Jawbreaker (film)

Last updated

Jawbreaker
JawbreakerPoster.jpg
Theatrical release poster
Directed by Darren Stein
Written byDarren Stein
Produced by
  • Lisa Tornell
  • Stacy Kramer
Starring
Cinematography Amy Vincent
Edited byTroy T. Takaki
Music by Stephen Endelman
Production
companies
Distributed by Sony Pictures Releasing
Release dates
  • January 30, 1999 (1999-01-30)(Sundance)
  • February 19, 1999 (1999-02-19)(United States)
Running time
87 minutes
CountryUnited States
LanguageEnglish
Budget$3.5 million
Box office$3.1 million [1]

Jawbreaker is a 1999 American teen black comedy crime film written and directed by Darren Stein. The film stars Rose McGowan, Rebecca Gayheart, and Julie Benz as girls in an exclusive clique in their high school. Charlotte Ayanna has a non-speaking cameo role as the murdered fourth member of the group. The film was inspired by the 1988 film Heathers , and is often compared to it, particularly the use of bright pastels, the plot involving a popular female clique, and the ostensibly accidental killing of one of its members.

Contents

Stein explained his concept for the film as, "The jawbreaker just came to represent the duality of the poppy sweetness of the girls, of high school and of youth, versus the whole idea that this thing could break your jaw." [2] The film was released on February 19, 1999, and was a critical and commercial failure, although it has come to gain a cult following.

Plot

The "Flawless Four" are the most popular girls in Reagan High School, consisting of Courtney Shayne, Marcie Fox, Julie Freeman, and Liz Purr. Of the foursome, only Liz is genuinely kind-hearted and loved by the entire school. Julie is popular because of her looks and being best friends with Liz, while queen bee Courtney and her airhead follower, Marcie, demand respect through terror.

On the morning of Liz's 17th birthday, Courtney, Marcie, and Julie bind her with ropes, gag her with a jawbreaker, and seal her mouth with duct tape. The girls lock Liz in the trunk of a car and drive off, planning to take her to a restaurant for breakfast. Upon opening the trunk, they discover Liz has choked to death on the jawbreaker.

Julie wants to report the situation to the police, but Courtney instead calls the school to tell them Liz is ill and cannot attend; the three later go to school. When Principal Sherwood sends outcast Fern Mayo to deliver Liz's homework at the end of the day, she encounters the three girls and Liz's dead body. Courtney says Liz was killed by a rapist, and spreads false rumors she was actually a rebellious, promiscuous girl.

Having admired Liz to the point of hero worship, Fern flees in horror. The girls catch her and buy her silence by accepting her into the clique. Courtney and Marcie transform Fern into a beautiful exchange student named "Vylette."

Overwhelmed by guilt at her part in Liz's death, Julie distances herself from the clique, but is tormented by her former friends and becomes a new target for abuse throughout the school. Her only real friend during this time is her boyfriend and drama student, Zack. As Vylette's popularity soars, Julie silently watches as Courtney tries covering up the murder and maintaining her popularity. Julie learns that, after they returned Liz to her house, Courtney seduced a stranger at a bar and had sex with him in Liz's bed, making it seem as though he had raped Liz.

Vylette becomes intoxicated with her new-found popularity, which has eclipsed Courtney's own. Courtney and Marcie post enlarged yearbook photos of Fern all over the school, revealing Vylette's true identity and leaving her humiliated. Julie sympathizes with Fern and forgives her for falling under Courtney's influence.

While Courtney attends the senior prom with jock Dane Sanders, Julie is at home going through a bag of Liz's belongings that were given to her. Finding a recordable greeting card she was fiddling with when Courtney was faking Liz's death scene, Julie discovers it has recorded Courtney's culpability in Liz's death. Julie, Fern, and Zack travel to the prom.

When Dane and Courtney are announced as prom king and queen, Zack secretly broadcasts the card's message over the sound system, revealing the truth behind Liz's death. Dane quickly abandons Courtney while Marcie hides under a table. With her crimes now exposed, Courtney flees as the rest of the angered students pelt her with corsages and call her a murderer while blocking any paths of escape. Julie snaps a picture of her former friend's anguished face to immortalize the occasion.

