John Amherst

Last updated

John Amherst
Born1718
Died14 February 1778(1778-02-14) (aged 59–60)
Gosport, Hampshire
Place of burial
AllegianceUnion flag 1606 (Kings Colors).svg  Great Britain
Service/branchNaval Ensign of Great Britain (1707-1800).svg  Royal Navy
Years of service1730–1778
Rank Admiral of the Blue
Commands held Preston
Mars
Deptford
Captain
Arrogant
Battles/wars First Carnatic War
Seven Years' War
Relations William Amherst (brother)
Jeffery Amherst (brother)

Admiral John Amherst (1718 – 14 February 1778) was a Royal Navy officer served during the First Carnatic War and the Seven Years' War, and who went on to be Commander-in-Chief, Plymouth.

Admiral (Royal Navy) senior rank of the Royal Navy of the United Kingdom

Admiral is a senior rank of the Royal Navy of the United Kingdom, which equates to the NATO rank code OF-9, outranked only by the rank of admiral of the fleet. Royal Navy officers holding the ranks of rear admiral, vice admiral and admiral of the fleet are sometimes considered generically to be admirals. The rank of admiral is currently the highest rank to which a serving officer in the Royal Navy can be promoted, admiral of the fleet being in abeyance except for honorary promotions of retired officers and members of the Royal Family.

Royal Navy Maritime warfare branch of the United Kingdoms military

The Royal Navy (RN) is the United Kingdom's naval warfare force. Although warships were used by the English kings from the early medieval period, the first major maritime engagements were fought in the Hundred Years War against the Kingdom of France. The modern Royal Navy traces its origins to the early 16th century; the oldest of the UK's armed services, it is known as the Senior Service.

Carnatic Wars military conflicts in the middle of the 18th century on the Indian subcontinent

The Carnatic Wars were a series of military conflicts in the middle of the 18th century in India. The conflicts involved numerous nominally independent rulers and their vassals, struggles for succession and territory, and included a diplomatic and military struggle between the French East India Company and the British East India Company. They were mainly fought on the territories in India which were dominated by the Nizam of Hyderabad up to the Godavari delta. As a result of these military contests, the British East India Company established its dominance among the European trading companies within India. The French company was pushed to a corner and was confined primarily to Pondichéry. The East India Company's dominance eventually led to control by the British Company over most of India and eventually to the establishment of the British Raj.

Contents

Family

He was the fourth son of lawyer Jeffrey Amherst and Elizabeth Kerrill, of Riverhead, Kent, and his older brothers included Field Marshal Jeffery Amherst, 1st Baron Amherst, and Lieutenant-General William Amherst. [1]

Riverhead, Kent human settlement in United Kingdom

Riverhead is a northern village part of the urban area of Sevenoaks in the district of the same name in Kent, England and is also a civil parish. The parish had a population in 2001 of 1821, increasing to 2,634 at the 2011 Census.

Jeffery Amherst, 1st Baron Amherst British Army officer

Field Marshal Jeffery Amherst, 1st Baron Amherst, served as an officer in the British Army and as Commander-in-Chief of the Forces.

William Amherst (British Army officer) British Army general

Lieutenant General William Amherst was a British military commander. In 1762 during the Seven Years' War he led British forces that defeated a French expedition which had occurred earlier that year in St. John's, Newfoundland at the Battle of Signal Hill.

Amherst joined the Royal Navy in 1730, [2] and after serving as midshipman and lieutenant in the Mediterranean Fleet under the command of Admirals Nicholas Haddock and Thomas Mathews, he was promoted to the rank of captain in December 1744. [3]

A midshipman is an officer of the junior-most rank, in the Royal Navy, United States Navy, and many Commonwealth navies. Commonwealth countries which use the rank include Canada, Australia, Bangladesh, Namibia, New Zealand, South Africa, India, Pakistan, Singapore, Sri Lanka, and Kenya.

A lieutenant is the junior most commissioned officer in the armed forces, fire services, police and other organizations of many nations.

Mediterranean Fleet fleet of the Royal Navy of the United Kingdom

The British Mediterranean Fleet also known as the Mediterranean Station was part of the Royal Navy. The Fleet was one of the most prestigious commands in the navy for the majority of its history, defending the vital sea link between the United Kingdom and the majority of the British Empire in the Eastern Hemisphere. The first Commander-in-Chief for the Mediterranean Fleet was the appointment of General at Sea Robert Blake in September 1654 the Fleet was in existence until 1967.

