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447 seats comprising 14 of the 18 governorates of Iraq | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Colours show the largest list in every governorate State of Law Coalition Shiite List Liberal Coalition Muttahidoon Kurdistan Alliance Independents/Local List Elections not held |
This article is part of a series on the politics and government of Iraq |
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Governorate or provincial elections were held in Iraq on 20 April 2013, to replace the local councils in the governorates of Iraq that were elected in the Iraqi governorate elections of 2009. [1] Elections took place in 12 of Iraq's 18 governorates. Elections didn't take place in the 3 governorates forming the Kurdistan Region [2] [3] or Kirkuk, Anbar, or Ninevah, meaning that a total of 378 provincial council seats were up for election. [4] [5]
Iraq, officially the Republic of Iraq, is a country in Western Asia, bordered by Turkey to the north, Iran to the east, Kuwait to the southeast, Saudi Arabia to the south, Jordan to the southwest and Syria to the west. The capital, and largest city, is Baghdad. Iraq is home to diverse ethnic groups including Arabs, Kurds, Assyrians, Turkmen, Shabakis, Yazidis, Armenians, Mandeans, Circassians and Kawliya. Around 95% of the country's 37 million citizens are Muslims, with Christianity, Yarsan, Yezidism and Mandeanism also present. The official languages of Iraq are Arabic and Kurdish.
Iraq presently consists of 19 governorates, also known as "provinces". As per the Iraqi constitution, three or more governorates can join to form an autonomous region. Baghdad and Basra are the oldest standing administrative regions of Iraq while In 2014 the decision was made to create the Halabja Governorate out of the Halabja District of Sulaymaniyah Governorate.
Iraqi Kurdistan, officially called the Kurdistan Region of Iraq by the Iraqi constitution, is an autonomous region located in northern Iraq. It is also referred to as Southern Kurdistan, as Kurds generally consider it to be one of the four parts of Greater Kurdistan, which also includes parts of southeastern Turkey, northern Syria, and northwestern Iran.
The Iraqi government later decided on 19 March to delay the elections in the governorates of Anbar and Nineveh due to ongoing instability caused by the insurgency and the ongoing protests, [6] [7] prompting criticism from Muqtada al-Sadr [8] and John Kerry. [9] Elections for Anbar and Nineveh were held on 20 June. [10]
Al Anbar Governorate, or Anbar Province, is the largest governorate in Iraq by area. Encompassing much of the country's western territory, it shares borders with Syria, Jordan, and Saudi Arabia. The provincial capital is Ramadi; other important cities include Fallujah and Haditha.
The 2012–13 Iraqi protests started on 21 December 2012 following a raid on the home of Sunni Finance Minister Rafi al-Issawi and the arrest of 10 of his bodyguards. Beginning in Fallujah, the protests afterwards spread throughout Sunni Arab parts of Iraq. The protests centered on the issue of the alleged sectarianism of Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki. Pro-Maliki protests also took place throughout central and southern Iraq, where there is a Shia Arab majority. In April 2013, sectarian violence escalated after the 2013 Hawija clashes. The aggressive protests continued throughout 2013, and in December Maliki used security forces to forcefully close down the main protest camp, in Ramadi. Sunni groups, such as the Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order, took up arms in response, and joined forces with the General Military Council for Iraqi Revolutionaries (GMCIR), a militant group made up of former Ba'athists, to conduct a military campaign against the Iraqi government. The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) would later grow out of this civil conflict.
Muqtada al-Sadr is an Iraqi Shia cleric, politician and militia leader. He is descended from the Hashimites. He is the leader of the Sadrist Movement and the leader of Saraya al-Salam, a Shia militia that is a reformation of the previous militia he led during the American occupation of Iraq, the Mahdi Army.
