LüMeng,courtesy name Ziming,was a Chinese military general and politician who served under the warlord Sun Quan during the late Eastern Han dynasty of China. Early in his career,he fought in several battles under the banner of Sun Ce,Sun Quan's elder brother and predecessor. Although he had been noted for his bravery,he was still deemed as nothing more than a "mere warrior" for his lack of literacy skills. Later,with encouragement from Sun Quan,LüMeng took up scholarly pursuits to improve himself,gradually becoming a learned and competent military leader. In 217,he succeeded Lu Su as the frontline commander of Sun Quan's forces in Jing Province. Two years later,in a carefully calculated military operation,LüMeng led an invasion of Liu Bei's territories in southern Jing Province,swiftly and stealthily capturing all the lands from Liu Bei's general Guan Yu,who was captured and executed after his defeat. LüMeng enjoyed his finest hour after the victory but died a few months later because he was already seriously ill before the campaign.
Gan Ning,courtesy name Xingba,was a Chinese military general serving under the warlord Sun Quan in the late Eastern Han dynasty. Originally a notorious pirate,he gave up the life of a marauder in the late 190s and became a subordinate of Huang Zu,the Administrator of a commandery in present-day east-central Hubei. Disheartened by Huang Zu's indifferent attitude towards him,Gan Ning eventually left Huang and made his way into Wu territory,where he found his calling and became a military officer under the warlord Sun Quan. Throughout his years of service under Sun Quan until his death,Gan Ning fought in numerous battles for his lord,including the battles of Jiangxia (208),Red Cliffs (208–209),Xiaoyao Ford (214–215) and Ruxu (217).
Zhou Tai,courtesy name Youping,was a military general serving under the warlord Sun Quan during the late Eastern Han dynasty and early Three Kingdoms period of China. He previously served under Sun Ce,Sun Quan's elder brother and predecessor.
Zhou Yu (175–210),courtesy name Gongjin,was a Chinese military general and strategist serving under the warlord Sun Ce in the late Eastern Han dynasty of China. After Sun Ce died in the year 200,he continued serving under Sun Quan,Sun Ce's younger brother and successor. Zhou Yu is primarily known for his leading role in defeating the numerically superior forces of the northern warlord Cao Cao at the Battle of Red Cliffs in late 208,and again at the Battle of Jiangling in 209. Zhou Yu's victories served as the bedrock of Sun Quan's regime,which in 222 became Eastern Wu,one of the Three Kingdoms. Zhou Yu did not live to see Sun Quan's enthronement,however,as he died at the age of 35 in 210 while preparing to invade Yi Province. According to the Records of the Three Kingdoms,Zhou Yu was described as a strong man with beautiful appearance. He was also referred to as "Master Zhou". However,his popular moniker "Zhou the Beautiful Youth" does not appear in either the Records or the 14th-century historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Some Japanese literary scholars such as Yoshikawa Eiji and Koide Fumihiko believe that this was a later invention by Japanese storytellers.
Zhuge Jin,courtesy name Ziyu,was a Chinese military general and politician of the state of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period of China. Born in the late Eastern Han dynasty,Zhuge Jin started his career in the 200s as an official under the warlord Sun Quan,who later became the founding emperor of Eastern Wu in the Three Kingdoms period. In 215,he served as Sun Quan's representative in a territorial dispute over southern Jing Province between Sun Quan and his ally,Liu Bei. In 219,he joined Sun Quan's general LüMeng in an invasion of Liu Bei's territories in Jing Province after Sun Quan broke the Sun–Liu alliance. He was subsequently appointed as a general and commandery administrator. Before the Battle of Xiaoting of 221–222,Zhuge Jin attempted to dissuade Liu Bei from going to war with Sun Quan but was unsuccessful. The battle ultimately concluded with victory for Sun Quan's side;both sides made peace later and reestablished an alliance between the Eastern Wu and Shu Han states against their rival state,Cao Wei. From 222 until his death in 241,despite being rather incompetent in military affairs,Zhuge Jin served as one of Eastern Wu's top generals and participated in some battles against Cao Wei forces.
Emperor He of Southern Qi ( 齊和帝),personal name Xiao Baorong (蕭寶融),courtesy name Zhizhao (智昭),was the last emperor of the Chinese Southern Qi dynasty. He was put on the throne by the generals Xiao Yingzhou (蕭穎冑) and Xiao Yan in 501 as a competing candidate for the throne to his violent and arbitrary older brother Xiao Baojuan. In 502,with Xiao Baojuan having been defeated and killed and Xiao Yingzhou dead,Xiao Yan seized the throne from Emperor He and took the throne himself,ending the Southern Qi dynasty and starting the Liang dynasty. Soon,Xiao Yan had the 14-year-old former Emperor He put to death.
Cai Mao,courtesy name Degui,was a military officer serving under the warlords Liu Biao and Cao Cao during the late Eastern Han dynasty of China.
Cheng Pu,courtesy name Demou,was a Chinese military general and politician serving under the warlord Sun Quan during the late Eastern Han dynasty of China. He previously served under Sun Quan's predecessors:Sun Jian and Sun Ce.