Cast

Production

Director Darren Stein brought his script to executives at Columbia TriStar, who agreed to finance the film if he could cast Natalie Portman, Kate Winslet, or Rose McGowan. [3] The role of Julie originally went to Rachael Leigh Cook, who was eventually replaced with Rebecca Gayheart because the producers felt she did not have the right chemistry with the two other actresses. [3] Gayheart had auditioned for the roles of Fern and Marcie before she was selected for Julie. Marilyn Manson, who was then dating McGowan, agreed to appear in a non-speaking cameo role.

On a small budget of $3.5 million, Jawbreaker was filmed at locations in and around the Los Angeles area. 'Reagan High School' was actually University High School in West Los Angeles, with the cafeteria scenes filmed at Notre Dame High School in Sherman Oaks. [3] The diner that the girls drive up to at the beginning of the film is Johnie's Broiler in Downey, California, the filming site for many film and television productions. McGowan based her performance on that of Gene Tierney's sociopathic character in Leave Her to Heaven (1945). [3]

The distinctive costumes were designed by Vikki Barrett, who drew on 1980s and 1950s-era fashion trends blended with fetishistic elements like lycra skirts, all in bright candy colors to evoke the jawbreaker. [3]

Before the film could be released, the MPAA objected to a graphic sex scene between McGowan's and Marilyn Manson's characters, which had to be cut down to give the film an R rating instead of an NC-17. [3] To accompany the release of the film, Imperial Teen's music video for the song "Yoo Hoo" featured McGowan as Courtney Shayne harassing the band members with jawbreakers. [4]

Reception

Many critics pointed out the film's similarities to the 1988 cult-classic Heathers and accused Jawbreaker of plagiarism. On Metacritic the film has a score of 22% based on reviews from 21 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews". [5] On Rotten Tomatoes it has an approval rating of 14% based on 64 reviews, with an average of 3.6 out of 10. The website's consensus states, "This throwaway comedy falls victim to its hip sensibilities." [6] Audiences surveyed by CinemaScore gave Jawbreaker a grade D+. [7]

Roger Ebert gave the film one and a half out of four stars, stating, "The movie is a slick production of a lame script ... If anyone in the plot had the slightest intelligence, the story would implode." [8] Francesca Dinglasan from Boxoffice magazine gave the film one and a half out of five stars, criticizing the film's humor and similarities to Heathers . [9]

James Berardinelli gave the film a more favorable two and a half out of four stars, calling it "palatable, and occasionally even clever", but concluding, "while the film offers more than a Heathers rehash, it never fully develops its own identity". [10]

McGowan was nominated for the MTV Movie Award for Best Villain, but lost to Matt Dillon for his role as Pat Healy There's Something About Mary. [11]

Legacy

Despite the negative critical feedback, Jawbreaker found success through home video release and subsequent television airings; it has developed a cult following. Vice magazine called the film a "teen classic" when it published a retrospective in 2016 titled "Perverting the Youth of America: The Oral History of Teen Classic Jawbreaker". [3] Similarities have been drawn between Jawbreaker, Heathers , and the 2004 film Mean Girls . [12] Dazed magazine published a similar feature, crediting the film with inspiring 2004's Mean Girls, and praising the dark tones and performances. [13]

McGowan's Courtney Shayne has become something of a pop culture icon on social media, [14] with TribecaFilm.com declaring of McGowan's performance that "...every single line-reading was a thing of Bette Davis-aspiring beauty, and with any justice, it's a performance that will only grow in esteem over time."

Jawbreaker's costumes have also been celebrated, [15] drawing praise from the likes of Vogue [16] and Rookie magazines. [17] The scene where the actresses strut down the hallway in slow-motion to Imperial Teen's "Yoo Hoo" has become a signature feature of the film, drawing homage in film and television, most notably Mean Girls, and being parodied in films like Not Another Teen Movie (2001). [3] [18]

In 2014, Judy Greer said in an interview: "I really didn't think it was anything special while we were shooting it, but when I saw the final product, I knew it was really good. I was so proud of it. I thought it looked beautiful. It had just the right amount of sexy, pop culture fun to it. I do think it's quite special." [19]

