| Jeotgalibaca | |
|---|---|
| Scientific classification | |
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| Genus: | Jeotgalibaca Lee et al. 2014 [1] |
| Type species | |
| Jeotgalibaca dankookensis [1] | |
| Species | |
J. arthritidis [1] | |
Jeotgalibaca is a genus of bacteria from the family of Carnobacteriaceae. [1] [2] [3]
Jeotgalibaca, a gram-positive bacterium, is found in traditional Korean salted and fermented food, it is made by adding 20–30 % salt to various types of seafood. Seujeot is a type of jeotgalibaca, the name deriving from the Korean words seu (shrimp) and jeot (jeotgalibaca). Among other seafoods, salted shrimp (25% w/v), seawater and other ingredients are used for its preparation and subsequent fermentation. Salt-resistant aerobic and anaerobic bacteria exist in most jeotgals [1] [2] [4] and recent studies have reported the isolation of many novel species and genera from this food. [1] [5] [6]
This also shows how it follows all members of its family of Jeotgals in salt resistance. Jeotgalibaca is used in Panjin shrimp paste and in other pastes that are fermented from grasshopper sub shrimps. Grasshopper sub shrimps are found in the water that borders seawater and freshwater, the whole bodies are transparent, and the longest length are only 0.008–0.01 m. Due to the tiny sizes of grasshopper sub shrimp, shrimp pastes that are made from them tend to have lower fat and cholesterol content, and higher astaxanthin and calcium levels than that made from other shrimps. Panjin is located in the southwestern part of Liaoning Province, the center of the Liaohe River Delta in China [1] [7] [8]
There are six major genera of bacteria (Jeotgalibaca, Jeotgalicoccus, Lysinibacillus, Sporosarcina, Staphylococcus, and Psychrobacter) that were found to be positively correlated with Biogenic amines (BA) production level, suggesting that these bacteria might have a strong tendency to produce BAs. In recent years, there are some studies related to the impact of microbial diversity on BAs formation in fermented food, such as fish sauce, sausages, and soy sauce.
This bacterium is heavily used in fermentation of some Korean foods therefore is able to withstand environments of extremely high salinity. Cell morphology as described from a primary source found that Jeotgalibaca is “Gram-positive and consisted of non-motile, non-spore-forming, coccus-shaped cells which [are] grouped into tetrads, sarcinae and conglomerates” [1] [2] [9]
The genomics and phylogeny of the Jeotgalibaca. We were able to find the components of the DNA composition of the bacteria and see how it compares to the other related phylogeny. “Levels of DNA sequence similarity of the groEL DNA contig (465 bp) of strain EX-07T were 81.3–82.8 % when compared with the type strains of all species of the genus Trichococcus and less than 76 % with the type strains of species of the genera Bavariicoccus and Granulicatella . Figure 1 shows the phylogenetic relationship between strain EX-07T and its closest relatives based on groEL sequences. The novel isolate formed an independent branch supported by a 100 % bootstrap value and confirmed the moderate relationship with all members of the genus Trichococcus . The combined results of the 16S rRNA gene and groEL sequence analyses support the classification of strain EX-07T within a new genus” [1] [2] [10]
Jeotgalibaca was tested under various environmental conditions, and it grows well on TSA plates. No growth was obtained on NA, PDA, and R2A agar. It is an aerobic microbe that gets carbon from sugars and organic acids such as D-gluconic acid and has chymotrypsin activity [1] [2] [11] The related species, Coriobacteriaceae (phylum Actinobacteria), possess very similar metabolic processes to Jeotgalibaca. They have been “... reported to be involved in the metabolism of bile salts and steroids as well as the activation of dietary polyphenols in the human gut”. [1] [12] [13] In particular, strong positive correlations between Coriobacteriaceae and the steroid aldosterone 18-glucuronide (r = 0.7, p < 0.001) were found in our study. “Aldosterone 18-glucuronide, an important metabolite of aldosterone, performs many important functions, such as cell signaling, fuel and energy storage, and membrane integrity/stability.” [1] [14] [15]
The Lachnospiraceae are a family of obligately anaerobic, variably spore-forming bacteria in the order Eubacteriales that ferment diverse plant polysaccharides to short-chain fatty acids and alcohols (ethanol). These bacteria are among the most abundant taxa in the rumen and the human gut microbiota. Members of this family may protect against colon cancer in humans by producing butyric acid. Lachnospiraceae have been found to contribute to diabetes in genetically susceptible (ob/ob) germ-free mice.
Terasakiella is a genus of bacteria from the order Rhodospirillales.
Puniceibacterium is a genus of bacteria from the family of Rhodobacteraceae.
Sedimentitalea is a genus of bacteria from the family of Rhodobacteraceae.
Desulfosarcina alkanivorans is a hydrocarbon-degrading bacterium from the genus of Desulfosarcina which has been isolated from oil contaminated marine sediments from Shuaiba in Kuwait.
Alishewanella jeotgali is a Gram-negative and facultative anaerobic bacterium from the genus of Alishewanella which has been isolated from gajami sikhae (jeotgal) from Korea.
Paenisporosarcina indica is a psychrophilic, Gram-positive, aerobic, spore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Paenisporosarcina which has been isolated from soil near the Pindari glacier in the Himalayas.
Phreatobacter is a genus of bacteria from the class of Alphaproteobacteria.
Gramella forsetii is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, chemoorganotrophic and heterotrophic bacterium from the genus of Gramella which has been isolated from water from roads from Helgoland near the North Sea.
Kordia periserrulae is a Gram-negative, chemoheterotrophic and facultatively anaerobic bacterium from the genus of Kordia which has been isolated from the worm Periserrula leucophryna from the Yellow Sea in Korea.
Riemerella columbina is a Gram-negative bacterium from the genus of Riemerella which can cause respiratory disease in pigeons.
Salegentibacter agarivorans is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, heterotrophic and motile bacterium from the genus of Salegentibacter which has been isolated from a sponge Artemisina sp.
Winogradskyella exilis is a Gram-negative, chemoorganotrophic, alkalitolerant and mesophilic bacterium from the genus Winogradskyella which has been isolated from the starfish Stellaster equestris.
Winogradskyella lutea is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus Winogradskyella which has been isolated from seawater from Jeju in Korea.
Mangrovibacterium diazotrophicum is a nitrogen-fixing bacterium from the genus of Mangrovibacterium which has been isolated from mangrove sediments.
Jeotgalibaca arthritidis is a Gram-positive bacterium from the genus Jeotgalibaca which has been isolated from the liquid of a joint from pigs.
Trichococcus collinsii is a bacterium from the genus Trichococcus.
Catenulispora acidiphila is a Gram-positive bacterium from the genus of Catenulispora which has been isolated from forest soil from Gerenzano in Italy.
Enterovibrio pacificus is a Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic and motile bacterium species from the genus of Enterovibrio which has been isolated from seawater from the South Pacific Gyre.
Nonlabens agnitus is a bacterium from the genus of Nonlabens.
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