Iranian legislative election, 2000

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Iranian legislative election, 2000
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←  1996 18 February and 5 May 2000 2004  →
All 290 seats of Islamic Consultative Assembly
146 seats needed for a majority
Registered 38,726,388 [1]
Turnout 69.27%

  First party Second party
 
Party
Alliance Reformists Principlists
Seats won 195≈222 54≈74
Electoral list 2nd of Khordad Followers of the Line of Imam and Leader
Alliance Nationalist-Religious
Seats won 2
Speaker before election

Ali Akbar Nategh-Nouri
Combatant Clergy

Elected Speaker

Mehdi Karroubi
Combatant Clerics

Parliamentary elections were held in Iran on 18 February 2000, with a second round on 5 May. [2] The result was a solid victory for 2nd of Khordad Front and its allies, the reformist supporters of President Mohammad Khatami.

Iran Country in Western Asia

Iran, also called Persia, and officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, is a country in Western Asia. With over 81 million inhabitants, Iran is the world's 18th most populous country. Comprising a land area of 1,648,195 km2 (636,372 sq mi), it is the second largest country in the Middle East and the 17th largest in the world. Iran is bordered to the northwest by Armenia and the Republic of Azerbaijan, to the north by the Caspian Sea, to the northeast by Turkmenistan, to the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan, to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman, and to the west by Turkey and Iraq. The country's central location in Eurasia and Western Asia, and its proximity to the Strait of Hormuz, give it geostrategic importance. Tehran is the country's capital and largest city, as well as its leading economic and cultural center.

Mohammad Khatami Iranian prominent reformist politician, scholar and shiite faqih

SeyyedMohammad Khatami served as the fifth President of Iran from 3 August 1997 to 3 August 2005. He also served as Iran's Minister of Culture from 1982 to 1992. He was a critic of former President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's government.

Contents

Campaign

A total of 6,083 candidates contested the elections. [1] 225 of the 290 seats were won in the first round of voting. [1] Registration process took place between 11 and 16 December 1999. [3]

Main reformist coalition lists were "2nd of Khordad Press" and "Coalition of 15 Groups Supporting 2nd of Khordad" (including 11 out of 18 members in the 2nd of Khordad Front) and main principlist coalition was Coalition of Followers of the Line of Imam and Leader. Rest of lists were issued by solitary parties. [4] For the first time Council of Nationalist-Religious Activists of Iran issued an electoral list and was able to win two exclusive seats (Alireza Rajaei in Tehran, Rey, Shemiranat and Eslamshahr and Rahman Kargosha in Arak, Komijan and Khondab) but the Guardian Council declared their votes "voided". [5]

Iranian Reformists political movement in Iran to change the system to include more freedom and democracy

The Iranian reformists are a political faction in Iran that support former President Mohammad Khatami's plans to change the Iranian political system to include more freedom and democracy. Iran's "reform era" is sometimes said to have lasted from 1997 to 2005—the length of Khatami's two terms in office. The Council for Coordinating the Reforms Front is the main umbrella organization and coalition within the movement; however, there are reformist groups not aligned with the council, such as the Reformists Front.

The Council for Coordinating the Reforms Front or the Reformist Front Coordination Council is the umbrella organization, coalition and council of main political groups within the Iranian reform movement. Since 2015, it is overseen by the Reformists' Supreme Council for Policymaking.

The Principlists also interchangeably known as the Iranian Conservatives and formerly referred to as the Right or Right-wing, are one of two main political camps inside post-revolutionary Iran, the other being Reformists. The term ‘hardliners’ that some western sources use in the Iranian political context, usually refers to the faction, despite the fact it includes also more centrist tendencies.

Results

Inter-Parliamentary Union

Inter-Parliamentary Union report cites the following results:

Inter-Parliamentary Union intergovernmental organization

The Inter-Parliamentary Union is a global inter-parliamentary institution established in 1889 by Frédéric Passy (France) and William Randal Cremer. It was the first permanent forum for political multilateral negotiations. Initially, the organization was for individual parliamentarians, but has since transformed into an international organization of the parliaments of sovereign states. The national parliaments of 178 countries are members of the IPU, and 12 regional parliamentary assemblies are associate members. The IPU has permanent observer status at the United Nations General Assembly.