There have been several disputes about the electoral law that is to be used for the election. The current electoral law, which was also used in the 2009 election, states that if certain parties don't get enough votes, their votes and seats are given to the larger parties. In the 2009 election this led to many smaller parties failing to take any seats. Because of the disproportionate affect this law had on smaller parties, the Supreme Court of Iraq declared the law unconstitutional, as it restricted democracy. [11]
In spite of this ruling, and mostly due to the fact that because the law benefits the largest parties they have little incentive to change it, the law has yet to be changed. If not changed, the unconstitutional nature of the law however would make the 2013 election results vulnerable to a legal challenge. [12] As a result, although this does not currently effect the work of the Independent High Electoral Commission, IHEC has been calling on the Iraqi government to pass changes to the law. [4]
The Independent High Electoral Commission is Iraq's electoral commission. The electoral commission is headed by a nine-member board. Seven of those members are voting and must be Iraqi citizens. The other two members are the Chief Electoral Officer and an outside expert appointed by the United Nations.
In response to this, on 13 December 2012 the Iraqi parliament voted to adopt the Sainte-Laguë method as the new electoral method. [13]
Parties and candidates wishing to stand for election had to register by the deadline of 25 November 2012. By the time of the deadline 243 entities, including 16 independent candidates, had registered, with some of the entities registering to participate for the first time. [4] As a result of the large number of applications submitted for the registration of political coalitions for the election, IHEC decided to extend the deadline for submissions from the 13th to the 18th of December. [14]
One of the biggest changes to the political coalitions taking part is the fact that the State of Law Coalition has expanded from its traditional supporters, with former opponents such as the Badr Organization, the National Reform Trend, the Islamic Virtue Party, and the secular Shiite White Iraqiya Bloc all joining the coalition for the election. Despite the massive size of the coalition, it is exclusively Shiite. [15] [16]
According to IHEC, a total of 8,224 candidates registered to run in the elections, including 131 candidates who have since been barred by IHEC from running due to their ties to the Iraqi Ba'ath Party. [17]
According to preliminary results from the 12 governorates were elections were held, Nouri al-Maliki's expanded State of Law Coalition would come in first place with 115 seats, second would come ISCI with 80 seats and Sadr Movement would win 50. [18]
With 87-90% of the vote counted, the results were as following: [18]
Province | Maliki | Hakim | Sadr | Allawi | Nujayfi | Mutlaq | Kurds | Pan-Shi'a | Local |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Basra | 46.3% | 19.6% | 9.6% | 2.0% | 1.6% | 5% | |||
Maysan | 32.4% | 22.9% | 33.1% | ||||||
