John Wehrle (born 1941 in San Antonio, Texas) is an American artist currently living in Richmond, California. Wehrle is best known as a muralist and site-specific installation artist, predominantly active in California. [1] Proficient in painting, sculpture and photography, his work is in public and private collections. Several of his exterior mural works, Fall of Icarus, Positively Fourth Street, and Galileo Jupiter Apollo achieved underground iconic status during their existence. Wehrle's interior murals and surviving installations have been internationally collected.
Wehrle is the son of an educator and a salesman. His father, Larry Wehrle, graduated from Texas A&M University, where he was Captain of the Aggie Band, receiving a commission in the US Army Signal Corps. He served in Europe during World War II with the Ordnance Division, promoted to Major. Upon returning to civilian life he entered the feed business in Mineola, Texas, becoming Sales Manager for progressively larger companies in different Texas cities until his retirement in 1980. Betty Wehrle, a journalism graduate from Baylor University, began a second career as an educator in the 1960s, eventually serving as a dean of El Centro College in Dallas, Texas. Both won numerous awards in their field. [2]
Growing up in various Texas towns and cities, John Wehrle developed artistic skills to compensate for constantly being the new kid on the block. Living in Waco, Texas, as a teenager, he participated in a nationally recognized youth theater at Baylor University. Fellow students in the program included Robert Wilson, now celebrated avant-garde theater director. He attended Texas Tech University in Lubbock, Texas, where he was cartoonist for the school paper and named outstanding senior art student there. Actively showing work during his later school years, he was accepted in exhibitions of the Texas Fine Arts Association and had work purchased by the Dallas Museum of Art. At his father's insistence he was enrolled in ROTC. [2]
Following graduation he was commissioned a Lieutenant in the US Army and served 22 months at Sacramento Army depot managing the Zero Defects program and the Officers club, before being chosen for the Vietnam Combat Artists Program's first Combat Art Team sent to Vietnam in July 1966. [2] As officer in charge of Team One, he was responsible for choosing locations to visit, arranging transportation and explaining the team's mission to Public Information Officers throughout the country. Wehrle designed the unofficial combat art pin later adopted by other teams. Team One artists were : John Wehrle, Roger Blum, Paul Rickert, Robert Knight and Ronald Pepin. Felix Sanchez joined the team in Hawaii. Following two months of sketching and photographing in various provinces with different units, Team One was flown to Hawaii and given warehouse studio space at Schofield Barracks to create finished paintings of their experience for the Army's Military History Division. He then returned to Sacramento Army Depot to serve the final months of his service. [3]
After Wehrle's discharge he enrolled in a Master of Fine Arts graduate program at Pratt Institute in Brooklyn, New York. There, in collaboration with fellow students, he helped devise a multimedia theatrical experience involving film, dance, and projections in a theater designed by James Petrillo.
After graduation in 1969, Wehrle moved to San Francisco, where he taught at the De Young Museum and California College of Arts and Crafts. [4] In 1973, he quit his teaching position to follow an opportunity to build a wilderness log cabin in Montana. After a winter in Whiskey Gulch, he returned to the Bay Area, where he worked as a baker and carpenter for a brief time. He was hired under the comprehensive Employees Training Act in 1974 to work, once again, at the De Young Museum. Here Wehrle devised and painted his first exterior mural EB-1942, a 16x 48 oil painting on panels drawn from his Montana experiences.
During this project, he met painter John Rampley and together they designed and painted the second mural Positively Fourth Street in the De Young staff parking lot in 1976. [5] Wehrle describes the inspiration for this painting as the result of being stuck in rush hour traffic on the 101 freeway approach to the Bay Bridge.
