| Incilius leucomyos | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Anura |
| Family: | Bufonidae |
| Genus: | Incilius |
| Species: | I. leucomyos |
| Binomial name | |
| Incilius leucomyos (McCranie and Wilson, 2000) | |
 | |
| Synonyms [2] | |
Bufo leucomyosMcCranie and Wilson, 2000 [3] Contents | |
Incilius leucomyos is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It was described in 2000 and is endemic to the Atlantic versant of the north-central Honduras. [1] [2]
Adult males measure 51–68 mm (2.0–2.7 in) and females 55–96 mm (2.2–3.8 in) in snout–vent length. The body is robust and the head is slightly wider than it is long. The snout is nearly rounded but has a protruding tip in dorsal view. The tympanum is distinct but comparatively small. The canthal, supra-orbital, post-orbital, supra-tympanic, and parietal crests are all well-developed. The parotoid glands are sub-triangular. The limbs are relatively long. The fingers are long and slender and without enlarged tips and webbing. The toes are also long and slender but have some webbing. Skin is dorsally rugose and ventrally granular to strongly granular. The dorsal coloration is mostly yellow ocher but with buff mid-dorsal area. There is a rust-brown inter-ocular bar, rust-colored crests, and pale rust-colored post-ocular blotches. [3]
Its natural habitats are lowland moist forests as well as premontane and lower montane wet forests; its altitudinal range is from near sea level to 1,600 m (5,200 ft) above sea level. The tadpoles develop in streams. It is threatened by habitat loss caused by landslides (impacting streams) as well as from farming, logging, and human settlements. It occurs in some protected areas, including the La Muralla and Pico Bonito National Parks. [1]
Holdridge's toad is a species of toad endemic to Costa Rica. In October 2008, it was declared extinct by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature in its Red List since the species had not been seen since 1987, despite years of extensive searches. However, the species was rediscovered in 2010 by a Costa Rican herpetologist and is now classified as critically endangered. It is believed that the species is most threatened by the presence of the chytrid fungus in its habitat.
The Almirante Trail toad is a species of toad endemic to Panama. It is only known from its type locality near Boquete, Chiriquí, in western Panama. Another population from Cerro Bollo that has been referred to this species was described in 2013 as a separate species, Incilius majordomus.
Ansonia fuliginea, the North Borneo stream toad or North Borneo slender toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Mount Kinabalu in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo.
Ansonia guibei is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to northwestern Sabah in Malaysian Borneo.The specific name guibei honors Jean Guibé, a French zoologist and herpetologist. Common names Mesilau toad and Mesilau stream toad have been coined for it.
Ansonia longidigita is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to northern and western Borneo in Sabah and Sarawak (Malaysia) and in Brunei.
Rhinella chrysophora, sometimes known as the Rio Viejo toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to the Cordillera Nombre de Dios on the Atlantic versant in north-central Honduras.
Incilius ibarrai is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is found in the central and southern highlands of Guatemala and adjacent Honduras. The specific name ibarrai honors Jorge Alfonso Ibarra (1921–2000), then-director of the Guatemalan National Natural History Museum.
Rhinella jimi is a species of toads in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to northeastern Brazil and known between Bujaru in northeastern Pará and Maranhão in the north, south to Bahia and Vitória, Espírito Santo. Prior to its description in 2002, it was confused with Rhinella schneideri. The specific name jimi honors Jorge Jim, a Brazilian herpetologist. Common name Jimi's toad has been coined for it.
Incilius melanochlorus, formerly Bufo melanochlorus, is a mid-sized species of toad with a crested head in the family Bufonidae. It is primarily distinguished by its very long first finger with respect to the other fingers. It is found in southern Nicaragua, in the northern Cordillera Central and on the Atlantic slopes of eastern Costa Rica, and in western Panama.
Mertensophryne melanopleura is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is known from its type locality, the Upemba National Park in southern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and from eastern Angola and south of Ndola in northern Zambia.
Incilius pisinnus is a species of "true" toads in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Mexico and known from the Tepalcatepec Valley in Michoacán. Prior to its description in 2005, it was mixed with Incilius coccifer and Incilius cycladen. The specific name pisinnus, from the Latin word for "small", refers to the comparatively small size of this species among its close relatives.
Nectophrynoides vestergaardi, also known as the Vestergaard's forest toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to the West Usambara Mountains, Tanzania. It is named in honour of Martin Vestergaard, the Danish biologist who was the first to recognize that the population now described as Nectophrynoides vestergaardi was a new species.
Oreophrynella weiassipuensis is a species of toads in the family Bufonidae. It is only known from Wei-Assipu-tepui, a tepui on the border between Brazil and Guyana. The holotype was collected in 2000 by a speleological expedition to Wei-Assipu-tepui. No other specimens are known. It is possible that it is present in other localities, but most species of Oreophrynella are endemic to a single mountain.
Batrachyla nibaldoi is a species of frog in the family Batrachylidae. It is endemic to Chile and known from the Los Lagos and Aysén Regions between Villa O'Higgins in the south and Kent and Melchor Islands in the north; there is a record from Alao Island further north but this might represent Batrachyla taeniata. The specific name nibaldoi honors Nibaldo Bahamonde, Chilean marine biologist, in recognition of his "remarkable contribution to the development of the zoology in Chile". Common name Nibaldo's wood frog has been coined for it.
Craugastor chrysozetetes is a possibly extinct species of frog in the family Craugastoridae. It is endemic to Honduras where it is only known from near its type locality on the Cerro Búfalo, Cordillera de Nombre de Dios, at the edge of the Pico Bonito National Park. Common name McCranie's robber frog has been coined for this species. However, James McCranie himself has argued that this name "should be rejected in favor of a name associated with the type locality instead of a name tied to one of the three authors who named this species".
Craugastor stadelmani is a rare species of frog in the family Craugastoridae. It is endemic to the mountains of northern Honduras. The specific name stadelmani honors Raymond Edward Stadelman, curator at the Tela serpentarium and naturalist at the Museum of Comparative Zoology. Common names Stadelman's coqui, Stadelman's patterlove, and north-central Honduran montane streamside frog have been coined for it.
Gastrotheca excubitor is a species of frog in the family Hemiphractidae. It is endemic to southern Peru and occurs in the Amazonian slopes and crests of the Cordillera Oriental in the Cusco Region; records from the Cajamarca Region are likely erroneous. It is likely to include cryptic species. Common name Abra Acanacu marsupial frog has been coined for it.
Gastrotheca ochoai is a species of frog in the family Hemiphractidae. It is endemic to southern Peru and occurs in the interandean valleys on the eastern face of the Andes. The specific name ochoai honors Oscar Ochoa Mendieta, a biology professor from the National University of Saint Anthony the Abbot in Cuzco who helped the species descriptors during the field work. Common name Chilca marsupial frog has been coined for this species.
Odorrana supranarina is a species of frog in the family Ranidae. It is endemic to Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan, and is known from the islands of Ishigaki and Iriomote, both in the Yaeyama Group. The specific name supranarina refers to the large size of this species —at the time of the species description, it was the largest member of the so-called Rana narina complex. Common name greater tip-nosed frog has been coined for it.
Incilius chompipe is a species of toads in the family Bufonidae, known from several localities near Cascajal in the Cerro Chompipe and in the Reserva Dantas, both in the Cordillera Central of Costa Rica.
