| Jolo expedition (1602) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of Spanish–Moro conflict | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
 Spanish Empire |  Sultanate of Sulu | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
| Juan Juárez de Gallinato | Batarah Shah Tengah [1] | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
| 200 men | 1,000 men | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
| Heavy | Heavy | ||||||
The Sulu Expedition of 1602 was an unsuccessful military campaign by the Spanish Empire to capture the island of Jolo. Launched from the Spanish Philippines to suppress Sulu pirates, the expedition ended in failure.
The Mindanaons and the Sulus began raiding with their fleets the islands of Visayas to a point that its expected that they would come as far as Manila. In order to stop these raids, the Spanish governor of Philippines, Francisco de Tello de Guzmán, determined that an expedition to Sulu should be made at once without delays to subjugate the island put their sultan to obedience. He prepared an expedition of 200 Spanish soldiers, ships and artillery, with provisions that would last for four months—the expected length of the campaign. They were led by Juan Juárez de Gallinato. [2] [3]
Gallinato arrived in Sulu at the bar of the river of the island, which is two leagues from the town of Jolo. He began landing his men, artillery, and provisions and left some guards on ships. The town of Jolo is situated on a very high hill above some cliffs and has two roads that lead there, but they are narrow. The Sulus fortified their position and began preparing for the Spanish attack. They evacuated the women and children and called for aid from the Mindanao, Brunei, and Ternate. [4]
Gallinato stationed his camp near the town before the aid from other sultanates arrived. He dispatched envoys to the sultan and chiefs of the island, calling them to surrender and promising good terms would be given. While waiting for an answer, he began fortifying and entrenching his position. The sultan responded with a fake and deceptive answer, in an attempt to make them stay in such an unhealthy spot until the rains set in and his supplies would run short. [5]
After this, the Sulus swarmed down from the fort with a force of over 1,000 men with arquebuses and other weapons and assaulted the camp of the Spanish, but as soon as the Sulus discharged their arquebuses, the Spanish opened fire from their cannons and then their arquebuses, killing many of the Sulus and forcing them to retreat. The Spanish pursued them to the middle of the hill, killing and wounding them; however, the roads were too narrow to pass. The Sulus began heavily bombarding them from the heights, and large stones were hurled down upon them, forcing them to retreat to their position. The Spanish attempted to return to the fort, but to no avail. [6] [7]
When Gallinato saw rain coming, his men were becoming sick, and his provisions were depleted, he sent a message in late May to the governor of the Philippines about what had happened. The governor told him to continue the campaign even if he could do nothing more; however, Gallinato was worn out, so he destroyed his camp and withdrew from the island. [8] [9]
The Sulu Archipelago is a chain of islands in the Pacific Ocean, in the southwestern Philippines. The archipelago forms the northern limit of the Celebes Sea and southern limit of the Sulu Sea. The Sulu Archipelago islands are within the Mindanao island group, consisting of the provinces of Basilan, Sulu, and Tawi-Tawi; hence the archipelago is sometimes referred to as Basulta, derived from the first syllables of the three provinces.
The Sultanate of Sulu was a Sunni Muslim state that ruled the Sulu Archipelago, coastal areas of Zamboanga City and certain portions of Palawan in the today's Philippines, alongside parts of present-day Sabah, North and East Kalimantan in north-eastern Borneo.
The Tausūg, are an ethnic group of the Philippines and Malaysia. A small population can also be found in the northern part of North Kalimantan, Indonesia. The Tausūg are part of the wider political identity of Muslim Filipinos of western Mindanao, the Sulu archipelago, and southern Palawan, collectively referred to as the Moro people. The Tausugs originally had an independent state known as the Sultanate of Sulu, which once exercised sovereignty over the present day provinces of Basilan, Palawan, Sulu, Tawi-Tawi, Zamboanga City, North Kalimantan and the eastern part of Sabah. They are also known in the Malay language as Suluk.
Jolo is a volcanic island in the southwest Philippines and the primary island of the province of Sulu, on which the capital of the same name is situated. It is located in the Sulu Archipelago, between Borneo and Mindanao, and has a population of approximately 500,000 people.
Jolo, officially the Municipality of Jolo, is a 1st class municipality and capital of the province of Sulu, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 137,266 people.
The Moro people or Bangsamoro people are the 13 Muslim-majority ethnolinguistic Austronesian groups of Mindanao, Sulu, and Palawan, native to the region known as the Bangsamoro. As Muslim-majority ethnic groups, they form the largest non-Christian population in the Philippines, and comprise about 5% of the country's total population, or 5 million people.