Soundtrack

  1. "Yoo Hoo" (Imperial Teen) – 3:31
  2. "I See" (Letters To Cleo) – 3:56
  3. "Next to You" (Ednaswap) – 2:35
  4. "Don't Call Me Babe" (Shampoo) – 2:58
  5. "Bad Word for a Good Thing" (Friggs) – 2:53
  6. "Stay in Bed" (Grand Mal) – 4:49
  7. "Flow" (Transister) – 5:59
  8. "She Bop" (Howie Beno) – 3:06
  9. "Water Boy" (Imperial Teen) – 1:36
  10. "Rock You Like a Hurricane" (Scorpions) – 4:14
  11. "Rock 'n' Roll Machine" (The Donnas) – 2:54
  12. "Beat You Up" (The Prissteens) – 2:36
  13. "Trouble" (Shampoo) – 3:21
Songs not included on the soundtrack

Connie Francis did not approve the use of her song "Lollipop Lips" in this film, which was used without her permission and was heard during a sex scene. [20] [21] Francis filed two lawsuits over the unauthorized use of her song in Jawbreaker. [20] [21] In 2002, Francis sued her record company Universal Music Group (UMG) for allowing several of her songs to be synchronized to "sexually themed" movies. [20] Jawbreaker was specifically mentioned by name in the lawsuit. [20] Francis was unsuccessful and the judge threw the case out of court. [22] The second lawsuit involved Francis suing the producers of Jawbreaker for the unauthorized use of "Lollipop Lips" in the film. [21]

Musical adaptation

In 2010, efforts began to adapt Jawbreaker into a musical. On July 29, 2010, a Los Angeles concert presentation occurred starring Shoshana Bean, Lesli Margherita and Jenna Leigh Green. Original film writer-director Darren Stein returned to write the book while Jeff Thomson and Jordan Mann wrote original music and lyrics. Jen Bender directed the production with musical direction by Adam Gubman. [23]

On October 13, 2011, a Manhattan reading occurred with Diana DeGarmo in the role of Fern Mayo. Gabriel Barre directed this reading. [24]

On September 26 and 27 in 2013, MadBromance Productions hosted a 29 hour reading of Jawbreaker: The Musical in Manhattan. Starring Elizabeth Gillies as Courtney Shayne, Gillies was joined by JoJo (singer) as Julie, Diana DeGarmo as Fern Mayo, and Libby Servais as Foxy. Gabriel Barre directed once again while Shea Sullivan choreographed, and James Sampliner provided musical direction. [25]

The musical has been described as having a "propulsive pop score that ranges from Lady Gaga-style synth pop to lush melodic ballads, Jawbreaker feels both timeless and today, presenting a mythic high school story that speaks to the teenager in us all." [26]

Television series

It was announced in February 2017 that the film would be reimagined as a television series for E! Darren Stein, the writer and director of the original film, was said to write and produce the series, [27] [28] but no further developments were made.

Related Research Articles

<i>Heathers</i> 1988 American black comedy film by Michael Lehmann

Heathers is a 1988 American teen black comedy film written by Daniel Waters and directed by Michael Lehmann, in both of their respective film debuts. The film stars Winona Ryder, Christian Slater, Shannen Doherty, Lisanne Falk, Kim Walker, and Penelope Milford. Its plot portrays four teenage girls—three of whom are named Heather—in a clique at an Ohio high school, one of whose lives is disrupted by the arrival of a misanthrope intent on murdering the popular students and staging their deaths as suicides.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Diana DeGarmo</span> American singer-songwriter

Diana Nicole DeGarmo is an American singer-songwriter and actress. She rose to fame in 2004 as the runner-up of the third season of American Idol, releasing her debut studio album, Blue Skies, later that year. The following year, DeGarmo ventured into a career in musical theatre. She has starred in two Broadway, one off-Broadway and three national tours. She made her television acting debut in a six-month arc as Angelina Veneziano on The Young and the Restless. DeGarmo has since released two extended plays, Unplugged in Nashville (2009) and Live to Love (2012). She is married to fifth season American Idol finalist Ace Young.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rebecca Gayheart</span> American actress (born 1971)

Rebecca Gayheart is an American actress and model. She began her career as a teen model in the 1980s and subsequently appeared in a student short film by Brett Ratner, with whom she had an extensive relationship.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Brittany Snow</span> American actress (born 1986)

Brittany Anne Snow is an American actress and singer. She rose to prominence after appearing in the CBS soap opera Guiding Light (1998–2001), for which she won a Young Artist Award for Best Young Actress and was nominated for two other Young Artist Awards and a Soap Opera Digest Award. She then starred in the NBC drama series American Dreams (2002–2005), for which she was nominated for a Young Artist Award and three Teen Choice Awards.