Electoral list1st round seats2nd round seatsTotal seats won
2nd of Khordad Front 17052222
Front of Followers of the Line of the Imam and the Leader 45954
Independents10414
Source: Inter-Parliamentary Union [1]
Samii (2000)
The data includes first round only.
Electoral list1◦ round seats
Reformists 148
Conservatives 37
Independents35
Religious minorities 5
Total225
Source: A. W. Samii [6]
Bakhash (2001)
The data includes second round only.
Electoral list2◦ round seats
Reformists 47
Conservatives 10
Independents9
Total66
Source: Bakhash [7]

Shaul Bakhash states that reformers had a comfortable majority, however estimates differed as to the size of this majority. He cites Behzad Nabavi's account (reformers 200 seats, the conservatives 58, and independents 18) as "inflated", but considers Payam-e Emruz report (which states that 150 MPs are committed to the "2nd of Khordad agenda") reliable. Bakhash additionally suggests that votes cast for the Speakers provide a better gauge of the distribution of forces, concluding that 50 to 60 deputies were affiliated with the Combatant Clergy Association, 150 with Islamic Iran Participation Front and 15 to the Executives of Construction. [7]

Shaul Bakhash, is an Iranian-American historian in Iranian studies at George Mason University where he is a "Clarence J. Robinson Professor of History."

Behzad Nabavi Iranian politician

Behzad Nabavi is an Iranian reformist politician. He served as Deputy Speaker of the Parliament of Iran and was one of the founders of the reformist party Mojahedin of the Islamic Revolution Organization. Prior to his career as a democratic reformist, Nabavi was considered an ideologue of the Iranian Islamic left until that force was sidelined by conservatives in the 1990s.

Combatant Clergy Association

The Combatant Clergy Association is a politically active group in Iran, but not a political party in the traditional sense.

Nohlen et al. (2001)
In the following table, the Independents are counted as "allies".
PartySeats+/–
Islamic Iran Participation Front and allies216New
Combatant Clergy Association and allies74–36
Total290+20
Source: Nohlen et al. [2]
Abrahamian (2008)

Ervand Abrahamian cites that reformist enjoyed a majority (69.25%), or 26.8 million, of the 38.7 million voters who cast ballots in the February 18, 2000 first round. Ultimately reformists won 195 of the 290 Majlis seats in that election. [8]

Ervand Abrahamian is a historian of Middle Eastern and particularly Iranian history.

Kazemzadeh (2008)
FactionSeatsBloc seats
Right-wing hardliners 5075a
Executives of Construction 60215a
Reformists 130
Independents50 N/Aa
Total290
Source: Kazemzadeh [9]
a25 Independents for each bloc

See also

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References

  1. 1 2 3 4 "Parliamentary Chamber: Majlis Shoraye Eslami; Elections held in 2000", Inter-Parliamentary Union, retrieved 29 July 2017
  2. 1 2 Nohlen, Dieter; Grotz, Florian; Hartmann, Christof (2001). "Iran". Elections in Asia: A Data Handbook. I. Oxford University Press. pp. 68, 74. ISBN   0-19-924958-X.
  3. ↑ Guy Engelman (2 February 2000), "A Background to Iran's Forthcoming Majlis Elections", The Washington Institute for Near East Policy (PolicyWatch) (436), retrieved 29 August 2017
  4. ↑ Gholami, Fattah (23 February 2012). داستان انتخابات - ششمين دوره انتخابات مجلس شوراي اسلامياصلاح‌طلبان آمدند. Jamejam Online (in Persian). 100804970772. Retrieved 8 June 2012.
  5. ↑ Beheshti, Ebrahim (4 January 2016) [14 Dey 1394]. "گزارش "ایران" از صف‌آرایی گروه‌های سیاسی در ۹ دوره انتخابات مجلس" (in Persian) (6116). Iran. 109221. Retrieved 30 March 2016.
  6. ↑ A. W. Samii (March 2000), "Iran's 2000 Elections" (PDF), The Middle East Review of International Affairs, Rubin Center, 4 (1)
  7. 1 2 Shaul Bakhash (2001), "Reformists, Conservatives and Iran's Parliamentary Elections", in Joseph A. Kechichian, Iran, Iraq, and the Arab Gulf States, New York: Palgrave=, pp. 23, 29, ISBN   978-0-312-29388-8
  8. ↑ Ervand Abrahamian (2008), "The Islamic Republic", A History of Modern Iran, Cambridge University Press, p. 188, ISBN   978-0-521-82139-1, In parliamentary elections in 2000, they won 80 percent of the vote and obtained 195 of the 290 Majles seats.
  9. ↑ Masoud Kazemzadeh (2008), "Intra-Elite Factionalism and the 2004 Majles Elections in Iran", Middle Eastern Studies, 44 (2): 189–214, doi:10.1080/00263200701874867 – via Taylor and Francis Online (subscription required)
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