Iranian presidential election, 1980

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Iranian presidential election, 1980
Flag of Iran (1964).svg
25 January 1980 1981  →
Registered20,993,643 [1]
Turnout67.42% [1]
  President of iran Abolhassan Banisadr.jpg Ahmad Madani by NLAI.jpg
Nominee Abolhassan Banisadr Ahmad Madani
Party Independent Independent
Popular vote10,709,3302,224,554
Percentage75.6%15.71%
Elected President

Abolhassan Banisadr
Independent

The First Iranian presidential election was held on January 25, 1980, one year after the Iranian Revolution when the Council of Islamic Revolution was in power.

President of Iran position

The President of Iran is the head of government of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The President is the highest ranking official of Iran. The President carries out the decrees, and answers to the Supreme Leader of Iran, who functions as the country's head of state. Unlike the executive in other countries, the President of Iran does not have full control over anything, as these are ultimately under the control of the Supreme Leader. Chapter IX of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran sets forth the qualifications for presidential candidates. The procedures for presidential election and all other elections in Iran are outlined by the Supreme Leader. The President functions as the executive of the decrees and wishes of the Supreme Leader. These include signing treaties and other agreements with foreign countries and international organizations, with Supreme Leader's approval; administering national planning, budget, and state employment affairs, as decreed by the Supreme Leader. The President also appoints the ministers, subject to the approval of Parliament, and the Supreme Leader who can dismiss or reinstate any of the ministers at any time, regardless of the president or parliament's decision. The Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei directly chooses the ministries of Defense, Intelligence and Foreign Affairs, as well as certain other ministries, such as the Science Ministry. Iran’s regional policy is directly controlled by the office of the Supreme Leader with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs’ task limited to protocol and ceremonial occasions. All of Iran’s ambassadors to Arab countries, for example, are chosen by the Quds Corps, which directly reports to the Supreme Leader.

Iranian Revolution Revolution in Iran to overthrow the Shah replace him with Ayatollah Khomeini.

The Iranian Revolution was a series of events that involved the overthrow of the monarch of Iran, Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi, and the replacement of his government with an Islamic republic under the Grand Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, a leader of one of the factions in the revolt. The movement against the United States-backed monarchy was supported by various leftist and Islamist organizations and student movements.

Contents

Candidates

The number of the candidates registered to run for the presidency was 124, but only 96 of them were allowed to run. [1] There were only 8 candidates with ballot access and the rest of candidates were write-in. [2]

A write-in candidate is a candidate in an election whose name does not appear on the ballot, but for whom voters may vote nonetheless by writing in the person's name. The system is almost totally confined to elections in the United States. Some U.S. states and local jurisdictions allow a voter to affix a sticker, with the write-in candidate's name, to the ballot in lieu of actually writing in the candidate's name. Write-in candidacies are sometimes a result of a candidate being legally or procedurally ineligible to run under his or her own name or party; write-in candidacies may be permitted where term limits bar an incumbent candidate from being officially nominated for, or being listed on the ballot for, re-election. In some cases, write-in campaigns have been organized to support a candidate who is not personally involved in running; this may be a form of draft campaign.

Candidates with ballot access

Party nominees [2]
Hassan Habibi Iranian politician

Hassan Ebrahim Habibi was an Iranian politician, lawyer, scholar and the first vice president from 1989 until 2001 under Presidents Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani and Mohammad Khatami. He was also a member of the High Council of Cultural Revolution and head of Academy of Persian Language and Literature from 2004 until his death in 2013.

Islamic Republican Party political party

The Islamic Republican Party formed in mid-1979 to assist the Iranian Revolution and Ayatollah Khomeini establish theocracy in Iran. It was disbanded in May 1987 due to internal conflicts.

Dariush Forouhar Iranian politician

Dariush Forouhar was an Iranian pan-Iranist politician and leader of Nation Party of Iran.

Non-partisan candidates [2]
Abolhassan Banisadr First President of Islamic Republic of Iran

Seyyed Abolhassan Banisadr is an Iranian politician. He was the first President of Iran after the 1979 Iranian Revolution abolished the monarchy, serving from 4 February 1980 until he was impeached by parliament on 20 June 1981. Prior to his presidency, he was the minister of foreign affairs in the interim government. He has resided for many years in France where he co-founded the National Council of Resistance of Iran. At age 86, Banisadr is currently the oldest living former Iranian President.

Ahmad Madani Iranian politician

Ahmad Madani was an Iranian politician, Commander of Iranian Navy (1979), governor of the Khuzestan province (1979–80) and candidate in the first Iranian presidential election. Madani became a navy Commodore in 1970, but was removed in 1973. He later became a navy commander after the revolution and was the first ever Minister of Defence under the new regime. Madani was also elected to the first parliament from Kerman, but was not approved. He eventually fled to the United States in 1980.

National Front (Iran) political opposition party in Iran

The National Front of Iran is an opposition political organization in Iran, founded by Mohammad Mosaddegh in 1949. It is the oldest and arguably the largest pro-democracy group operating inside Iran despite having never been able to recover the prominence it had in the early 1950s.

Sadeq Tabatabaei Iranian politician

Sadeq Tabatabaei was an Iranian writer, journalist, TV host, university professor at the University of Tehran and politician who served as Deputy Prime Minister from 1979 to 1980. He was also Deputy Minister of the Interior and oversaw the referendum on establishing an Islamic Republic in March 1979. He was Iran's Ambassador to West Germany from 1982 until 1986.

