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Junagadh is the city and headquarters of Junagadh district in the Indian state of Gujarat. Located at the foot of the Girnar hills, 355 kilometres (221 mi) southwest of Ahmedabad and Gandhinagar, it is the seventh largest city in the state.
Mer, Maher or Mehar is a caste from the Saurashtra region of Gujarat in India. They are largely based in the Porbandar district, comprising the low-lying, wetland Ghēḍ and highland Barḍā areas, and they speak a dialect of the Gujarati language. The Mers of the Ghēḍ and Barḍā form two groups of the jāti and together they are the main cultivators in the Porbandar District. Historically, the men served the Porbandar State as a feudal militia, led by Mer leaders. In the 1881 Gazette of the Bombay Presidency, the Mers were recorded numbering at 23,850. The 1951 Indian Census recorded 50,000 Mers. As of 1980 there were estimated to be around 250,000 Mers.
The Chudasama dynasty, a Samma branch, ruled parts of the present-day Saurashtra region of Gujarat state in India between the 9th and 15th centuries. Their capital was based in Junagadh and Vamanasthali.
Gujarat, a region in western India, fell under Delhi Sultanate following repeated expeditions under Alauddin Khalji around the end of the 13th century. He ended the rule of Vaghela dynasty under Karna II and established Muslim rule in Gujarat. Soon the Tughluq dynasty came to power in Delhi whose emperor carried out expeditions to quell rebellion in Gujarat and established their firm control over the region by the end of the century. Following Timur's invasion of Delhi, the Delhi Sultanate weakened considerably so that the last Tughluq governor Zafar Khan declared himself independent in 1407 and formally established the Gujarat Sultanate.
The early history of Chudasama dynasty of Saurashtra is almost lost. The bardic legends differs very much in names, order and numbers so they are not considered reliable. Mandalika Kavya, a Sanskrit poem by Gangadhara, gives some information on dynasty but it has little historical value. Some of their inscriptions gives their early genealogy but they too differ in order of succession. Ranchhodji Diwan, A. K. Forbes, James Burgess and Gaurishankar Oza had tried to fix genealogy and chronology. Based on the dates of the inscriptions assigned to Chudasama kings and other literary sources, the genealogy and chronology of latter half of the dynasty can be established fairly. Still it is certain that they ruled about from about Vikram Samvat (VS) 900 to VS 1527.
Mandalika III, called by the epithet Ra Gangajalio, was a Chudasama king of Saurashtra region of western India who reigned from 1451 CE to 1472 CE. His capital was at Junagadh.
Ra Mahipala III was a Chudasama king of Saurashtra region of western India who reigned from 1430 CE to 1451 CE. His capital was at Junagadh.
Ra Jayasimha II was a Chudasama king of Saurashtra region of western India who reigned from 1416 CE to 1430 CE. His capital was at Junagadh.
Ra Meliga, also known as Melaga or Maleka, was a Chudasama king of Saurashtra region of western India who reigned from 1400 CE to 1416 CE. He remove his capital from Vanthali back to Junagadh, from which place he expelled the thanadar appointed by Gujarat Sultan. Thus Gujarat Sultan Ahmad Shah I sent an army against Junagadh. He captured Vanthali and later Junagadh was besieged. Meliga left to a fort on Girnar hill which was inaccessible to the forces. So the forces left and placed two officers in Junagadh to collect tribute. Meliga died and was succeeded by his son Jayasimha II in 1416 CE.
Ra Mandalika II was a Chudasama king of Saurashtra region of western India who reigned from 1396 CE to 1400 CE.
Raul Mahipala II was a Chudasama king of Saurashtra region of western India who reigned from 1378 CE to 1384 CE.
Jayasimha I was a Chudasama king of Saurashtra region of western India who reigned from 1351 CE to 1378 CE. His capital was at Junagadh.
Khengara was a Chudasama king of Saurashtra region of western India who reigned from 1331 CE to 1351 CE. His capital was at Junagadh.
Mahipala I was a Chudasama king of Saurashtra region of western India who reigned from 1308 CE to 1331 CE. His capital was at Junagadh.
Navaghana was a Chudasama king of Saurashtra region of western India who reigned from 1306 CE to 1308 CE. His capital was at Junagadh.
Mandalika I was a Abhira King of Saurashtra region of western India who reigned from 1294 CE to 1306 CE. His capital was at Junagadh.
Chudachandra, also known as Chadrachuda or simply Chuda, was a legendary Abhira king and founder of the Chudasama dynasty of Saurashtra. He belonged to the nomadic tribe of Abhiras, already ranking as a reputable Rajput Clan.
The early history of Chudasama dynasty of Saurashtra region is almost lost. The bardic legends differs very much in names, order and numbers so they are not considered reliable. Mandalika Kavya, a Sanskrit poem by Gangadhara, gives some information on dynasty but it has little historical value. Some of their inscriptions gives their genealogy but they too differ in order of succession. Ranchhodji Diwan, A. K. Forbes, James Burgess and Gaurishankar Oza had tried to fix genealogy and chronology. They ruled about from Vikram Samvat (VS) 900 to VS 1527.
The Gohil dynasty or Gohil or Guhilas of Saurashtra ruled parts of Saurashtra region of present-day Gujarat state of India as subordinates or independents starting 12th century. Their origin is traced to Guhila dynasty of Gujarat and they had migrated to Saurashtra in 12th century. The earliest known inscription of Gohils is found from Mangrol. They later moved to the east coast where they established themselves and the region came to be known as Gohilwar and ruled till the independence of India in 1947. The erstwhile princely states of Bhavnagar, Palitana, Lathi, Vala and Rajpipla belonged to Gohil rulers.
Neminath Jain Temple, originally known as Karnavihara, is a Jain temple dedicated to the Jain tirthankara Neminatha. It is located on Girnar hill, near the city of Junagadh in Gujarat, India. The temple is the foremost temple among all of the Girnar Jain temples. The oldest part of the present temple was built c. 1129 CE, utilizing Māru-Gurjara architecture. More shrines and idols in the temple have been installed throughout its history.
References
- 1 2 3 4 Parikh, Rasiklal Chhotalal; Shastri, Hariprasad Gangashankar, eds. (1977). ગુજરાતનો રાજકીય અને સાંસ્કૃતિક ઇતિહાસ: સલ્તનત કાલ [Political and Cultural History of Gujarat: Sultanate Era]. Research Series - Book No. 71 (in Gujarati). Vol. V. Ahmedabad: Bholabhai Jeshingbhai Institute of Learning and Research. p. 160.
- 1 2 Diskalkar, D. B. (April 1939). "Inscriptions Of Kathiawad: No. 46, 48, 51". New Indian Antiquary. Vol. 2. pp. 34, 37–40.
- ↑ Diskalkar, D. B. (December 1939). "Inscriptions Of Kathiawad: No. 53". New Indian Antiquary. Vol. 2. p. 591.
- ↑ Diskalkar, D. B. (June 1940). "Inscriptions Of Kathiawad: No. 76, 77". New Indian Antiquary. Vol. 2. pp. 113–114, 116–117.