was granted a fief near Reben am Schwerzenberg. [28] He was granted another fief, in Strenglen, on 24 June 1689. [29]
The family were granted a second coat of arms in Rheineck, when Johann (Johannes) In der Maur was granted a coat of arms in 1685 depicting a golden lion wielding a blade on a blue shield. [30] [31] Johannes Indermaur von Rheineck was given a fief in Pulberstampf on 1 June 1718. [32] Niklaus Indermaur von Rheineck, the son of a former district governor, was granted a fief in Kugelwies on 4 March 1726 by Johann Jakob Ritter von Ackermann. [33] [34] Heinrich In der Maur was granted a fief in Strenglen on 10 March 1751. [35] Zacharias Indermaur von Rheineck was granted a fiefdom in Pulverstampfe, near Weissgerberwalke, on 12 June 1763. [36]
In the 1800s, members of the family held government administrative positions as court clerks, scribes, and Bezirksammann (district magistrates). [37] [38] [39] [40]
In the middle of the eighteenth century Paulus In der Maur of Berneck (1732–1805) moved from Switzerland to Schoonhoven, South Holland, the Netherlands, thus creating a Dutch branch of the family. [41] [8] His descendants later settled in Utrecht, Gouda, Rotterdam, and Dordrecht. This line included two prominent organ builders, Johann Frederik In der Maur (1790–1836) and Johannes Casper In der Maur (1817–1860). Paulus In der Maur's great-grandson, George In der Maur (1831–1889), moved to Batavia, Dutch East Indies (present-day Jakarta, Indonesia), where he married and had seven children. [8] [42] Christina Antoinette In der Maur (1866–1914), a daughter of George In der Maur, married Johan de Lannoy, a descendent of Eustachius De Lannoy. [43] [44]
Johannes In der Maur of Berneck (b. 1748), son of Herman In der Mauer von Berneck (b. 1719) and Anna Schreiberin, moved with his wife Margaretha Oberhausler from Switzerland to England. They had three children; Herman Indermaur (b. 1776), Anna Regula Indermaur (b. 1778), and Henry Indermaur (1788–1848). [45] The English In der Maur line continued with descendants settling in Middlesex and Somerset. In 1904, John Indermaur and Lancelot Indermaur were included in the Royal Blue Book: Court and Parliamentary Guide, a directory published under the patronage of the Edward VII that listed upper-class London residents. [46] In 1936, M.J. Indermaur served as chairman of the Union Helvetia Club in London. [47]
In 1952, Minnie Rose Carpenter (b. 1919) of Gillingham, the wife of David George Indermaur, departed from Southampton with her daughters Barbara Catherine Indermaur (b. 1944) and Jean Elizabeth Indermaur (b. 1949) to join her husband in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. [48]
The Austrian In der Maurs included the nobiliary particles von (descending from) and zu (resident at) in their surname as von In der Maur auf Strehlburg und zu Freienfeld, referencing two of their principal estates, Strehlburg and Freienfeld, in South Tyrol. [49] The use of nobiliary particles in the surname was maintained until the nobility was abolished in Austria in 1919 and the use of nobiliary particles in the surname became illegal in Austria.
A restaurant in Rorschach, Zum goldenen Fass, was started by Johann Indermaur of Berneck in 1905 and is still owned and operated by the family. [50] The family has owned the Maienhalde estate, a winery and vineyard in Berneck, for four generations. [51] [52] The In der Maurs owned a furniture manufacturing company and warehouse in Goldach for 105 years. [53] [54] In 2000 the family sold a kitchen business to Ruedi Kälin, Claude Strickler and Rolf Kurath, who incorporated it into the company ASTOR Küchen AG in Einsiedeln.
In 1903, Percival Indermauer, a twenty-seven year old mail clerk from Washington, D.C., was injured during the Wreck of the Old 97 in Danville, Virginia, United States. [55]
In 2018, Katharina In Der Maur was presented as a debutante at the Vienna Opera Ball. [56] [57]
Winemaker and clergyman Felix Indermaur is the Night Watchman of Berneck, authorized by the European Night Watchman and Watchman Guild. [58] [59]
Rorschach is a municipality, in the District of Rorschach in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland. It is on the south side of Lake Constance (Bodensee).
The counts of Toggenburg ruled the Toggenburg region of today's canton of St. Gallen, Switzerland, and adjacent areas during the 13th to 15th centuries.
Berneck is a municipality in the Wahlkreis (constituency) of Rheintal in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.
Rheineck is a municipality in the Wahlkreis (constituency) of Rheintal in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.
The House of Rapperswil respectively Counts of Rapperswil ruled the upper Zürichsee and Seedamm region around Rapperswil and parts of, as of today, Swiss cantons of St. Gallen, Glarus, Zürich and Graubünden when their influence was most extensive around the 1200s until the 1290s. They acted also as Vogt of the most influential Einsiedeln Abbey in the 12th and 13th century, and at least three abbots of Einsiedeln were members of Rapperswil family.
Johannes Dierauer was a Swiss historian and librarian. He taught history classes at the Cantonal School in St. Gallen from 1868 to 1907 and, from 1874 to 1920, served as the head of the City Library of St. Gallen.
Rahel Ava Indermaur is a Swiss opera singer and dramatic soprano. She was the first recipient of the Cantonal Prize for Culture of the Canton of St. Gallen. Indermaur, trained classically in Germany, has performed throughout Europe and in Asia. Her career includes performances with the Berliner Philharmonie, Tonhalle St. Gallen, Tonhalle Zürich, the Dubrovnik Symphony Orchestra, and the Deutsche Oper Berlin.