The Sultanate of Maguindanao was a Sunni Muslim sultanate that ruled parts of the island of Mindanao, in the southern Philippines, especially in modern-day Maguindanao provinces, Soccsksargen, Zamboanga Peninsula and Davao Region. Its known historical influence stretches from the peninsula of Zamboanga to bay of Sarangani until Davao Gulf. During the era of European colonization, the sultanate maintained friendly relations with British and Dutch traders.
Francisco de Tello de Guzmán was Spanish governor of the Philippines from July 14, 1596 to May 1602. He was a knight of the Order of Santiago.
Pedro Bravo de Acuña was a Spanish military officer and colonial official in the New World and the Philippines. From 1602 to 1606 he was the eleventh governor of the Philippines.
Basilan is an island province of the Philippines. It is the largest and northernmost of the major islands of the Sulu Archipelago and is located just off the southern coast of Zamboanga Peninsula. Its capital is Lamitan. Basilan is home to three main ethnic groups, the indigenous Yakans, and the later-arriving Tausugs and Zamboangueños. The Yakans and Tausugs are predomimantly Muslim, while the Chavacanos are mainly Christian. There are also a number of smaller groups.
Sultan Muwallil Wasit, is the 9th Sultan of Sulu and was also known as Rajah Bongsu I. His birth name was Pangiran Shahbandar Maharajalela, and was the youngest son of former Sultan of Brunei Muhammad Hassan. He reigned in Sulu after his uncle, Sultan Batara Shah Tengah died without an heir. He was most likely sent to Sulu to end dynastic troubles there, as he was begot of the marriage of Batara Tengah's Sister, and the Sultan of Brunei. On his coming to Sulu in 1609, he was brought by his father Sultan Muhammad Hassan brought along with his royal symbol's called as "Pulau Janggi" and "Sepong Janggi". This royal symbol was a symbol of brotherhood between the Sultanate of Sulu and the Sultanate of Brunei and as a royal proof that Raja Bongsu-I really belonged to the royal family of Brunei.
The Spanish–Moro conflict was a series of battles in the Philippines lasting several centuries. It began during the Spanish Philippines and lasted until the Spanish–American War, when Spain finally began to subjugate the Moro people after centuries of attempts to do so. Spain ultimately conquered portions of the Mindanao and Jolo islands and turned the Sultanate of Sulu into a protectorate, establishing geographic dominance over the region until the Spanish-American War. Moro resistance continued.
The Spanish occupation of Jolo or Battle of Jolo was a military expedition in the 1630s to pacify the Moro of the Sulu Sultanate. The expedition, personally led by Sebastian de Corcuera, the then Governor-General of the Spanish East Indies was a follow-up expedition to the earlier successful campaigns against the Maguindanao Sultanate under Sultan Qudarat. It was initially successful, partly due to an epidemic within the Sultan Wasit's fort early in the campaign, resulting in the Sulu forces retreating to Tawi-Tawi.
José Nicolás Francisco Pablo Lémery-Ney e Ibarrola-González, Marquess of Baroja was a Spanish general who served as the 82nd governor-general of the Philippines, 109th governor of Puerto Rico, deputy and senator of Baleares. He was distinguished in his military and political career, striving for justice, equality and fair government in the positions he held.
In the Philippine history, the Lupah Sug was a predecessor state before the establishment of Sultanate of Sulu.
Najeeb Mitry Saleeby (1870-1935) was a Lebanese-American physician who served the U.S. colonial occupation of the Philippines and who became an expert on and advocate for the Muslim population of the region. He held positions as the Assistant Chief of the Bureau of Non-Christian Tribes, Superintendent of Schools, and Captain and Assistant Surgeon of the US Volunteers. He became a premier expert on the Moros, Muslim peoples from the islands of Mindanao and Sulu. Through his medical profession, advocacy for bilingual education, and critique of American imperialism, he dedicated his career to advancing Filipino welfare. He spent most of his adulthood in the Philippines and died in Baguio in 1935.
In 1596, the Spanish army launched an expedition to the island of Mindanao to conquer and pacify it; however, the expedition ended in failure and they were forced to withdraw.
The Sulu Expedition of 1630 was an unsuccessful military campaign by the Spanish Empire to capture the island of Jolo. Launched from the Spanish Philippines to suppress Sulu pirates, the expedition ended in failure.
The raids of Visayas took place in 1599 and 1600. The allied Moro fleets of Mindanao and Sulu conducted two raids on the Spanish-held islands of Visayas.
The Sino-Spanish conflicts were a series of conflicts between the Spanish Empire and the Qing Dynasty between the 16th and 18th centuries over control of the Philippines.