Following this period of relative stability Wehrle resumed his nomadic existence, moving between Montana and Los Angeles. In 1978 he received a California Arts Council grant to paint Fall of Icarus on a 20x90 foot wall in Venice Beach'. [5] During this period, he met other members of the Los Angeles mural movement, Terry Schoonhoven, Vic Henderson, Art Mortimer, Kent Twitchell and Judy Baca. After painting a private commission for movie producer Carl Borack on his residence in Beverly Hills, Wehrle moved back to Bay Area. There he painted Ancisco, on the wall of a Berkeley bakery, the first of many projects still extant in California. [5]
In 1980, scientists Tom White and Kary Mullis commissioned Wehrle to paint a mural for their biotech lab at newly formed Cetus Corporation. [5] After completing and installing Return of Jonah, Cetus CEO, Ron Cape commissioned Wehrle to paint …paging Dr. Crick in situ at their Berkeley Headquarters. Subsequently, these paintings were transferred, along with the furniture, to Chiron Corporation; later Novartis bought the company. The paintings have now been moved to the Novartis corporate collection in Switzerland, no longer viewable by the general public. [6] Kary Mullis later won the Nobel Prize for his discovery of Polymerase chain reaction. An image of Return of Jonah serves as the home page header of the PCR website and is also used as the cover of Paul Rabinow's entertaining story of Cetus's scientific milieu, Making PCR. [6]
In 1983, Wehrle was chosen as one of 10 official muralists for the 1984 Summer Olympic Games in Los Angeles. These were the first artworks that Caltrans allowed directly on the freeway. Richard Wyatt, Alonzo Davis, Judy Baca, Kent Twitchell Glenna Boltuch, Roderick Sykes, Terry Schoonhoven, Willie Heron, Frank Romero, and John Wehrle were each commissioned to decorate retaining walls on the 110 and 101 freeways connecting the Olympic venues. The works survived until the mid-1990s, when graffiti tagging took its toll on the public works. In 2004 the state of California funded restoration of some of the murals including Wehrle's 207-foot mural Galileo, Jupiter, Apollo. Subsequent vandalism caused Caltrans to paint over the artworks, substituting smaller digital prints on their previous locations. [7] After a 2013 vote by the Los Angeles City Council on lifting a ban against mural painting, the Mural Conservancy of Los Angeles (MCLA), in cooperation with Caltrans, began to restore the work. [8]
During the 1980s, Wehrle exhibited work with Koplin Gallery. This led to a commission Knockout for Kate Mantilini Restaurant, a modern-day roadhouse on Wilshire and Doheney in Los Angeles, designed by Morphosis architects for owner Marilyn Lewis. The building was given a Progressive Architecture Award and architect Thom Mayne later won the Pritzker Prize. [9] Wehrle also completed War and Peace TV a 14-unit installation of hand crafted wooden TV sculptures containing die-cut outlines of iconic images of the Vietnam War including a helicopter and the Pulitzer Prize-winning photograph of the execution of a Viet Cong suspect. He again used the TV format in a piece titled Saigon Rotomatic Managua that contained a figure of a Viet Cong that revolved to reveal the face of a Sandanista. [1] These were exhibited in various venues including an exhibit entitled The War Room at the Intersection for the Arts gallery in San Francisco, [10] culminating in A Different War, a national traveling exhibition, curated by Lucy Lippard. [11]
During the 1990s, Wehrle accomplished a number of corporate and civic commissions including banks, libraries, shopping malls and convention centers. Scribes, a visual narrative installation integrated throughout Los Angeles’ Mid Valley Public Library, received an award of excellence from that city. He began painting the first of a series of freeway overpass mural gateways for the City of Richmond. Wehrle continued exhibiting at galleries and art centers in San Francisco and Los Angeles. He had a Djerassi residency in 1998.
Since 2000, Wehrle has worked steadily on public art projects, primarily on the West Coast of the United States. He has been creating murals and gateways for the cities of Richmond, Hayward, Dublin, and Pinole, [12] alongside interior installations for Ocean View Library, Encino Fire Station #83 and other California locations. He received a grant from the Maxwell H. Gluck Foundation to create a series of nine murals depicting important scientific discoveries and contributions to the fine arts of alumnae of the University of California, Riverside. [13] [14] In 2007 he produced Neptune’s Ghost, a time blended painting of historic Neptune Beach and present day shoppers in Alameda, California, (which was removed as of 2018). Other works include Mak Roote, a landmark installation for Berkeley Transit Plaza. [15] Featuring poetic words by Betsy Davids and images by Wehrle that include native Ohlone, union railroad porters, writer Chiori Santiago and humanitarian clown Wavy Gravy, the work was given an award by the city of Berkeley. [16] [17] Recent works include installations in public schools for Washington State Arts Commission, [15] murals for Richmond's City Council Chambers and the newly restored Richmond Plunge. [15]
In 2003, Wehrle worked under art supervisor Kurt Wold to create murals with inmates at Vacaville State Prison and painted with Daniel Galvez and John Pugh four extensive murals under Dublin, California, overpasses. He has served on Richmond, California’s public art advisory committee and board of directors of the Richmond Art Center.
In 2006, Wehrle was given a lifetime achievement award by AC5, Contra Costa’s Arts and Culture Commission. Later in 2018, he was proclaimed the "greatest single contributor to public art murals in Richmond" by the Richmond City Council. [18]
In November 2011, Wehrle presented "Rising Tide: A Post-Cautionary Tale, a Work in Progress" as artist-in-residence at the De Young Museum in San Francisco, California. [19]
Edgar Alwin Payne was an American painter. He was known as a Western landscape painter and muralist.
Gronk, born Glugio Nicandro, is a Chicano painter, printmaker, and performance artist. His work is collected by museums around the country including the Smithsonian American Art Museum.
Los Four was a Chicano artist collective active based in Los Angeles, California. The group was instrumental in bringing the Chicano art movement to the attention of the mainstream art world.
Millard Owen Sheets was an American artist, teacher, and architectural designer. He was one of the earliest of the California Scene Painting artists and helped define the art movement. Many of his large-scale building-mounted mosaics from the mid-20th century are still extant in Southern California. His paintings are in the Metropolitan Museum of Art and the Whitney Museum in New York, the Chicago Art Institute, the National Gallery in Washington D.C.; and the Los Angeles County Museum.