Dhi Qar | 32.4% | 23.0% | 15.3% | 9.5% | |||||
Muthanna | 30.2% | 26.0% | 12.5% | 10.7% | |||||
Qadisiyyah | 29.6% | 17.1% | 13.4% | 8.3% | |||||
Babil | 20.5% | 20.8% | 9.3% | 4.4% | 12.4% | ||||
Najaf | 14.4% | 15.4% | 8.5% | 22.1% | |||||
Karbala | 23.1% | 9.1% | 12.2% | 9.4% | |||||
Wasit | 26.3% | 24.2% | 17.7% | 8.3% | |||||
Baghdad | 37.1% | 10.4% | 7.7% | 5.0% | 12.3% | 4.9% | |||
Saladin | - | - | - | 6.5% | 12.0% | 3.2% | 2.5% | 6.1% | 12.6% |
Diyala | - | - | - | 4.5% | 3.1% | 11.8% | 24.8% | ||
Source: Al Monitor, |
Party | Total Votes | Percentage | Total seats | Party Leader | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
State of Law Coalition | 1,890,567 | 26.21% | 102 | Nouri al-Maliki | |
Citizens Alliance | 943,646 | 13.08% | 66 | Ammar al-Hakim | |
Liberal Coalition | 653,763 | 9.06% | 60 | Muqtada al-Sadr | |
Muttahidoon | 518,968 | 7.19% | 35 | Atheel al-Nujaifi | |
Arabian Al Iraqia | 18 | Saleh al-Mutlaq | |||
Kurdistan List | 255,362 | 3.54% | 17 | Barham Salih | |
Al Iraqia National and United Coalition | 298,198 | 4.13% | 16 | Ayad Allawi | |
Loyalty to Najaf | 118,310 | 1.64% | 9 | Adnan al-Zurufi | |
Islamic Dawa Party - Iraq Organization | 7 | Hashim Al-Mosawy | |||
Iraqi People’s Coalition | 8 | ||||
Hope of Rafidain | 3 | ||||
Iraq’s Benevolence and Generosity List | 65,634 | 0.91% | 3 | Dr Rushdi Said | |
Iraqi Communist Party | 2 | Hamid Majid Mousa | |||
National White Bloc | 44,765 | 0.62% | 2 | Hassan Alawi | |
Other Parties | 99 | - | |||
Total | 7,214,146 | 100% | 447 | - | |
Source: ISW, Gulf Analysis, IHEC, Musings on Iraq |
Party | Total votes | Percentage | Seats | Party Leader | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Muttahidoon | 115,605 | 27.89% | 8 | Usama al-Nujayfi | ||
Aabiroun Coalition | 62,581 | 15.10% | 5 | Qasim Al-Fahdawi | ||
Arabian Al Iraqia | 57,332 | 13.83% | 4 | Saleh al-Mutlaq | ||
Al Iraqia National and United Coalition | 39,500 | 9.53% | 3 | Ayad Allawi | ||
Al Anbar United Coalition | 35,214 | 8.49% | 3 | Kamil al-Dulaymi | ||
National Cooperation Coalition | 32,718 | 7.89% | 2 | Ali Farhan | ||
People’s Will Project | 25,210 | 6.08% | 2 | Sheikh Mohamad Daham Al Farhan | ||
Iraq’s Affluents | 10,785 | 2.60% | 1 | Sheikh Jamal Al Jadaan | ||
Amiroun Coalition | 9,220 | 2.22% | 1 | Ahmad Raja | ||
Valiants of Iraq Bloc | 8,932 | 2.15% | 1 | Sheikh Majed Ali Al Sulayman | ||
Other parties | 17,457 | 4.21% | - | |||
Total | 414,554 | 100% | 30 | |||
Sources: al-Sumaria - al-Anbar Coalitions, IHEC |
Party | Total votes | Percentage | Seats | Party Leader | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
State of Law Coalition | 142,568 | 25.98% | 8 | Nouri al-Maliki | ||
Citizens Alliance | 115,188 | 20.99% | 7 | Ammar al-Hakim | ||
Independent Iraqi Qualifications Gathering | 69,087 | 12.59% | 4 | Hamed Ahmad Aboud Radi | ||
Liberal Coalition | 51,869 | 9.45% | 4 | Muqtada al-Sadr | ||
Babil Civil Alliance | 30,578 | 5.57% | 2 | Akil Jaber Hamza Saleh | ||
Al Iraqia National and United Coalition | 24,227 | 4.42% | 1 | |||
Iraq’s National Coalition | 20,755 | 3.78% | 1 | |||