Imperial Teen is a San Francisco–based indie pop group made up of Roddy Bottum, primarily on guitar/vocals; Will Schwartz, primarily on guitar/vocals; Lynn Truell, primarily on drums and backing vocals; and Jone Stebbins, primarily on bass and backing vocals. Imperial Teen became known for its boy–girl harmonies and for all four members switching off and on instruments during shows.

<i>Not Another Teen Movie</i> 2001 film by Joel Gallen

Not Another Teen Movie is a 2001 American teen parody film directed by Joel Gallen and written by Mike Bender, Adam Jay Epstein, Andrew Jacobson, Phil Beauman, and Buddy Johnson. It features Chyler Leigh, Chris Evans, Jaime Pressly, Eric Christian Olsen, Eric Jungmann, Mia Kirshner, Deon Richmond, Cody McMains, Sam Huntington, Samm Levine, Cerina Vincent, Ron Lester, Randy Quaid, Lacey Chabert, Riley Smith and Samaire Armstrong.

<i>Valley Girl</i> (1983 film) 1983 film by Martha Coolidge

Valley Girl is a 1983 American teen romantic comedy film directed by Martha Coolidge and written and produced by Wayne Crawford and Andrew Lane. Loosely based on the tragedy Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare, the film centers on the romance between a valley girl and a city punk. Michelle Meyrink, Elizabeth Daily, Cameron Dye and Michael Bowen appear in supporting roles. Valley Girl was released in the United States on April 29, 1983 to critical and commercial success.

<i>American Pie</i> (film) 1999 American film

American Pie is a 1999 American coming-of-age teen sex comedy film directed and co-produced by Paul Weitz and written by Adam Herz. The film's main ensemble cast includes Jason Biggs, Chris Klein, Alyson Hannigan, Natasha Lyonne, Thomas Ian Nicholas, Tara Reid, Mena Suvari, Eddie Kaye Thomas, and Seann William Scott, with Eugene Levy, Shannon Elizabeth, Chris Owen, and Jennifer Coolidge in notable supporting roles. The story follows a group of high school classmates who make a pact to lose their virginity before they graduate.

A queen bee is a woman who dominates or leads a group, is in a favoured position or behaves as such. The term has been applied in several social settings.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rose McGowan</span> American actress and activist (born 1973)

Rósa Arianna "Rose" McGowan is an American actress and activist. After her film debut in a brief role in the comedy Encino Man (1992), she achieved recognition for her performance in the dark comedy The Doom Generation (1995), receiving an Independent Spirit Award nomination for Best Debut Performance. She had her breakthrough in the horror film Scream (1996) and subsequently headlined the films Going All the Way (1997), Devil in the Flesh (1998) and Jawbreaker (1999).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Elizabeth Gillies</span> American actress and singer (born 1993)

Elizabeth Egan Gillies is an American actress and singer. She made her Broadway debut at age 15 in the musical 13, playing the character of Lucy. After her first television appearance in The Black Donnellys (2007), she went on to star as Jade West in the Nickelodeon series Victorious (2010–2013), Gigi Rock in the FX comedy series Sex & Drugs & Rock & Roll (2015–2016) and Fallon Carrington on The CW reboot of Dynasty (2017–2022). She voiced Daphne in the Nickelodeon series Winx Club (2011–2014) and Catwoman / Selina Kyle in the animated film Catwoman: Hunted (2022), and has appeared in various feature and television films, including the horror film Animal (2014), the television film Killing Daddy (2014), the comedy film Vacation (2015), and the black comedy thriller film Arizona (2018).

Darren Stein is an American film director, screenwriter, and film producer who grew up in Los Angeles's San Fernando Valley. Among his works include the documentary Put the Camera on Me, the 2010 horror comedy All About Evil, and the satirical major motion picture Jawbreaker, which was deemed a "cult classic" by the New York Post.

