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The Andaman Sea is a marginal sea of northeastern Indian Ocean bounded by the coastlines of Myanmar and Thailand along the Gulf of Martaban and west side of the Malay Peninsula, and separated from the Bay of Bengal to its west by the Andaman Islands and the Nicobar Islands. Its southernmost end is defined by Breueh Island, an island just north of Sumatra, and communicates with the Malacca Strait.
The Younger Dryas was a return to glacial conditions after the Late Glacial Interstadial, which temporarily reversed the gradual climatic warming after the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) started receding around 20,000 BP. It is named after an indicator genus, the alpine-tundra wildflower Dryas octopetala, as its leaves are occasionally abundant in late glacial, often minerogenic-rich sediments, such as the lake sediments of Scandinavia.
An estuary is a partially enclosed coastal body of brackish water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it, and with a free connection to the open sea.
The Taiwan Strait, also known as the Formosa Strait, is a 180-kilometer (110 mi)-wide strait separating Taiwan and mainland China. The strait is currently part of the South China Sea and connects to the East China Sea to the north. The narrowest part is 130 km (81 mi) wide.
A river delta is a landform created by deposition of sediment that is carried by a river as the flow leaves its mouth and enters slower-moving or stagnant water. This occurs where a river enters an ocean, sea, estuary, lake, reservoir, or another river that cannot carry away the supplied sediment. The size and shape of a delta is controlled by the balance between watershed processes that supply sediment, and receiving basin processes that redistribute, sequester, and export that sediment. The size, geometry, and location of the receiving basin also plays an important role in delta evolution. River deltas are important in human civilization, as they are major agricultural production centers and population centers. They can provide coastline defense and can impact drinking water supply. They are also ecologically important, with different species' assemblages depending on their landscape position.
A raised beach, coastal terrace, or perched coastline is a relatively flat, horizontal or gently inclined surface of marine origin, mostly an old abrasion platform which has been lifted out of the sphere of wave activity. Thus, it lies above or under the current sea level, depending on the time of its formation. It is bounded by a steeper ascending slope on the landward side and a steeper descending slope on the seaward side. Due to its generally flat shape it is often used for anthropogenic structures such as settlements and infrastructure.
The Mobile River is located in southern Alabama in the United States. Formed out of the confluence of the Tombigbee and Alabama rivers, the approximately 45-mile-long (72 km) river drains an area of 44,000 square miles (110,000 km2) of Alabama, with a watershed extending into Mississippi, Georgia, and Tennessee. Its drainage basin is the fourth-largest of primary stream drainage basins entirely in the United States. The river has historically provided the principal navigational access for Alabama. Since construction of the Tennessee-Tombigbee Waterway, it also provides an alternative route into the Ohio River watershed.
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Marine pollution occurs when harmful effects result from the entry into the ocean of chemicals, particles, industrial, agricultural and residential waste, noise, or the spread of invasive organisms. Eighty percent of marine pollution comes from land. Air pollution is also a contributing factor by carrying off iron, carbonic acid, nitrogen, silicon, sulfur, pesticides or dust particles into the ocean. Land and air pollution have proven to be harmful to marine life and its habitats.
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A tsunami deposit is a sedimentary unit deposited as the result of a tsunami. Such deposits may be left onshore during the inundation phase or offshore during the 'backwash' phase. Such deposits are being used to identify past tsunami events and thereby better constrain estimates of both earthquake and tsunami hazard. There remain considerable problems, however, in distinguishing between deposits caused by tsunamis and those caused by storms or other sedimentary processes.
Meltwater pulse 1B (MWP1b) is the name used by Quaternary geologists, paleoclimatologists, and oceanographers for a period of either rapid or just accelerated post-glacial sea level rise that some hypothesize to have occurred between 11,500 and 11,200 years ago at the beginning of the Holocene and after the end of the Younger Dryas. Meltwater pulse 1B is also known as catastrophic rise event 2 (CRE2) in the Caribbean Sea.
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References
- 1 2 "John Milliman" . Retrieved April 19, 2019.
- ↑ John D. Milliman; K. O. Emery (1968). "Sea Levels during the Past 35,000 Years". Science . AAAS. 162 (3858): 1121–1123. doi:10.1126/science.162.3858.1121. PMID 17746818. S2CID 41474857.
- ↑ Jonathan A. Warrick and John D. Milliman (2003). "Hyperpycnal sediment discharge from semiarid southern California rivers: Implications for coastal sediment budgetsz". Geology . 31 (9): 781–784. doi:10.1130/G19671.1.
- ↑ John Milliman and Shuh‐Ji Kao (September 2005). "Hyperpycnal Discharge of Fluvial Sediment to the Ocean: Impact of Super‐Typhoon Herb (1996) on Taiwanese Rivers". The Journal of Geology . The University of Chicago Press/JSTOR. 113 (5): 503–516. doi:10.1086/431906. JSTOR 431906. S2CID 225043073.
- ↑ JP Liu, CS Liu, KH Xu, JD Milliman, JK Chiu, SJ Kao, SW Lin (2008). "Flux and fate of small mountainous rivers derived sediments into the Taiwan Strait". Marine Geology . 256 (1–4): 65–76. doi:10.1016/j.margeo.2008.09.007.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
- ↑ JP Liu, KH Xu, AC Li, JD Milliman, DM Velozzi, SB Xiao, ZS Yang (2007). "Flux and fate of Yangtze River sediment delivered to the East China Sea". Geomorphology . 85 (3–4): 208–224. doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.03.023.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
- ↑ J Paul Liu, John D Milliman, Shu Gao, Peng Cheng (2004). "Holocene development of the Yellow River's subaqueous delta, North Yellow Sea". Marine Geology . 209 (1–4): 45–67. doi:10.1016/j.margeo.2004.06.009.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
- ↑ David Malmquist (January 18, 2012). "W&M professor honored as outstanding scientist". College of William & Mary . Retrieved November 29, 2017.
- ↑ Owens, Philip N. (2012). "Research resource review: River Discharge to the Coastal Ocean: A Global Synthesis". Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment. 36 (3): 449–450. doi:10.1177/0309133312436888. ISSN 0309-1333. S2CID 131415420.
- ↑ Paola, Chris (2011). "Review of River Discharge to the Coastal Ocean: A Global Synthesis, by J.D. Milliman and K.L. Farnsworth". Oceanography. 24 (4): 143–144. doi: 10.5670/oceanog.2011.108 .