Islamic Dawa Party - Iraq Organization | 19,527 | 3.56% | 1 | Hashim Al-Mosawy | ||
National Partnership Gathering | 18,565 | 3.38% | 1 | Mohamed Fadel Obeid Omran | ||
Al Amin Coalition | 16,865 | 3.07% | 1 | |||
Iraqia Babel | 12,754 | 2.32% | 1 | Usama al-Nujayfi Saleh al-Mutlaq | ||
Other parties | 26,688 | 4.86% | - | |||
Total | 548,671 | 100% | 31 | |||
Sources: ISW, al-Sumaria - Babil Coalitions, IHEC Babil Results |
Party | Total votes | Percentage | Seats | Party Leader | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
State of Law Coalition | 292,658 | 45.17% | 16 | Nouri al-Maliki | ||
Citizens Alliance | 121,875 | 18.81% | 6 | Ammar al-Hakim | ||
Liberal Coalition | 58,312 | 9.00% | 3 | Muqtada al-Sadr | ||
Basra Independent Coalition | 29,384 | 4.54% | 2 | |||
Gathering of Justice and Unity | 24,513 | 3.78% | 1 | al-Faiz | ||
Al Barsa’s Civil Alliance | 17,541 | 2.71% | 1 | |||
Alternative Movement | 15,643 | 2.41% | 1 | |||
Islamic Dawa Party - Iraq Organization | 15,493 | 2.39% | 1 | Hashim Al-Mosawy | ||
Will of Iraq Movement | 13,940 | 2.15% | 1 | |||
Al Iraqia National and United Coalition | 13,319 | 2.06% | 1 | Ayad Allawi | ||
Muttahidoon | 10,386 | 1.60% | 1 | Usama al-Nujayfi | ||
Other parties | 34,873 | 5.38% | - | |||
Total | 647,937 | 100% | 35 | |||
Sources: ISW, al-Sumaria - Basra Coalitions, IHEC Basra Results |
Party | Total votes | Percentage | Seats | Party Leader | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
State of Law Coalition | 176,861 | 10 | Nouri al-Maliki | |||
Citizens Alliance | 122,088 | 7 | Ammar al-Hakim | |||
Liberal Coalition | 81,338 | 7 | Muqtada al-Sadr | |||
Solidarity with Iraq | 50,363 | 3 | Talib Qathem Abdul Karim Al Hassan | |||
National Loyalty Bloc | 43,369 | 3 | Habib Nour Mahdi Nehme | |||
National Partnership Gathering | 26,670 | 2 | Hamid naim Khudayr Abdullah | |||
Civil Democratic Coalition | 17,906 | 1 | Shahid Ahmad Hassan Mohamed | |||
Other parties | - | |||||
Total | 100% | 31 | ||||
Sources: ISW, al-Sumaria - Dhi Qar Coalitions, IHEC Dhi Qar Results |
Party | Total votes | Percentage | Seats | Party Leader | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Diyala’s National Alliance | 170,292 | 37.08% | 12 | Nouri al-Maliki | ||
Iraqi Diyala | 149,535 | 32.56% | 10 | |||
Feylis Kurds Brotherhood List | 49,415 | 10.76% | 3 | |||
Al Iraqia National and United Coalition | 27,670 | 6.02% | 2 | Ayad Allawi | ||
Determined to Build | 17,935 | 3.90% | 1 | |||
Diyala’s New Coalition | 13,980 | 3.04% | 1 | |||
Other parties | 30,484 | 6.64% | - | |||
Total | 459,311 | 100% | 29 | |||
Sources: ISW, al-Sumaria - Diyala Coalitions, IHEC Diyala Results |
Party | Total votes | Percentage | Seats | Party Leader | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
State of Law Coalition | 84,447 | 7 | Nouri al-Maliki | |||
Liberal Coalition | 43,945 | 4 | Muqtada al-Sadr | |||
Al Liwa | 33,614 | 3 | ||||
Citizens Alliance | 33,362 | 3 | Ammar al-Hakim | |||
Hope for the Mesopotamia | 32,527 | 3 | ||||
Equitable State Movement | 32,454 | 3 | ||||
National Moderation Front | 18,501 | 2 | ||||