Huang Zu was Chinese military general and politician during the Eastern Han dynasty. . He served as the Administrator of Jiangxia Commandery under Liu Biao,the Governor of Jing Province. He is best known for killing the warlord Sun Jian in an ambush during the Battle of Xiangyang (191) and resisting an invasion by the warlord Sun Quan at the Battle of Xiakou (203). He was defeated and killed at the Battle of Jiangxia in 208 against Sun Quan's forces.
Pan Zhang,courtesy name Wengui,was a military general serving under the warlord Sun Quan during the late Eastern Han dynasty of China. He continued serving in the state of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period until his death. Pan Zhang was praised by Chen Shou as one of the "twelve tiger minister of Jiangdong" (江東十二虎臣).
Pan Jun,courtesy name Chengming,was a minister and military general of the state of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period of China. Originally a minor official serving under the warlords Liu Biao and later Liu Bei in Jing Province,Pan Jun reluctantly switched allegiance to another warlord Sun Quan after Sun Quan seized control of Liu Bei's territories in Jing Province in 220. While serving under Sun Quan,Pan Jun held military commands and quelled a rebellion. After Sun Quan became emperor in 229,he appointed Pan Jun as Minister Steward and later Minister of Ceremonies. During this time,Pan Jun joined the general LüDai in suppressing a rebellion by indigenous tribes in his native Wuling Commandery. He also oversaw civil and military affairs in Wuchang alongside the general Lu Xun. In the 230s,he repeatedly spoke up against LüYi's abuses of power and even planned to assassinate him. Throughout his life,Pan Jun was known for being a man of bold character and an honest official who strictly and fairly upheld the law without fearing how others would see him.
LüMeng's invasion of Jing Province was fought between the warlords Sun Quan and Liu Bei in the winter of 219–220 in the late Eastern Han dynasty. Sun Quan's forces,led by LüMeng,invaded Liu Bei's territories in southern Jing Province,which covered present-day Hubei and Hunan. The campaign occurred after the Battle of Fancheng and concluded with victory for Sun Quan's forces,who completely captured all of Liu Bei's territories. Guan Yu,Liu Bei's general guarding those territories,was captured and executed by Sun Quan's forces. The fall of Jing Province and Guan Yu's death provided the trigger for the Battle of Xiaoting between Liu Bei and Sun Quan between 221 and 222.
Yangzhou,Yangchow or Yang Province was one of the Nine Provinces of ancient China mentioned in historical texts such as the Tribute of Yu,Erya and Rites of Zhou.
Han Ji,courtesy name Gongzhi,was a Chinese politician who served in the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of China. He previously served under the warlords Liu Biao and Cao Cao during the late Eastern Han dynasty.
The Sun–Liu territorial dispute was a military conflict between the warlords Sun Quan and Liu Bei in 215 during the late Eastern Han dynasty of China. While Sun Quan and Liu Bei had initially formed an alliance in 208 against their common rival Cao Cao,both sides got into a territorial dispute over the territories in southern Jing Province in the early 210s. The dispute ended when both sides agreed to divide the territories along the Xiang River between their respective domains:Sun Quan took the lands east of the river while Liu Bei kept those west of the river. Despite a peaceful settlement to the territorial dispute,Sun Quan ultimately sent his forces to attack Liu Bei's territories in an invasion in 219 and succeeded in capturing all of them.
Yang Xi,courtesy name Wenran,was an official of the state of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period of China. He is best known for writing the Ji Han Fuchen Zan,a collection of praises of notable persons who served in the Shu Han state. Chen Shou,the third-century historian who wrote the Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi),extensively quoted and annotated Yang Xi's collection.
Nan Commandery was a Chinese commandery that existed from the Warring States period to Tang dynasty. Its territories covered present-day central and western Hubei province,as well as parts of Chongqing. The seat was Jiangling,present-day Jingzhou,Hubei.
Jiangxia Commandery was a Chinese commandery that existed from Han dynasty to Tang dynasty. Its territories were located in present-day eastern Hubei province.
Zhang Chang,also known as Li Chen,was a Man rebel during the Jin dynasty (266–420). In 303,Zhang Chang led a great rebellion against Jin in Jingzhou. Under the guise of restoring the Han dynasty,Zhang Chang propped up a man named Qiu Chen (丘沈),whom he renamed Liu Ni (劉尼),to be a descendant of the Han emperors and the nominal leader of the rebellion. At its peak,Zhang Chang's territory encompassed most of the provinces of Jing,Jiang,Xu,Yang and Yu. Despite causing much trouble for Jin,Zhang Chang's rebellion only lasted a year before the Inspector of Jingzhou,Liu Hong,defeated and killed him in 304.
Liu Hong (236–306),courtesy name Heji or Shuhe,was a military general and politician of the Jin dynasty (266–420). He was most known for his role as Inspector of Jingzhou between 303 and 306. After quelling the revolt of Zhang Chang,Liu Hong ushered Jingzhou into a brief period of peace and stability,making it a haven for refugees fleeing the civil war and rebellions happening throughout most of China. Liu Hong was a venerated figure among the people,and traditional historians praised him as a model governor. After his death,his successors failed to match his standard of governance,leading to uprisings that would affect southern China for more than a decade.