In 1746, during the First Carnatic War, Amherst was appointed commander of the 50-gun Preston, [4] and served as flag captain to Rear-Admiral Thomas Griffin, on board the Princess Mary in the East Indies. [2]

HMS Salisbury was a 50-gun fourth rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, built by Richard and James Herring at Baileys Hard on the Beaulieu River in Hampshire, England and launched on 18 April 1698.

In the Royal Navy, a flag captain was the captain of an admiral's flagship. During the 18th and 19th centuries, this ship might also have a "captain of the fleet", who would be ranked between the admiral and the "flag captain" as the ship's "First Captain", with the "flag captain" as the ship's "Second Captain".

Admiral Thomas Griffin was a Royal Navy officer who became Commander-in-Chief of the East Indies Station.

In 1753 he commissioned the 64-gun Mars which formed part of the fleet sent into North American waters under Vice-Admiral Edward Boscawen in 1755. On entering Halifax Harbour, Mars ran aground, and was wrecked. Amherst was court-martialled, but subsequently acquitted. [2]

Seven ships of the Royal Navy have been named HMS Mars, after Mars, the Roman god of war:

Edward Boscawen Royal Navy admiral

Admiral Edward Boscawen, PC was an Admiral in the Royal Navy and Member of Parliament for the borough of Truro, Cornwall. He is known principally for his various naval commands during the 18th century and the engagements that he won, including the Siege of Louisburg in 1758 and Battle of Lagos in 1759. He is also remembered as the officer who signed the warrant authorising the execution of Admiral John Byng in 1757, for failing to engage the enemy at the Battle of Minorca (1756). In his political role, he served as a Member of Parliament for Truro from 1742 until his death although due to almost constant naval employment he seems not to have been particularly active. He also served as one of the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty on the Board of Admiralty from 1751 and as a member of the Privy Council from 1758 until his death in 1761.

Halifax Harbour Harbor in Canada

Halifax Harbour is a large natural harbour on the Atlantic coast of Nova Scotia, Canada, located in the Halifax Regional Municipality.

On his return to England, was appointed to command the 50-gun Deptford, which sailed with Admiral John Byng to the Mediterranean in March 1756. In the Battle of Minorca, off Cape Mola on 20 May, the admiral ordered the Deptford to quit the line of battle, to be ready to assist any ship, as directed. Amherst took no part in the battle, except to assist the disabled Intrepid. The following year he commanded the 64-gun Captain during the Louisbourg Expedition, under Francis Holburne and Boscawen; and in 1761 commanded the 74-gun ship Arrogant at the capture of Belle Île. [3]

HMS Deptford was a 60-gun fourth rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, built to the dimensions of the 1719 Establishment at Deptford Dockyard, and launched on 22 August 1732.

John Byng Royal Navy officer

Admiral John Byng was a Royal Navy officer who was notoriously court-martialled and executed by firing squad. After joining the navy at the age of thirteen, he participated at the Battle of Cape Passaro in 1718. Over the next thirty years he built up a reputation as a solid naval officer and received promotion to vice-admiral in 1747. He also served as Commodore-Governor of Newfoundland Colony in 1742, Commander-in-Chief, Leith, 1745 to 1746 and was a member of parliament from 1751 until his death.

Battle of Minorca (1756) battle

The Battle of Minorca was a naval battle between French and British fleets. It was the opening sea battle of the Seven Years' War in the European theatre. Shortly after the war began British and French squadrons met off the Mediterranean island of Minorca. The French won the battle. The subsequent decision by the British to withdraw to Gibraltar handed France a strategic victory and led directly to the Fall of Minorca.

Afterwards, in 1762, he flew his broad pennant as senior officer at Gibraltar. In 1765 he was advanced to flag rank, and in 1776 was appointed Commander-in-Chief, Plymouth. He was still holding this command, when he died suddenly at Gosport, on 14 February 1778, in his 59th year. [2] He was buried in the parish church of Sevenoaks, Kent. [3]

Family

He married Anne Linzee. [2]

Notes

  1. "Jeffrey Amherst". thepeerage.com. Retrieved 1 December 2010.[ unreliable source ]
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 "John Amherst". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography . Retrieved 30 November 2010.
  3. 1 2 3 "John Amherst". The Peerage. Retrieved 1 December 2010.[ unreliable source ]
  4. Dalton, Charles (1886). Memoir of Captain Dalton: defender of Trichinopoly, 1752-1753. London: W.H. Allen & Co.

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References

Military offices
Preceded by
Sir Richard Spry
Commander-in-Chief, Plymouth
17761778
Succeeded by
Sir Molyneux Shuldham