| Ingerophrynus claviger | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Anura |
| Family: | Bufonidae |
| Genus: | Ingerophrynus |
| Species: | I. claviger |
| Binomial name | |
| Ingerophrynus claviger (Peters, 1863) | |
| Synonyms | |
Bufo clavigerPeters, 1863 | |
Ingerophrynus claviger is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Indonesia where it is found on Sumatra and Nias island. [2] It is found in lowland forests. It is threatened by habitat loss. [1]
A true toad is any member of the family Bufonidae, in the order Anura. This is the only family of anurans in which all members are known as toads, although some may be called frogs. The bufonids now comprise more than 35 genera, Bufo being the best known.
Endau-Rompin National Park is a protected tropical rainforest in the southernmost prolongation of the Tenasserim Hills, Malaysia. It is south of the state of Pahang and northeast of Johor covering an area of approximately 870 km2 (340 sq mi), making it the second-largest national park in Peninsular Malaysia after Taman Negara. It has approximately 26 km (16 mi) of trail. It is the second national park proclaimed by the government of Malaysia. Gunung Besar, the second-highest peak in Johor, is in the park.
Ingerophrynus macrotis is a toad species of the family Bufonidae, which is found throughout most of monsoonal mainland Southeast Asia and in northeast India. It is native to Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam. Its presence in China is uncertain.
The crested toad or double crested toad is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Indonesia. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, rivers, plantations, rural gardens, and heavily degraded former forest. It is threatened by habitat loss.
The Sulawesian toad or Celebes toad is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Sulawesi, Indonesia. It is a common and abundant species found in a wide range of habitats, including primary rainforest, secondary forest, plantations, cultivated land and towns. Breeding takes place in ponds, paddy fields, and pools within slow-moving streams.
Ingerophrynus divergens is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is found in Malay Peninsula, Borneo, Sumatra, and Natuna Islands. It occurs in well-drained lowland rainforests. It breeds in standing water and slow-moving intermittent streams. It is widespread in suitable habitat but not abundant. It is threatened by habitat loss caused by clear-cutting.
The bony-headed toad is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is found in Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam. Earlier it has been also reported from Hainan Island (China), but these have now been named as a new species, Ingerophrynus ledongensis. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, and rivers. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Ingerophrynus kumquat is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to the Selangor state, Peninsular Malaysia, where it is only known from peat swamps near its type locality. This species is a peat swamp specialist that is locally abundant but is threatened by habitat loss caused by drainage and reclamation of peat swamps for agriculture.
Ingerophrynus parvus is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is found in southern Myanmar, southwestern Thailand, southwestern Cambodia, Peninsular Malaysia, and Java and Sumatra (Indonesia). Its natural habitats are primary and regenerating rainforests where it is found inhabiting streams. Breeding takes place in pools and slow-moving streams. It is common in the mainland but uncommon in Indonesia.
The Philippine toad is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to the Philippines. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forest, subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest, subtropical or tropical swamps, subtropical or tropical moist montane forest, subtropical or tropical moist shrubland, intermittent rivers, swamps, freshwater lakes, intermittent freshwater lakes, freshwater marshes, intermittent freshwater marshes, intertidal marches, arable land, plantations, rural gardens, urban areas, water storage areas, ponds, aquaculture ponds, and seasonally flooded agricultural land.
Ingerophrynus quadriporcatus is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. Its common names are long-glanded toad, four-ridged toad and greater Malacca toad. It is found in Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Borneo, Sumatra, and the Natuna Islands. Its natural habitats are swamp forests, but it has also been found on rubber plantations. It breeds in standing water.
Nymphargus mariae, commonly known as Maria's giant glass frog, is a species of frog in the family Centrolenidae. It is found in the cloud forests of the Serranía de Sira, Huánuco, Peru and in Ecuador. A population endemic to Ecuador was previously considered to be a distinct species, Nymphargus puyoensis, but is now classified as a junior synonym.
Alsodes nodosus is a species of frog in the family Alsodidae endemic to central Chile; records from Argentina are not considered valid.
The giant river frog is a species of frog in the family Dicroglossidae. It is endemic to Borneo, and found in Brunei, Kalimantan (Indonesia), and Sabah and Sarawak (Malaysia).
Rhacophorus baluensis is a species of frog in the family Rhacophoridae found in northern Sabah and Sarawak in Malaysian Borneo. It is likely to be found in northern Kalimantan. Its natural habitats are submontane and montane forests. Male frogs gather at small ponds. It is potentially threatened by habitat loss caused by logging.
Ingerophrynus is a genus of true toads with 12 species. The genus is found in southern Yunnan and Southeast Asia; from Myanmar and Indochina to peninsular Thailand and Malaya, Sumatra, Borneo, Java, Nias Island, Sulawesi, and the Philippines. This genus was established after a major taxonomical revision of frogs in 2006.
Ingerophrynus gollum is a toad species in the family Bufonidae, the true toads. It is endemic to the Peninsular Malaysia and has only been recorded from its type locality in the Endau-Rompin National Park, Johor. However, I. gollum is genetically so close to Ingerophrynus divergens that its validity as a distinct species can be questioned.
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