The Judiciary Act of 1789 was a United States federal statute enacted on September 24,1789,during the first session of the First United States Congress. It established the federal judiciary of the United States. Article III,Section 1 of the Constitution prescribed that the "judicial power of the United States,shall be vested in one Supreme Court,and such inferior Courts" as Congress saw fit to establish. It made no provision for the composition or procedures of any of the courts,leaving this to Congress to decide.
James Gray Carr is a senior United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Ohio.
James Chris Cacheris is a former United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia.
George Zvi-Arjie Singal is a senior United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Maine and also serves as a judge on the United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court.
Anne C. Conway is an American lawyer who serves as a senior United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida. She is a former judge of the United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court.
Michael Wise Mosman is a senior United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Oregon. He served as Chief Judge for the U.S. District Court for the District of Oregon from February 1,2016,to December 23,2019. He also served a 7-year term on the FISA Court from May 4,2013,to May 3,2020. He previously served as the United States attorney for the same district.
During President Jimmy Carter's presidency,he nominated four people for four different federal appellate judgeships who were not processed by the Democratic-controlled Senate Judiciary Committee before Carter's presidency ended. None of the four nominees were renominated by Carter's successor,President Ronald Reagan. Three of the nominees who were not processed were nominated after July 1,1980,the traditional start date of the unofficial Thurmond rule during a presidential election year. All four seats eventually were filled by appointees of President Ronald Reagan.
Harold Albert Baker was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Central District of Illinois. He was originally appointed to the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Illinois in 1978 by Jimmy Carter and then reassigned to the newly created Central District in 1979. He became a senior judge in 1994. He was also a judge of the United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court until 2005.
Claude Meredith Hilton is a senior United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia and heir to the Hilton hotel chain.
George Philip Kazen was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas from 1979 to 2018.
Robert Lowell Miller Jr. is an inactive United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Indiana.
James Robertson was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia from 1994 until his retirement in June 2010. Robertson also served on the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court from 2002 until December 2005,when he resigned from that court in protest against warrantless wiretapping.
Thomas Banister Russell is a former United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Kentucky. He also served as a judge of the United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court from 2015 to 2022. He served as a judge of the Alien Terrorist Removal Court from 2016 to 2021.
Lisa Godbey Wood is an American lawyer who has served as a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Georgia since 2007,serving as chief judge from 2010 to 2017. In November 2023,she was designated by Chief Justice John Roberts to serve as a judge of the United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review.
Susan Webber Wright is a senior United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Arkansas. Wright is a former judge on the United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court. She received national attention when she first dismissed the sexual harassment lawsuit brought by Paula Jones against President Bill Clinton in 1998,and then,in 1999,found Clinton to be in civil contempt of court.
Rudolph Contreras is a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia. He served as Presiding Judge on the United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court from 2021 to 2023.
John Joseph Tharp Jr. is an American lawyer who has served as an United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois since 2012. He concurrently serves as a judge of the United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court since 2018.
Amit Priyavadan Mehta is an American lawyer who has served as United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia since 2014. In 2021,Mehta became a judge on the United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court.
Thomas Tullidge Cullen is an American lawyer who has served as a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Virginia since 2020. He served as a United States attorney for the same district from 2018 to 2020.
Robert Stewart Ballou is an American lawyer serving as a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Virginia. He previously served as a United States magistrate judge for the same court.