Iraq’s Advocates for State Support | 13,102 | 1 | ||||
Iraqi Justice and Democracy Alliance | 8,559 | 1 | ||||
Other parties | 2 | |||||
Total | 100% | 27 | ||||
Sources: ISW, al-Sumaria - Karbala Coalitions, IHEC Karbala Results |
Party | Total votes | Percentage | Seats | Party Leader | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal Coalition | 89,906 | 33.01% | 9 | Muqtada al-Sadr | ||
State of Law Coalition | 77,917 | 28.61% | 8 | Nouri al-Maliki | ||
Citizens Alliance | 63,060 | 23.15% | 6 | Ammar al-Hakim | ||
Honesty and Generosity | 11,605 | 4.26% | 1 | Sajed Abdul Wahed Karim Said | ||
National Partnership Gathering | 10,771 | 3.95% | 1 | Jasem Saheb Obeid Sadkhan | ||
National Flag Gathering | 9,814 | 3.60% | 1 | Naser Hussein Jabbar Ghadib | ||
Islamic Dawa Party - Iraq Organization | 5,615 | 2.06% | 1 | Hashim Al-Mosawy | ||
Other parties | 3,665 | 1.35% | - | |||
Total | 272,353 | 100% | 27 | |||
Sources: ISW, al-Sumaria - Maysan Coalitions, IHEC Maysan Results |
Party | Total votes | Percentage | Seats | Party Leader | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
State of Law Coalition | 76,777 | 30.61% | 9 | Nouri al-Maliki | ||
Citizens Alliance | 67,203 | 26.79% | 7 | Ammar al-Hakim | ||
Liberal Coalition | 31,290 | 12.47% | 3 | Muqtada al-Sadr | ||
Independent Iraqi Qualifications Gathering | 27,065 | 10.79% | 3 | Adel Nazek Abdul Saheb Ali | ||
Gathering for Al Muthana | 24,931 | 9.94% | 2 | Mohamd Radi Sultan Ashlukh | ||
Al Muthanna Alliance for Change & Reconstruction | 17,561 | 7.00% | 2 | Ghazi Mussa Kathem Abdul Hussein | ||
Other parties | 6,029 | 2.40% | - | |||
Total | 250,856 | 100% | 26 | |||
Sources: ISW, al-Sumaria - Muthanna Coalitions, IHEC Muthanna Results |
Party | Total votes | Percentage | Seats | Party Leader | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Loyalty to Najaf | 118,310 | 29.33% | 9 | Adnan al-Zurufi | ||
Citizens Alliance | 82,020 | 20.34% | 6 | Ammar al-Hakim | ||
State of Law Coalition | 76,519 | 18.97% | 5 | Nouri al-Maliki | ||
Liberal Coalition | 45,167 | 11.20% | 4 | Muqtada al-Sadr | ||
Equitable State Movement | 25,889 | 6.42% | 2 | |||
Najaf Province’s Change Coalition | 14,464 | 3.59% | 1 | |||
National Partnership Gathering | 14,314 | 3.55% | 1 | |||
Renaissance and Building Gathering | 8,521 | 2.11% | 1 | |||
Islamic Dawa Party - Iraq Organization | 7,571 | 1.88% | 1 | Hashim Al-Mosawy | ||
Other parties | 10,546 | 2.61% | - | |||
Total | 403,321 | 100% | 29 | |||
Sources: ISW, al-Sumaria - Najaf Coalitions, IHEC Najaf Results |
Party | Total votes | Percentage | Seats | Party Leader | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Brotherhood and Coexistence Alliance List | 173,687 | 29.87% | 11 | |||
Muttahidoon | 129,556 | 22.28% | 8 | Usama al-Nujayfi | ||
Loyalty to Nineveh List | 66,517 | 11.44% | 4 | Saleh al-Mutlaq | ||
United Nineveh | 45,971 | 7.91% | 3 | Sheikh Abdullah al-Yawer | ||
Iraqi Construction and Justice Gathering | 39,126 | 3 | Deldar Zebari | |||
Al Iraqia National and United Coalition | 31,276 | 2 | Ayad Allawi | |||
Nineveh’s Bravery Coalition | 23,361 | 1 | ||||
