Mandalika I

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Mandalika I
Ra of Saurashtra
Reign1294–1306 CE
Successor Navaghana
Issue Rupa, Navaghana, Mahipala I [upper-alpha 1]
Era name and dates
Vikram Samvat: 1350–1362
Dynasty Chudasama dynasty
FatherYashodhavala
MotherPriyamaladevi
Religion Hinduism

Mandalika I was a Chudasama [2] [3] King of Saurashtra region of western India who reigned from 1294 CE to 1306 CE (VS 1350 to VS 1362). His capital was at Junagadh.

Contents

Reign

The inscription found at Hatasni (VS 1386/1329 CE, now at Bhavnagar Museum) mentions Somavanshi (Chandravanshi) royal family in which a king named Shangara (Khangara) was born. In Shanagra's family, a Yashodhavala was born who was later married to Priyamaladevi of Suryavanshi family. They had three sons; Malla, Mandala (Mandalika) and Meliga. The inscription further mentions an ally Vakhala family of Mehar race who were under Mandalika and later under Mahisha which are identified as Mandalika I and his son Mahipala I respectively. Mandalika's daughter Rupa was married in Vakhala family, a Mer dynasty based in Talaja. [4]

The undated fragmentary inscription recovered from Adishwara Mahadeva temple in Adpokar mentions death of Kanhaddeva, fighting for king Vayajaladeva, in battle with army of Ranaka Mandalika. The Sutrapada inscription dated VS 1357 mentions Vayajaladeva so this inscription belongs to the same period and the mentioned king must be Mandalika I, living from VS 1316 to VS 1362. [4]

During Mandalika I's reign, in 1299 CE, Gujarat was conquered by Ulugh Khan and Nusrat Khan Jalesari, the generals of Delhi Sultan Alauddin Khalji. Ulugh Khan also destroyed Somnath temple which had been rebuilt since the time of destruction by Mahmud of Ghazni in the 11th century. He also conquered the sea coast of the peninsula from Ghogha to Madhavapur. On this occasion, Mandalika is said to have defeated a division of his troops but possibly he may have defeated one of the governors of the sea coast left by Ulugh Khan. The Revati Kund inscription near Damodar Kund, Junagadh (VS 1472/1417 CE) mentions him as conqueror of the Mudgalas (Muslims). [5] [6] The inscription at the Neminath Temple (c. VS 1510/c. 1454 CE) on Girnar mentions that he gilded the temple. [7] Mandalika I was succeeded by his son Navaghana. [1]

Notes

  1. ↑ Navaghana and Mahipala are also mentioned as father and son. [1]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mer (community)</span> Ethnic group of Gujarat, India

Mer, Maher or Mehar is a caste from the Saurashtra region of Gujarat in India. They are largely based in the Porbandar district, comprising the low-lying, wetland Ghēḍ and highland Barḍā areas, and they speak a dialect of the Gujarati language. The Mers of the Ghēḍ and Barḍā form two groups of the jāti and together they are the main cultivators in the Porbandar District. Historically, the men served the Porbandar State as a feudal militia, led by Mer leaders. In the 1881 Gazette of the Bombay Presidency, the Mers were recorded numbering at 23,850. The 1951 Indian Census recorded 50,000 Mers. As of 1980 there were estimated to be around 250,000 Mers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chudasama dynasty</span> Indian dynasty

The Chudasama dynasty, a Samma branch, ruled parts of the present-day Saurashtra region of Gujarat state in India between the 9th and 15th centuries. Their capital was based in Junagadh and Vamanasthali.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chronology of Chudasama dynasty</span>

The early history of Chudasama dynasty of Saurashtra is almost lost. The bardic legends differs very much in names, order and numbers so they are not considered reliable. Mandalika Kavya, a Sanskrit poem by Gangadhara, gives some information on dynasty but it has little historical value. Some of their inscriptions gives their early genealogy but they too differ in order of succession. Ranchhodji Diwan, A. K. Forbes, James Burgess and Gaurishankar Oza had tried to fix genealogy and chronology. Based on the dates of the inscriptions assigned to Chudasama kings and other literary sources, the genealogy and chronology of latter half of the dynasty can be established fairly. Still it is certain that they ruled about from about Vikram Samvat (VS) 900 to VS 1527.

Mandalika III, called by the epithet Ra Gangajalio, was a Chudasama king of Saurashtra region of western India who reigned from 1451 CE to 1472 CE. His capital was at Junagadh.

Ra Mahipala III was a Chudasama king of Saurashtra region of western India who reigned from 1430 CE to 1451 CE. His capital was at Junagadh.

Ra Jayasimha II was a Chudasama king of Saurashtra region of western India who reigned from 1416 CE to 1430 CE. His capital was at Junagadh.

