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Registered | 20,993,643 [1] | ||||||||||||||||
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Turnout | 67.42% [1] | ||||||||||||||||
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The First Iranian presidential election was held on January 25, 1980, one year after the Iranian Revolution when the Council of Islamic Revolution was in power.
The President of Iran is the head of government of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The President is the highest ranking official of Iran. The President carries out the decrees, and answers to the Supreme Leader of Iran, who functions as the country's head of state. Unlike the executive in other countries, the President of Iran does not have full control over anything, as these are ultimately under the control of the Supreme Leader. Chapter IX of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran sets forth the qualifications for presidential candidates. The procedures for presidential election and all other elections in Iran are outlined by the Supreme Leader. The President functions as the executive of the decrees and wishes of the Supreme Leader. These include signing treaties and other agreements with foreign countries and international organizations, with Supreme Leader's approval; administering national planning, budget, and state employment affairs, as decreed by the Supreme Leader. The President also appoints the ministers, subject to the approval of Parliament, and the Supreme Leader who can dismiss or reinstate any of the ministers at any time, regardless of the president or parliament's decision. The Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei directly chooses the ministries of Defense, Intelligence and Foreign Affairs, as well as certain other ministries, such as the Science Ministry. Iran’s regional policy is directly controlled by the office of the Supreme Leader with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs’ task limited to protocol and ceremonial occasions. All of Iran’s ambassadors to Arab countries, for example, are chosen by the Quds Corps, which directly reports to the Supreme Leader.
The Iranian Revolution was a series of events that involved the overthrow of the monarch of Iran, Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi, and the replacement of his government with an Islamic republic under the Grand Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, a leader of one of the factions in the revolt. The movement against the United States-backed monarchy was supported by various leftist and Islamist organizations and student movements.
The number of the candidates registered to run for the presidency was 124, but only 96 of them were allowed to run. [1] There were only 8 candidates with ballot access and the rest of candidates were write-in. [2]
A write-in candidate is a candidate in an election whose name does not appear on the ballot, but for whom voters may vote nonetheless by writing in the person's name. The system is almost totally confined to elections in the United States. Some U.S. states and local jurisdictions allow a voter to affix a sticker, with the write-in candidate's name, to the ballot in lieu of actually writing in the candidate's name. Write-in candidacies are sometimes a result of a candidate being legally or procedurally ineligible to run under his or her own name or party; write-in candidacies may be permitted where term limits bar an incumbent candidate from being officially nominated for, or being listed on the ballot for, re-election. In some cases, write-in campaigns have been organized to support a candidate who is not personally involved in running; this may be a form of draft campaign.
Hassan Ebrahim Habibi was an Iranian politician, lawyer, scholar and the first vice president from 1989 until 2001 under Presidents Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani and Mohammad Khatami. He was also a member of the High Council of Cultural Revolution and head of Academy of Persian Language and Literature from 2004 until his death in 2013.
The Islamic Republican Party formed in mid-1979 to assist the Iranian Revolution and Ayatollah Khomeini establish theocracy in Iran. It was disbanded in May 1987 due to internal conflicts.
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Seyyed Abolhassan Banisadr is an Iranian politician. He was the first President of Iran after the 1979 Iranian Revolution abolished the monarchy, serving from 4 February 1980 until he was impeached by parliament on 20 June 1981. Prior to his presidency, he was the minister of foreign affairs in the interim government. He has resided for many years in France where he co-founded the National Council of Resistance of Iran. At age 86, Banisadr is currently the oldest living former Iranian President.
Ahmad Madani was an Iranian politician, Commander of Iranian Navy (1979), governor of the Khuzestan province (1979–80) and candidate in the first Iranian presidential election. Madani became a navy Commodore in 1970, but was removed in 1973. He later became a navy commander after the revolution and was the first ever Minister of Defence under the new regime. Madani was also elected to the first parliament from Kerman, but was not approved. He eventually fled to the United States in 1980.
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Kazem Sami Kermani was Iran's minister of health in the transitional government of Mehdi Bazargan and leader of the Iranian Nation Liberation Movement (JAMA).
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Hassan Ayat was an Iranian politician. He was member of Parliament of Iran in first assembly after the Iranian Revolution and also member of Assembly of Experts for Constitution.
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Mohammed Sadeq Givi Khalkhali was a Shia cleric of the Islamic Republic of Iran who is said to have "brought to his job as Chief Justice of the revolutionary courts a relish for summary execution" that earned him a reputation as Iran's "hanging judge". A farmer's son from Iranian Azeri origins was born in Givi in appearance Khalkhali was "a small, rotund man with a pointed beard, kindly smile, and a high-pitched giggle."
Abolhassan Banisadr was elected as president.
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Independent | Abolhassan Banisadr | 10,709,330 | 75.6 | |||
Independent [lower-alpha 1] | Ahmad Madani | 2,224,554 | 15.71 | |||
Islamic Republican Party | Hassan Habibi | 674,859 | 3.35 | |||
Nation Party | Dariush Forouhar | 133,478 | 0.94 | |||
Independent [lower-alpha 2] | Sadeq Tabatabaei | 114,776 | 0.81 | |||
JAMA | Kazem Sami | 89,270 | 0.63 | |||
Independent | Sadegh Ghotbzadeh | 48,547 | 0.34 | |||
Other candidates | 2,110 | 0.01 | ||||
Valid votes | 13,994,814 | 98.93 | ||||
Blank or invalid votes | 151,806 | 1.07 | ||||
Totals | 14,146,620 | 100 | ||||
Voter turnout | 67.42 | |||||
Sources: Nohlen et al [7] and Iran Social Science Data Portal [1] |
# | Candidate | Votes [2] |
---|---|---|
1 | Abolhassan Banisadr | 1,833,197 |
2 | Ahmad Madani | 553,557 |
3 | Hassan Habibi | 90,228 |
4 | Sadeq Tabatabaei | 28,676 |
5 | Kazem Sami | 24,676 |
6 | Dariush Forouhar | 22,221 |
7 | Sadegh Ghotbzadeh | 12,207 |
8 | Mohammad Mokri | 299 |
9 | Mahmoud Seirafizadeh | 169 |
Others | <100 |
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