Kazem Sami Iranian politician

Kazem Sami Kermani was Iran's minister of health in the transitional government of Mehdi Bazargan and leader of the Iranian Nation Liberation Movement (JAMA).

Sadegh Ghotbzadeh Iranian politician

Sadegh Ghotbzadeh was a close aide of Ayatollah Khomeini during his 1978 exile in France, and foreign minister during the Iran hostage crisis following the Iranian Revolution. In 1982, he was executed for allegedly plotting the assassination of Ayatollah Khomeini and the overthrow of the Islamic Republic.

Withdrew

Hassan Ayat Iranian politician

Hassan Ayat was an Iranian politician. He was member of Parliament of Iran in first assembly after the Iranian Revolution and also member of Assembly of Experts for Constitution.

Jalaleddin Farsi Iranian politician

Jaleleddin Farsi is an Iranian former politician who served as a member of the parliament from 1984 to 1988. He was also elected to the 73-man Assembly of Experts for Constitution responsible for drafting the constitution in 1979.

Sadegh Khalkhali Iranian cleric and politician

Mohammed Sadeq Givi Khalkhali was a Shia cleric of the Islamic Republic of Iran who is said to have "brought to his job as Chief Justice of the revolutionary courts a relish for summary execution" that earned him a reputation as Iran's "hanging judge". A farmer's son from Iranian Azeri origins was born in Givi in appearance Khalkhali was "a small, rotund man with a pointed beard, kindly smile, and a high-pitched giggle."

Declined to run

Endorsements

OrganizationCandidate
Combatant Clergy Association Abolhassan Banisadr [2]
Society of Seminary Teachers of Qom Hassan Habibi (Replaced Abolhassan Banisadr) [2]
Islamic Republican Party Hassan Habibi (Replaced Jalaleddin Farsi) [2]
Freedom Movement of Iran None [2]
Tudeh Party of Iran Hassan Habibi [3]
Nation Party of Iran Dariush Forouhar [2]
Revolutionary Movement of Muslim People of Iran Kazem Sami [2]
People's Mujahedin of Iran None(Initially Massoud Rajavi) [4]
Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan None(Initially Massoud Rajavi) [5]
Organization of People's Fedaian Majority and Minority None(Initially Massoud Rajavi) [6]
Movement of Militant Muslims None [3]
Socialist Workers' Party of Iran Babak Zahraei [3]
Fada'iyan-e Islam Abolhassan Banisadr [3]
Islamic Association of Teachers of Iran Abolhassan Banisadr [3]

Election results

Abolhassan Banisadr was elected as president.

Nationwide

PartyCandidateVotes%
Independent Abolhassan Banisadr 10,709,33075.6
Independent [lower-alpha 1] Ahmad Madani 2,224,55415.71
Islamic Republican Party Hassan Habibi 674,8593.35
Nation Party Dariush Forouhar 133,4780.94
Independent [lower-alpha 2] Sadeq Tabatabaei 114,7760.81
JAMA Kazem Sami 89,2700.63
Independent Sadegh Ghotbzadeh 48,5470.34
Other candidates2,1100.01
Valid votes13,994,81498.93
Blank or invalid votes151,8061.07
Totals14,146,620100
Voter turnout67.42
  1. ↑ National Front member
  2. ↑ Freedom Movement of Iran member

Sources: Nohlen et al [7] and Iran Social Science Data Portal [1]

Tehran

#CandidateVotes [2]
1 Abolhassan Banisadr 1,833,197
2 Ahmad Madani 553,557
3 Hassan Habibi 90,228
4 Sadeq Tabatabaei 28,676
5 Kazem Sami 24,676
6 Dariush Forouhar 22,221
7 Sadegh Ghotbzadeh 12,207
8 Mohammad Mokri 299
9Mahmoud Seirafizadeh169
Others<100

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References

  1. 1 2 3 4 "1980 Presidential Election". Iran Social Science Data Portal. Princeton University. Retrieved 15 February 2013.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 "First Term of Presidential Elections; 25 January 1980" [اولین دوره انتخابات ریاست جمهوری؛ 5 بهمن 1358] (in Persian). Islamic Revolution Document Center. 30110. Archived from the original on 3 March 2014. Retrieved 28 October 2016.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Fattah Gholami (25 January 2015). "How the First Term of Presidential Elections Was Held" [اولین انتخابات ریاست جمهوری چگونه برگزار شد] (in Persian). Jaam-e Jam. 383451. Retrieved 28 October 2016.
  4. ↑ Ervand Abrahamian (1989), Radical Islam: the Iranian Mojahedin, Society and culture in the modern Middle East, 3, I.B.Tauris, p. 198, ISBN   9781850430773
  5. ↑ Entessar, Nader. "Kurdish Politics in Regional Context". In Kurdish Politics in the Middle East. Rowman & Littlefield, 2010. p. 44. ISBN   0739140396, 9780739140390
  6. ↑ Parsa, Misagh (1989), Social Origins of the Iranian Revolution, Rutgers University Press, p. 255, ISBN   0813514126
  7. ↑ Nohlen, Dieter; Grotz, Florian; Hartmann, Christof (2001). "Iran". Elections in Asia: A Data Handbook. I. Oxford University Press. p. 75. ISBN   0-19-924958-X.


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