Judith Francisca Baca is an American artist, activist, and professor of Chicano studies, world arts, and cultures based at the University of California, Los Angeles. She is the co-founder and artistic director of the Social and Public Art Resource Center (SPARC) in Venice, California. Baca is the director of the mural project that created the Great Wall of Los Angeles, which was the largest known communal mural project in the world as of 2018.
The Social and Public Art Resource Center is a non-profit community arts center based in Venice, California. SPARC hosts exhibitions, sponsors workshops and murals, and lobbies for the preservation of Los Angeles area murals and other works of public art. SPARC hosts several community programs and artist spaces, including the UCLA@SPARC Digital Mural Lab, a "comprehensive" archive, printmaking studios, an art gallery and a University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) graduate program. According to its mission statement, "SPARC espouses public art as an organizing tool for addressing contemporary issues, fostering cross-cultural understanding and promoting civic dialogue."
Nova Color Artists Acrylic Paint is an American supplier of acrylic paints. The company was founded in Culver City, California in 1965.
Maxine Albro was an American painter, muralist, lithographer, mosaic artist, and sculptor. She was one of America's leading female artists, and one of the few women commissioned under the New Deal's Federal Art Project, which also employed Jackson Pollock, Mark Rothko, and Willem de Kooning.
David Fairrington is an American artist. Mostly associated with his realistic portraits, Fairrington paints a variety of subjects including landscapes, still life, and western art in a range of styles including abstract, conceptual, fantasy, figurative, impressionist, pop art and romantic. He attributes artist John Singer Sargent and famed illustrator Norman Rockwell as significant influences in his work.
Alex Brewer, also known as HENSE, is an American contemporary artist, best known for his dynamic, vivid and colorful abstract paintings and monumental wall pieces. He has been active since the 1990s. In 2002 he began accepting commissions for artwork and over the course of the last decade has established a solid reputation as a commissioned artist, having appeared in several solo and group shows.
Bernard Baruch Zakheim was a Warsaw-born San Francisco muralist, best known for his work on the Coit Tower murals.
Victor Mikhail Arnautoff was a Russian-American painter and professor of art. He worked in San Francisco and the Bay Area from 1925 to 1963, including two decades as a teacher at Stanford University, and was particularly prolific as a muralist during the 1930s. He became a naturalized U.S. citizen, but returned to the Soviet Union after the death of his wife, continuing his career there before his death.
Ray Boynton (1883–1951) also known as Raymond Boynton, was an American artist and arts educator, most famous for his mural work in California during the Great Depression earning commissions under the Public Works of Art Project (PWAP) and the Treasury Relief Art Project (TRAP).
Helen Katharine Forbes was a Californian artist and arts educator specializing in etching, murals and painting. She is best known for western landscapes, portrait paintings, and her murals with the Treasury Section of Fine Arts and Work Progress Administration (WPA). Forbes was skilled in painting in oil, watercolor, and egg tempera. She painted landscapes of Mexico, Mono Lake and the Sierras in the 1920s, desert scenes of Death Valley in the 1930s, and portraits and still-lifes.
Johanna Poethig is an American Bay Area visual, public and performance artist whose work includes murals, paintings, sculpture and multimedia installations. She has split her practice between community-based public art and gallery and performance works that mix satire, feminism and cultural critique. Poethig emerged in the 1980s as socially engaged collaborations with youth and marginalized groups gained increasing attention; she has worked as an artist and educator with diverse immigrant communities, children from five to seventeen, senior citizens, incarcerated women and mental health patients, among others. Artweek critic Meredith Tromble places her in an activist tradition running from Jacques-Louis David through Diego Rivera to Barbara Kruger, writing that her work, including more than fifty major murals and installations, combines "the idealist and caustic."
Boris Deutsch (1892–1978) was a naturalized American painter.
Lucien Adolphe Labaudt was a French-born American painter based in San Francisco, California. His best-known work may be Powell Street (1934), a mural in fresco at Coit Tower that he created for the Public Works of Art Project.
Tricia Ward is a Los Angeles–based artist whose work has included public and environmental art, sculpture, and social practice art. She emerged in the 1980s, when collaborations with underserved youth and urban groups that bridged art and social change began to gain institutional attention. Her work combines collaborative, interdisciplinary approaches that include physical transformations of derelict urban environments into "pocket parks," environmental remediation, cultural and educational programming, public policy and civic engagement.
Terry Schoonhoven (1945-2001) was an American muralist, lithographer, and painter. Interested in the environment, architecture, film, history, geography, and the fluidity of time, he painted more than 40 large scale public murals over the course of his career, including six as co-founder of the LA Fine Arts Squad. His work -- "terrifying by the intensity of its reality and powerful associative qualities"—often explored dystopic environmental themes.