Ra Meliga, also known as Melaga or Maleka, was a Chudasama king of Saurashtra region of western India who reigned from 1400 CE to 1416 CE. He remove his capital from Vanthali back to Junagadh, from which place he expelled the thanadar appointed by Gujarat Sultan. Thus Gujarat Sultan Ahmad Shah I sent an army against Junagadh. He captured Vanthali and later Junagadh was besieged. Meliga left to a fort on Girnar hill which was inaccessible to the forces. So the forces left and placed two officers in Junagadh to collect tribute. Meliga died and was succeeded by his son Jayasimha II in 1416 CE.

Ra Mandalika II was a Chudasama king of Saurashtra region of western India who reigned from 1396 CE to 1400 CE.

Ra Mokalasimha, also known as Muktasimha, was a Chudasama king of Saurashtra region of western India who reigned from 1384 CE to 1396 CE. He ruled from Junagadh and later moved his capital to Vanthali when Saurashtra came under influence of the Delhi Sultanate.

Raul Mahipala II was a Chudasama king of Saurashtra region of western India who reigned from 1378 CE to 1384 CE.

Jayasimha I was a Chudasama king of Saurashtra region of western India who reigned from 1351 CE to 1378 CE. His capital was at Junagadh.

Khengara was a Chudasama king of Saurashtra region of western India who reigned from 1331 CE to 1351 CE. His capital was at Junagadh.

Mahipala I was a Chudasama king of Saurashtra region of western India who reigned from 1308 CE to 1331 CE. His capital was at Junagadh.

Navaghana was a Chudasama king of Saurashtra region of western India who reigned from 1306 CE to 1308 CE. His capital was at Junagadh.

Khengara was a Chudasama king of Saurashtra region of western India who reigned in the 12th century. His capital was at Junagadh. He was a contemporary of Jayasimha Siddharaja, the Chaulukya ruler of Anahilapataka. According to bardic tales, he was a son of Navaghana and had succeeded him.

Navaghana alias Khengara was a Chudasama King of Saurashtra region of western India who reigned in the late 11th century. His capital was at Junagadh. He was a contemporary of Jayasimha Siddharaja, the Chaulukya ruler of Anahilapataka. According to bardic legends, Jayasimha attacked during his reign and he was defeated and became is vassal. He moved capital to Junagadh. He was succeeded by Khengara who had vowed to take revenge.

Gajaraja, also known as Mahipala, was an early Chudasama king known only from the ballads and folklore of Saurashtra region of Gujarat, India.

Chudachandra, also known as Chadrachuda or simply Chuda, was a legendary Chudasama king and founder of the Chudasama dynasty of Saurashtra. He belonged to the Samma tribe of Rajputs.

The early history of Chudasama dynasty of Saurashtra region is almost lost. The bardic legends differs very much in names, order and numbers so they are not considered reliable. Mandalika Kavya, a Sanskrit poem by Gangadhara, gives some information on dynasty but it has little historical value. Some of their inscriptions gives their genealogy but they too differ in order of succession. Ranchhodji Diwan, A. K. Forbes, James Burgess and Gaurishankar Oza had tried to fix genealogy and chronology. They ruled about from Vikram Samvat (VS) 900 to VS 1527.

The Gohil dynasty or Gohil or Guhilas of Saurashtra ruled parts of Saurashtra region of present-day Gujarat state of India as subordinates or independents starting 12th century. Their origin is traced to Guhila dynasty of Gujarat and they had migrated to Saurashtra in 12th century. The earliest known inscription of Gohils is found from Mangrol. They later moved to the east coast where they established themselves and the region came to be known as Gohilwar and ruled till the independence of India in 1947. The erstwhile princely states of Bhavnagar, Palitana, Lathi, Vala and Rajpipla belonged to Gohil rulers.

References

  1. 1 2 Parikh, Rasiklal Chhotalal; Shastri, Hariprasad Gangashankar, eds. (1977). ગુજરાતનો રાજકીય અને સાંસ્કૃતિક ઇતિહાસ: સલ્તનત કાલ [Political and Cultural History of Gujarat: Sultanate Era]. Research Series - Book No. 71 (in Gujarati). Vol. V. Ahmedabad: Bholabhai Jeshingbhai Institute of Learning and Research. p. 157.
  2. ↑ Munshi, Kanaiyalal Maneklal (1976). Somanatha, the Shrine Eternal. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan.
  3. ↑ Seth, Krishna Narain (1978). The Growth of the Paramara Power in Malwa. Progress Publishers.
  4. 1 2 Diskalkar, D. B. (March 1939). "Inscriptions of Kathiawad: No. 27, 29". New Indian Antiquary. Vol. 2. pp. 731–732, 735.
  5. ↑ Diskalkar, D. B. (December 1939). "Inscriptions Of Kathiawad: No. 68". New Indian Antiquary. Vol. 2. pp. 602–603.
  6. ↑ Shiv Narayan Pandey (1987). Śaivite Temples and Sculptures at Somanātha. Ramanand Vidya Bhawan. p. 23.
  7. ↑ Diskalkar, D. B. (June 1940). "Inscriptions Of Kathiawad: No. 77". New Indian Antiquary. Vol. 2. pp. 116–117.
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