Alvinocarididae is a family of shrimp, originally described by M. L. Christoffersen in 1986 from samples collected by DSV Alvin, from which they derive their name. Shrimp of the family Alvinocarididae generally inhabit deep sea hydrothermal vent regions, and hydrocarbon cold seep environments. Carotenoid pigment has been found in their bodies. The family Alvinocarididae comprises 7 extant genera.
Deep sea mining is the extraction of minerals from the ocean floor at depths of 200 metres (660 ft) to 6,500 metres (21,300 ft).
Chrysomallon squamiferum, commonly known as the scaly-foot gastropod, scaly-foot snail, sea pangolin, or volcano snail is a species of deep-sea hydrothermal-vent snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Peltospiridae. This vent-endemic gastropod is known only from deep-sea hydrothermal vents in the Indian Ocean, where it has been found at depths of about 2,400–2,900 m (1.5–1.8 mi). C. squamiferum differs greatly from other deep-sea gastropods, even the closely related neomphalines. In 2019, it was declared endangered on the IUCN Red List, the first species to be listed as such due to risks from deep-sea mining of its vent habitat.
Phenacolepadidae is a family of small sea snails or false limpets, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Cycloneritimorpha.
Alviniconcha is a genus of deep water sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Provannidae. These snails are part of the fauna of the hydrothermal vents in the Indian and Western Pacific Ocean. These and another genus and species within the same family are the only known currently existing animals whose nutrition is derived from an endosymbiotic relationship with a member of bacteria from phylum Campylobacterota and Gammaproteobacteria, occurring as endosymbionts within the vacuoles of Alviniconcha ctenidia. All species of Alviniconcha are thought to be foundational species found near hydrothermal venting fluid supplying their bacterial endosymbionts with vent derived compounds such as hydrogen sulfide. These snails can withstand large variations in temperature, pH, and chemical compositions.
Pyropelta ryukyuensis is a species of small sea snail, a deep-water limpet, a marine gastropod mollusks in the family Pyropeltidae.
Oenopota ogasawarana is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mangeliidae.
Oenopota sagamiana is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mangeliidae.
Phymorhynchus buccinoides is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Raphitomidae.
Phymorhynchus turris is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Raphitomidae.
Lepetodrilus japonicus is a species of small, deep-sea sea snail, a hydrothermal vent limpet, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Lepetodrilidae.
Lepetodrilus nux is a species of small, deep-sea sea snail, a hydrothermal vent limpet, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Lepetodrilidae.
Lepetodrilus is a genus of small, deep-sea sea snails, hydrothermal vent limpets, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Lepetodrilidae.
Iphinopsis is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Cancellariidae, the nutmeg snails.
Bruceiella is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Skeneidae.
Bruceiella wareni is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Skeneidae.
Desbruyeresia marisindica is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Provannidae.
Shinkailepas is a genus of sea snails or false limpets, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Phenacolepadidae.
Anatoma fujikurai is a species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Anatomidae. It was found at a hydrothermal vent field in Myōjin Knoll caldera, Izu-Ogasawara Arc, Japan.
The Kairei vent field is a hydrothermal vent field located in the Indian Ocean at a depth of 2,460 metres (8,070 ft). It is just north of the Rodrigues Triple Junction, approximately 2,200 kilometres (1,400 mi) east from Madagascar. It is the first hydrothermal field discovered in the Indian Ocean and the first of the series of known vents along the Central Indian Ridge.
