Ingerophrynus | |
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Crested toad (Ingerophrynus biporcatus) | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Amphibia |
Order: | Anura |
Family: | Bufonidae |
Genus: | Ingerophrynus Frost et al., 2006 [1] |
Species | |
12 species (see text) |
Ingerophrynus is a genus of true toads with 12 species. [2] [3] The genus is found in southern Yunnan and Southeast Asia; from Myanmar and Indochina to peninsular Thailand and Malaya, Sumatra, Borneo, Java, Nias Island, Sulawesi, and the Philippines. [2] This genus was established after a major taxonomical revision of frogs in 2006. [1]
Ten of the species in this genus were formerly considered species of the genus Bufo , most of them in what had been known as the Bufo biporcatus group; the remaining ones were assigned to this genus based on molecular data. [1] In 2007 a new species, Ingerophrynus gollum , was added to this genus. [4] The sister taxon of Ingerophrynus is Sabahphrynus . [2]
The generic name Ingerophrynus honors Robert F. Inger, an American zoologist from the Field Museum of Natural History. [1] [5]
The diagnostic characters of the Bufo biporcatus group are the presence of supraorbital, parietal, and supratympanic crests, lack of a tarsal ridge, presence of vocal sacs but absence of melanophores in the surrounding muscle tissue, lack of tibial glands, lack supinator manus humeralis and adductor longus muscles, presence of paired crests on the vertebral column, rugose skull, squamosal bones with broad dorsal otic plates, and smooth palatine bones. [4]
Binomial name and binomial authority | common name |
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Ingerophrynus biporcatus (Gravenhorst, 1829) | crested toad |
Ingerophrynus celebensis (Günther, 1859) | Sulawesian toad |
Ingerophrynus claviger (W. Peters, 1863) | Benkulen toad |
Ingerophrynus divergens (W. Peters, 1871) | Malayan dwarf toad |
Ingerophrynus galeatus (Günther, 1864) | bony-headed toad |
Ingerophrynus gollum L. Grismer, 2007 | |
Ingerophrynus kumquat (Das & Lim, 2001) | |
Ingerophrynus ledongensis (Fei, Ye & Huang, 2009) | |
Ingerophrynus macrotis (Boulenger, 1887) | big-eared toad |
Ingerophrynus parvus (Boulenger, 1887) | lesser Malacca toad |
Ingerophrynus philippinicus (Boulenger, 1887) | Philippine toad |
Ingerophrynus quadriporcatus (Boulenger, 1887) | greater Malacca toad |
Nota bene : A binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than Ingerophrynus.
Bufo is a genus of true toads in the amphibian family Bufonidae. As traditionally defined, it was a wastebasket genus containing a large number of toads from much of the world but following taxonomic reviews most of these have been moved to other genera, leaving only seventeen extant species from Europe, northern Africa and Asia in this genus, including the well-known common toad. Some of the genera that contain species formerly placed in Bufo are Anaxyrus, Bufotes, Duttaphrynus, Epidalea and Rhinella.
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Sclerophrys is a genus of "true toads", family Bufonidae, native to Africa and the southern Arabian Peninsula. Originally, all of these species were classified in the genus Bufo. The genus, originally named Amietophrynus, was split due to large enough taxonomic divergence. Ohler and Dubois showed in 2016 that Sclerophrys capensis Tschudi, 1838 is the same species as Bufo regularis rangeri Hewitt, 1935, the type species of Amietophrynus. Because the former name is older, the implication is that Amietophrynus is a junior synonym of Sclerophrys.
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