Nineveh’s National Alliance | 22,734 | 1 | ||||
Oum Rabih Tribes’ National Gathering | 21,349 | 1 | Hassan Khulayf | |||
Al Shabak Freemen Council | 12,689 | 1 | ||||
Yazidi Movement for Reform and Progress | 10,397 | 1 | ||||
Iraqi People’s Coalition | 8,633 | 1 | ||||
Chaldean Syriac Assyrian Gathering Coalition | 8,635 | 1 | ||||
Iraq’s Benevolence and Generosity List | 8,076 | 1 | Dr Rushdi Said | |||
Other parties | ||||||
Total | 581,449 | 100% | 39 | |||
Sources: al-Sumaria - Nineveh Coalitions, IHEC |
Party | Total votes | Percentage | Seats | Party Leader | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
State of Law Coalition | 114,697 | 8 | Nouri al-Maliki | |||
Citizens Alliance | 66,691 | 5 | Ammar al-Hakim | |||
Liberal Coalition | 50,544 | 4 | Muqtada al-Sadr | |||
Al Diwaniyah People’s Independent Coalition | 49,831 | 4 | Jaafar Mussa Zaalan Hachem | |||
National White Bloc | 33,092 | 2 | Khudayr Sharif Khudayr Razam | |||
Islamic Dawa Party - Iraq Organization | 29,517 | 2 | Hashim Al-Mosawy | |||
Loyalty to Iraq Coalition | 11,207 | 1 | Baqer Ali Shaalan Salman | |||
Al Diwaniyah’s Civil Alliance | 9,472 | 1 | Ali Fawzi Zaydan Kitn | |||
Equitable State Movement | 8,141 | 1 | Ghanem Mekled Jalub Aziz | |||
Other parties | ||||||
Total | 100% | 28 | ||||
Sources: ISW, al-Sumaria - Al-Qādisiyyah Coalitions, IHEC Al-Qādisiyyah Results |
Party | Total votes | Percentage | Seats | Party Leader | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Iraqi People’s Coalition | 95,338 | 7 | Ahmed al-Juburi | |||
Muttahidoon | 79,705 | 5 | Usama al-Nujayfi | |||
Iraq’s Authenticity Coalition | 66,549 | 5 | ||||
Al Iraqia National and United Coalition | 46,287 | 3 | Ayad Allawi | |||
Salahuddine National Alliance | 39,447 | 3 | ||||
Equality Front | 27,654 | |||||
Arabian Al Iraqia | 24,167 | 2 | Saleh al-Mutlaq | |||
Salahuddine Unified Coalition | 23,497 | 2 | Mukhlaf Audi Sueid Mukhlaf | |||
Brotherhood and Coexistence Alliance List | 21,373 | 1 | Mohamed Chehab Mohamed Samin | |||
Salahuddine Turkmen’s list | 18,395 | 1 | Ali Hachem Nuri Hassan | |||
Other parties | ||||||
Total | 100% | 29 | ||||
Sources: ISW, al-Sumaria - Salah ad Din Coalitions, IHEC Salah ad Din Results |
Party | Total votes | Percentage | Seats | Party Leader | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
State of Law Coalition | 96,664 | 27.22% | 7 | Nouri al-Maliki | ||
Citizens Alliance | 86,403 | 24.33% | 7 | Ammar al-Hakim | ||
Liberal Coalition | 63,584 | 17.91% | 5 | Muqtada al-Sadr | ||
Loyal Hands’ Gathering | 29,969 | 8.44% | 2 | |||
Social Justice State | 28,446 | 8.01% | 2 | |||
Iraq’s Benevolence and Generosity List | 13,678 | 3.85% | 1 | Dr Rushdi Said | ||
Al Iraqia National and United Coalition | 13,055 | 3.68% | 1 | Ayad Allawi | ||
Equitable State Movement | 8,447 | 2.38% | 1 | |||
Civil Democratic Alliance in Waset | 8,420 | 2.37% | 1 | |||
Feylis Kurds Brotherhood List | 2,212 | 0.62% | 1 | |||
Other parties | 4,181 | 1.18% | ||||
Total | 355,059 | 100% | 28 | |||
Sources: ISW, al-Sumaria - Wasit Coalitions, IHEC Wasit Results |
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