Jayasimha I (Chudasama dynasty)

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Jayasimha I
Ra of Saurashtra
Reign13511378 CE
Predecessor Khengara
Successor Mahipala II
Issue Mahipala II, Satyaraja, Mokalasimha
Era name and dates
Vikram Samvat: 14071435
Dynasty Chudasama dynasty
Father Khengara
Religion Hinduism

Jayasimha I [upper-alpha 1] was a Chudasama king of Saurashtra region of western India who reigned from 1351 CE to 1378 CE (VS 1407 to VS 1435). [1] His capital was at Junagadh.

Contents

Reign

Jayasimha I succeeded his father Khengara in 1351 CE. He is said in the Mandalika Kavya to have been victorious over his enemies but Mandalika Kavya is unreliable source. Delhi Sultan Muhammad bin Tughluq was succeeded by Firuz Shah Tughlaq when he died in 1351 CE. The country around Somnath and the sea-coast of Sorath continued to be under Delhi Sultanate but the Sultanate was weakened. Taking advantage of the situation, Jayasimha expelled Muslim thanadars appointed by the Sultanate from the region. Firuz Shah Tughluq's governor of Gujarat, Zafar Khan Farasi send an army. His commander Shams Khan defeated Jayasimha and appointed a thanadar. [1]

He is mentioned in the inscription (VS 1434/1377 CE) on paliya at Nagichana near Mangrol. So he must have regained the power. The paliya inscription (VS 1435/1378 CE) at Osa near Junagadh mentions that Junagadh was under ''thanadar'' named Mahamalik Muhammad Sadik and Raval Mahipaladeva. Jayasimha was succeeded by his son, Mahipala II. So he must have died in 1378 CE. His other sons were Satyaraja; mentioned in Sudavav inscription (VS 1437/1381 CE) at Mahuva, Bhavnagar; and Mokalasimha who succeeded Mahipala II. [1] [2]

Zafar Khan Farsi's another commander Malek Izzuddin Yahya attacked and defeated Mangrol chief Thakor Kumarapala died in the battle. Mangrol fell under the Sultanate (1368 CE). [1]

Notes

  1. Older chronology mentions him as Jayasimha II. [1]

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Gujarat, a region in western India, fell under Delhi Sultanate following repeated expeditions under Alauddin Khalji around the end of the 13th century. He ended the rule of Vaghela dynasty under Karna II and established Muslim rule in Gujarat. Soon the Tughluq dynasty came to power in Delhi whose emperor carried out expeditions to quell rebellion in Gujarat and established their firm control over the region by the end of the century. Following Timur's invasion of Delhi, the Delhi Sultanate weakened considerably so the last Tughluq governor Zafar Khan declared himself independent in 1407 and formally established Gujarat Sultanate.

Chronology of Chudasama dynasty

The early history of Chudasama dynasty of Saurashtra is almost lost. The bardic legends differs very much in names, order and numbers so they are not considered reliable. Mandalika Kavya, a Sanskrit poem by Gangadhara, gives some information on dynasty but it has little historical value. Some of their inscriptions gives their early genealogy but they too differ in order of succession. Ranchhodji Diwan, A. K. Forbes, James Burgess and Gaurishankar Oza had tried to fix genealogy and chronology. Based on the dates of the inscriptions assigned to Chudasama kings and other literary sources, the genealogy and chronology of latter half of the dynasty can be established fairly. Still it is certain that they ruled about from about Vikram Samvat (VS) 900 to VS 1527.

Mandalika III, called by epithet Ra Gangajalio, was a Chudasama king of Saurashtra region of western India who reigned from 1451 CE to 1472 CE. His capital was at Junagadh.

Ra Mahipala III was a Chudasama king of Saurashtra region of western India who reigned from 1430 CE to 1451 CE. His capital was at Junagadh.

Ra Jayasimha II was a Chudasama king of Saurashtra region of western India who reigned from 1416 CE to 1430 CE. His capital was at Junagadh.

Ra Meliga, also known as Melaga or Maleka, was a Chudasama king of Saurashtra region of western India who reigned from 1400 CE to 1416 CE. He remove his capital from Vanthali back to Junagadh, from which place he expelled the thanadar appointed by Gujarat Sultan. Thus Gujarat Sultan Ahmad Shah I sent an army against Junagadh. He captured Vanthali and later Junagadh was besieged. Meliga left to a fort on Girnar hill which was inaccessible to the forces. So the forces left and placed two officers in Junagadh to collect tribute. Meliga died and was succeeded by his son Jayasimha II in 1416 CE.

Ra Mokalasimha, also known as Muktasimha, was a Chudasama king of Saurashtra region of western India who reigned from 1384 CE to 1396 CE. He ruled from Junagadh and later moved his capital to Vanthali when Saurashtra came under influence of the Delhi Sultanate.

Raul Mahipala II was a Chudasama king of Saurashtra region of western India who reigned from 1378 CE to 1384 CE.

Khengara was a Chudasama king of Saurashtra region of western India who reigned from 1331 CE to 1351 CE. His capital was at Junagadh.

Mahipala I was a Chudasama king of Saurashtra region of western India who reigned from 1308 CE to 1331 CE. His capital was at Junagadh.

Navaghana was a Chudasama king of Saurashtra region of western India who reigned from 1306 CE to 1308 CE. His capital was at Junagadh.

Mandalika I was a Chudasama king of Saurashtra region of western India who reigned from 1294 CE to 1306 CE. His capital was at Junagadh.

The early history of Chudasama dynasty of Saurashtra region is almost lost. The bardic legends differs very much in names, order and numbers so they are not considered reliable. Mandalika Kavya, a Sanskrit poem by Gangadhara, gives some information on dynasty but it has little historical value. Some of their inscriptions gives their genealogy but they too differ in order of succession. Ranchhodji Diwan, A. K. Forbes, James Burgess and Gaurishankar Oza had tried to fix genealogy and chronology. They ruled about from Vikram Samvat (VS) 900 to VS 1527.

The Gohil is the clan of Rajput and Jats, Guhilas of Saurashtra ruled parts of Saurashtra region of present-day Gujarat state of India as subordinates or independents starting 12th century. Their origin is traced to Guhila dynasty of Mewar and they had migrated to Saurashtra in 12th century. The earliest known inscription of Gohils is found from Mangrol so they must be ruling in southwest of peninsula under Chaulukya dynasty. They later moved to the east coast where they established themselves and the region came to be known as Gohilwad and ruled till the independence of India in 1947. The erstwhile princely states of Bhavnagar, Palitana, Lathi, Vala and Rajpipla belonged to Gohil rulers.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Parikh, Rasiklal Chhotalal; Shastri, Hariprasad Gangashankar, eds. (1977). ગુજરાતનો રાજકીય અને સાંસ્કૃતિક ઇતિહાસ: સલ્તનત કાલ [Political and Cultural History of Gujarat: Sultanate Era]. Research Series - Book No. 71 (in Gujarati). V. Ahmedabad: Bholabhai Jeshingbhai Institute of Learning and Research. p. 159.
  2. Diskalkar, D. B. (April 1939). "Inscriptions Of Kathiawad: No. 37, 40, 48". New Indian Antiquary. 2. pp. 25–28, 37–38.