<i>Heathers: The Musical</i> Musical based on the 1988 film Heathers

Heathers: The Musical is a musical with music, lyrics and book by Laurence O'Keefe and Kevin Murphy, based on the 1988 film of the same name written by Daniel Waters. The producers include J. Todd Harris, Amy Powers, RJ Hendricks, and Andy Cohen. After a sold-out Los Angeles tryout, the show moved Off-Broadway in 2014. After the run in 2014, the show had an Off-West End run in 2018 and then transferred to the West End in 2018 for a limited engagement. In 2022, Roku released the Off-West end version of Heathers on their streaming service for free.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ryah Nixon</span> American actress

Ryah Nixon is a graduate of the Carnegie Mellon University School of Drama, class of 2009. Classmates include: Kyle Beltran, Hunter Ryan Herdlicka, Steffanie Leigh, and Ian Harding. She is originally from Seattle, Washington and attended Roosevelt High School.

<i>G.B.F.</i> (film) 2013 American teen comedy film

G.B.F. is a 2013 American teen comedy film directed by Darren Stein and produced by School Pictures, Parting Shots Media, and Logolite Entertainment. The film had its first official screening at the 2013 Tribeca Film Festival in April 2013 and was released theatrically on January 17, 2014, by Vertical Entertainment. G.B.F. focuses on closeted gay high school students Tanner and Brent. When Tanner is outed, he is picked up by the cool girls. He begins to surpass still-closeted Brent in popularity.

<i>Life of the Party</i> (2018 film) 2018 film by Ben Falcone

Life of the Party is a 2018 American comedy film directed by Ben Falcone and written by Falcone and Melissa McCarthy. The film, starring McCarthy and Molly Gordon, follows a newly divorced mother who returns to college to complete her degree, and ends up bonding with her daughter's friends.

<i>Blockers</i> (film) 2018 American sex comedy film

Blockers is a 2018 American sex comedy film directed by Kay Cannon in her directorial debut, and written by Brian and Jim Kehoe, and starring John Cena, Leslie Mann, and Ike Barinholtz with supporting roles by Kathryn Newton, Geraldine Viswanathan, Gideon Adlon, Graham Phillips, Miles Robbins, Jimmy Bellinger, Colton Dunn, Sarayu Blue, Gary Cole, Gina Gershon, June Diane Raphael, and Hannibal Buress. It tells the story of a trio of parents who try to stop their respective daughters from losing their virginity on prom night. The title of the film is a reference to the act of "cockblocking", with marketing materials displaying a rooster above the title.

<i>The Kissing Booth</i> 2018 American teen romantic comedy film

The Kissing Booth is a 2018 American teen romantic comedy film written and directed by Vince Marcello, based on the 2012 novel of the same name by Beth Reekles. It stars Joey King, Jacob Elordi, and Joel Courtney. The film follows Elle (King), a quirky, late blooming teenager whose budding romance with high school senior and bad boy Noah (Elordi) puts her lifelong friendship with Noah's younger brother Lee (Courtney) in jeopardy.

<i>Valley Girl</i> (2020 film) 2020 film by Rachel Lee Goldenberg

Valley Girl is a 2020 American jukebox musical romantic comedy film directed by Rachel Lee Goldenberg, written by Amy Talkington from a story by Wayne Crawford and Andrew Lane, and produced by Matt Smith and Steven J. Wolfe. It is a remake of the 1983 film of the same name and stars Jessica Rothe, Josh Whitehouse, Logan Paul, and Judy Greer. The film follows Julie Richman, a Valley girl, who falls in love with Randy, a rebellious punk, during the early 1980s.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Courtney Shayne</span> Character in the film Jawbreaker

Courtney Alice Shayne is a fictional character who appears in the 1999 film Jawbreaker, portrayed by Rose McGowan.