Ansitz Freienfeld is an Ansitz located in Kurtatsch an der Weinstraße, South Tyrol, Italy. The manor was built in 1521 and has undergone several expansions, renovations, and changes in ownership. It is currently used by a winery to store barriques. It was one of the principal manors, along with Ansitz Strehlburg, of the In der Maur family.
Ansitz Nußdorf is an Ansitz in the South Tyrolean Unterland in Italy. The manor was once owned by the Indermaur family, who brought the manor to its present form in 1609. The south-eastern side of the mansion includes a square-shaped tower. Ownership of the estate has changed throughout the centuries. Nussdorf passed from the Indermaur family to the Kager family. The property was purchased by the Manfroni family in 1780 and was later acquired by the Barons von Widmann in 1825.
Ansitz Baron von Widmann is an Ansitz located in Kurtatsch an der Weinstraße, South Tyrol, Italy. The house has also been called Ansitz Staffelfeld, the Indermaur House and the Great Payr House. The Gothic-style main house, along with the horse stalls and barn, are the oldest part of the property. Expansions were made on the house in 1708. Additions to the first and second floors were made in 1860. Renovations and expansions continued on into the late twentieth century. The cellars are still used for the wines of the estate, currently owned by the Baron von Widmann. A relief of the family crest of the In der Maur family, the original owners, was added above the second floor exterior doorframe in 1676. At one time, the northern part of the mansion housed business offices of the Raiffeisen Bank. The estate is now the seat of the Baron Widmann winery.
Finkenhof was a house in Kurtatsch an der Weinstraße, South Tyrol, Italy. The majority of the house was destroyed in the first half of the 16th century, but a house wall and parlor still stands. The coat of arms of the Indermaur family is displayed on the wall above the balcony. The Indermaur owned Finkenhof around 1646. Prior to the Indermaur, Finkenhof was owned by Im Holz (1566). It later passed to Delmann von Angerburg in 1780, Josef Schweiggl from 1834, the Pomella in 1838, and the Maier in 1914.
Ansitz Eberlehof is an Ansitz in Kurtatsch an der Weinstraße, South Tyrol, Italy. The manor was built in the Gothic style on a hillside, overlooking the valley. The Indermaur family's coat of arms is displayed on one the sandstone door frames, having been built by the family in the early 16th century. In 1600, a southeast wing was constructed in the Renaissance style with frescoes. The estate includes farm buildings as well as the manor house. After the Indermaur, the manor passed to Baroness Maria Theresia von Winkelhofen in the mid 1700s, the Gruber family in 1805, the Schasser family in 1839, the Eberle family in 1856, and later the Pomella. The current owners are the Mair family.
Fohrhof is an Ansitz in Kurtatsch an der Weinstraße, South Tyrol, Italy. The Anich family's coat of arms are displayed on the main doorway. The manor consists of a house, a small Catholic chapel, and farmland.
Ansitz Strehlburg is an Ansitz in Kurtatsch an der Weinstraße, South Tyrol that was one of the main estates, along with Ansitz Freienfeld, of the In der Maur family. The estate is located at the entrance of Kurtatsch and was built in 1492. It includes a large manor house with a tower, farm buildings, stables, a central courtyard, a chapel, and a fortified wall. In the middle of the 15th century, Heinrich Indermaur's daughter married Stephen Strele in Kurtatsch. His name became tiled to the manor. It was called Strele, Strelen, and Strellenhof. When the Indermaur were ennobled within the Holy Roman Empire, Kaspar Indermaur changed the name to Strehlburg. Kaspar Indermaur established the farm as a manor around 1600. It was later expanded in the 18th century.
The St. Gallen State Archive is the archive for the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland. Since the canton was founded in 1803, it has preserved the records relating to the cantonal authorities, the cantonal administration and the institutions of the state. It also contains records from the legal predecessors of today's canton. Organisationally, the State Archive is part of the Department of the Interior, located in the Office of Culture.
Ulrich von Sax was Abbot of Saint Gall from 1204 until his death.
The Altstätten–Gais railway is a metre-gauge railway in Switzerland. The 7.65 kilometre-long line was opened in 1911 by the Altstätten-Gais-Bahn (AG) and has been operated by the Appenzell Railways. Three sections of the line are equipped with the Strub rack system, while the rest of the line uses adhesion.
Hans-Ulrich Indermaur is a Swiss magazine editor, television reporter, and author. As a reporter and moderator for the television program Telearena, he moderated a heated debate about homosexuality in Switzerland in 1978. Later that year, Indermaur was appointed as the editor-in-chief of the Swiss magazine TELE, serving in that capacity until 2003.
Anna Indermaur was a Swiss painter, sculptor, interior decorator, and filmmaker. She was the first woman film director in Switzerland.
The Federer family is an old Swiss family that is part of the bourgeoisie of Berneck, St. Gallen. The family originated in the 5th century and rose to prominence in the Middle Ages, with members holding local government offices under the Prince-Abbots of the Abbey of St. Gallen. Notable members of the family include the retired tennis player Roger Federer, the Catholic priest and writer Heinrich Federer, and the politician Barbara Schmid-Federer.
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: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)Veronika Gruber: Kurtatsch und sein Gebiet im Wandel der Zeit, Kurtatsch 1995 (German), online version: online