References

  1. ↑ "Jawbreaker". Box Office Mojo . Archived from the original on January 6, 2010. Retrieved February 5, 2010.
  2. ↑ Maslin, Janet (February 19, 1999). "'Jawbreaker': Teen Queens of Mean". The New York Times . Archived from the original on December 21, 2018. Retrieved December 20, 2018.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Sunderland, Mitchell (August 14, 2016). "'Perverting the Youth of America': The Oral History of Teen Classic 'Jawbreaker'". Broadly. Archived from the original on April 1, 2019. Retrieved July 4, 2017.
  4. ↑ Imperial Teen Yoo Hoo Music Video. YouTube.com. February 5, 2011. Archived from the original on December 21, 2021. Retrieved July 20, 2017.
  5. ↑ "Jawbreaker". Metacritic . Archived from the original on June 25, 2021. Retrieved May 4, 2020.
  6. ↑ "Jawbreaker". Rotten Tomatoes . Archived from the original on September 4, 2022. Retrieved July 20, 2022.
  7. ↑ JAWBREAKER (1999) Archived 2018-12-20 at the Wayback Machine CinemaScore
  8. ↑ Ebert, Roger (February 19, 1999). "Jawbreaker". Chicago Sun-Times . Archived from the original on April 29, 2020. Retrieved February 5, 2020.
  9. ↑ Dinglasan, Francesca (August 1, 2008). "Jawbreaker". Boxoffice magazine. Archived from the original on January 7, 2010. Retrieved February 5, 2010.
  10. ↑ Berardinelli, James (February 19, 1999). "Jawbreaker". Reelviews.net. Archived from the original on April 18, 2020. Retrieved February 5, 2020.
  11. ↑ "1999 MTV Movie Awards Coverage". DigitalHit.com. Archived from the original on November 1, 2022. Retrieved November 1, 2022.
  12. ↑ Gordon Cox (October 18, 2013). "'Mean Girls', 'Heathers', 'Jawbreaker', Heading to New York Theater". Variety . Archived from the original on June 12, 2018. Retrieved April 28, 2017.
  13. ↑ Taylor, Trey (2014). "Rose McGowan and Darren Stein on Jawbreaker". Dazed . Archived from the original on March 14, 2017. Retrieved July 4, 2017.
  14. ↑ Peitzman, Louis (September 11, 2013). "25 Reasons to Worship Courtney Shayne from "Jawbreaker"". BuzzFeed. Archived from the original on December 21, 2018. Retrieved July 4, 2017.
  15. ↑ Isabella, Laura (July 6, 2014). "Top Ten 1990s Teen Movie Outfits". hungertv.com. Archived from the original on January 16, 2017. Retrieved July 4, 2017.
  16. ↑ Satenstein, Liana (February 16, 2017). "Jawbreaker Is Coming Back as a TV Series! Here Are the Film's Best Fashion Moments". Vogue. Retrieved July 4, 2017.
  17. ↑ Lodi, Marie (September 11, 2013). "Role Models Power Suits: High School Edition". Rookie Magazine. Archived from the original on June 29, 2017. Retrieved July 4, 2017.
  18. ↑ Lambe, Stacy (January 14, 2014). "Exclusive: The G.B.F. Cast Recreate Jawbreaker's Famous Slow-Mo Walk". Vh1.com. Archived from the original on December 24, 2017. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
  19. ↑ Weiselman, Jarett (April 23, 2014). "How Judy Greer Became Hollywood's Most In-Demand Best Friend". BuzzFeed . Archived from the original on February 16, 2019. Retrieved February 12, 2019.
  20. 1 2 3 4 Self, Henry (2003). "Moral Rights and Musicians in the United States" (PDF). 2003–2004 Entertainment, Publishing and the Arts Handbook 165. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 16, 2012. Retrieved April 29, 2013.
  21. 1 2 3 "Who's sorry now, indeed – the Buzz – Connie Francis suit against Universal Music Corp". The Advocate. Liberation Publications, Inc. April 16, 2002. Archived from the original on February 17, 2023. Retrieved September 21, 2013.
  22. ↑ Bureau of, National Affairs (2003). BNA's Patent, Trademark & Copyright Journal. p. 228. Retrieved October 17, 2017.
  23. ↑ Hetrick, Adam. "Bean, Margherita, Thomas and More to Sing Jawbreaker in Los Angeles". Playbill. Retrieved January 10, 2024.
  24. ↑ Hetrick, Adam. "Jawbreaker Musical Will Have NYC Reading With Diana DeGarmo". Playbill. Retrieved January 10, 2024.
  25. ↑ Gans, Andrew. "Readings of Jawbreaker: The Musical, with Diana DeGarmo, Kate Flannery, Elizabeth Gillies, Presented Sept. 26-27". Playbill. Retrieved January 10, 2024.
  26. ↑ Wolman, Lauren. "STAGE TUBE: JAWBREAKER: THE MUSICAL". Broadway World. Retrieved January 10, 2024.
  27. ↑ Petski, Denise (February 15, 2017). "'Jawbreaker': E! Developing Series Adaptation of Teen Cult Film". Deadline. Retrieved May 22, 2017.
  28. ↑ "'Jawbreaker' TV Series in the Works at E!". The Hollywood Reporter . February 15, 2017. Archived from the original on March 3, 2020. Retrieved May 22, 2017.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.