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The American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) is a United States–based international nonprofit with the stated mission of promoting cooperation among scientists,defending scientific freedom,encouraging scientific responsibility,and supporting scientific education and science outreach for the betterment of all humanity. AAAS was the first permanent organization established to promote science and engineering nationally and to represent the interests of American researchers from across all scientific fields. It is the world's largest general scientific society,with over 120,000 members,and is the publisher of the well-known scientific journal Science.
Science policy is concerned with the allocation of resources for the conduct of science towards the goal of best serving the public interest. Topics include the funding of science,the careers of scientists,and the translation of scientific discoveries into technological innovation to promote commercial product development,competitiveness,economic growth and economic development. Science policy focuses on knowledge production and role of knowledge networks,collaborations,and the complex distributions of expertise,equipment,and know-how. Understanding the processes and organizational context of generating novel and innovative science and engineering ideas is a core concern of science policy. Science policy topics include weapons development,health care and environmental monitoring.
Philip Ernest Converse was an American political scientist. He was a professor in political science and sociology at the University of Michigan who conducted research on public opinion,survey research,and quantitative social science.
Credibility comprises the objective and subjective components of the believability of a source or message. Credibility is deemed essential in many fields to establish expertise. It plays a crucial role in journalism,teaching,science,medicine,business leadership,and social media.
Public awareness of science (PAS) is everything relating to the awareness,attitudes,behaviors,opinions,and activities that comprise the relations between the general public or lay society as a whole to scientific knowledge and organization. This concept is also known as public understanding of science (PUS),or more recently,public engagement with science and technology (PEST). It is a comparatively new approach to the task of exploring the multitude of relations and linkages science,technology,and innovation have among the general public. While early work in the discipline focused on increasing or augmenting the public's knowledge of scientific topics,in line with the information deficit model of science communication,the deficit model has largely been abandoned by science communication researchers. Instead,there is an increasing emphasis on understanding how the public chooses to use scientific knowledge and on the development of interfaces to mediate between expert and lay understandings of an issue. Newer frameworks of communicating science include the dialogue and the participation models. The dialogue model aims to create spaces for conversations between scientists and non-scientists to occur while the participation model aims to include non-scientists in the process of science.
Civic engagement or civic participation is any individual or group activity addressing issues of public concern. Civic engagement includes communities working together or individuals working alone in both political and non-political actions to protect public values or make a change in a community. The goal of civic engagement is to address public concerns and promote the quality of the community.
Public engagement or public participation is a concept that has recently been used to describe "the practice of involving members of the public in the agenda-setting,decision-making,and policy-forming activities of organizations/institutions responsible for policy development." It is focused on the participatory actions of the public to aid in policy making based in their values.
Inquiry-based learning is a form of active learning that starts by posing questions,problems or scenarios. It contrasts with traditional education,which generally relies on the teacher presenting facts and their knowledge about the subject. Inquiry-based learning is often assisted by a facilitator rather than a lecturer. Inquirers will identify and research issues and questions to develop knowledge or solutions. Inquiry-based learning includes problem-based learning,and is generally used in small-scale investigations and projects,as well as research. The inquiry-based instruction is principally very closely related to the development and practice of thinking and problem-solving skills.
Scientific literacy or science literacy encompasses written,numerical,and digital literacy as they pertain to understanding science,its methodology,observations,and theories. Scientific literacy is chiefly concerned with an understanding of the scientific method,units and methods of measurement,empiricism and understanding of statistics in particular correlations and qualitative versus quantitative observations and aggregate statistics,as well as a basic understanding of core scientific fields,such as physics,chemistry,biology,ecology,geology and computation.
Science communication encompasses a wide range of activities that connect science and society. Common goals of science communication include informing non-experts about scientific findings,raising the public awareness of and interest in science,influencing people's attitudes and behaviors,informing public policy,and engaging with diverse communities to address societal problems. The term "science communication" generally refers to settings in which audiences are not experts on the scientific topic being discussed (outreach),though some authors categorize expert-to-expert communication as a type of science communication. Examples of outreach include science journalism and health communication. Since science has political,moral,and legal implications,science communication can help bridge gaps between different stakeholders in public policy,industry,and civil society.
Cybermethodology is a newly emergent field that focuses on the creative development and use of computational and technological research methodologies for the analysis of next-generation data sources such as the Internet. The first formal academic program in Cybermethodology is being developed by the University of California,Los Angeles.
Agricultural literacy is a phrase being used by several universities to describe programs to promote the understanding and knowledge necessary to synthesize,analyze,and communicate basic information about agriculture with students,producers,consumers,and the public. These programs focus on assisting educators and others to effectively incorporate information about agriculture into subjects being taught or examined in public and private forums and to better understand the impact of agriculture on society.
Statistics education is the practice of teaching and learning of statistics,along with the associated scholarly research.
Rosina M. Bierbaum is currently the Roy F. Westin Chair in Natural Economics and Research Professor at the University of Maryland's School of Public Policy. She is also a professor and former dean at the University of Michigan School of Natural Resources and Environment (SNRE). She was hired in October 2001,by then-University of Michigan President,Lee Bollinger. She is also the current Chair of The Scientific and Technical Advisory Panel (STAP) that provides independent scientific and technical advice to the GEF on its policies,strategies,programs,and projects.
Arthur Lupia is an American political scientist. He is the Gerald R. Ford University Professor at the University of Michigan and Assistant Director of the National Science Foundation. Prior to joining NSF,he was Chairperson of the Board of the Center for Open Science and Chair of National Research Council's Roundtable on the Application of Behavioral and Social Science. His research concerns how information and institutions affect policy and politics,with a focus on how people make decisions when they lack information. He draws from multiple scientific and philosophical disciplines and uses multiple research methods. His topics of expertise include information processing,persuasion,strategic communication,and civic competence.
In studies of science communication,the information deficit model,also known as the deficit model or science literacy/knowledge deficit model,theorizes that scientific literacy can be improved with increased public engagement by the scientific community. As a result,the public may then be able to make more decisions that are science-informed. The model implies that communication should focus on improving the transfer of information from experts to non-experts.
Athena SWAN is an equality charter mark framework and accreditation scheme established and managed by the UK Equality Challenge Unit in 2005 that recognises and celebrates good practices in higher education and research institutions towards the advancement of gender equality:representation,progression and success.
Henry Eugene Brady is an American political scientist specializing in methodology and its application in a diverse array of political fields. He was Dean of the Goldman School of Public Policy at University of California,Berkeley from 2009–2021 and holds the Class of 1941 Monroe Deutsch Professor of Political Science and Public Policy. He was elected President of the American Political Science Association,2009–2010,giving a presidential address entitled "The Art of Political Science:Spatial Diagrams as Iconic and Revelatory." He has published academic works on diverse topics,co-authoring with colleagues at a variety of institutions and ranks,as well as many solo authored works. His principal areas of research are on political behavior in the United States,Canada,and the former Soviet Union,public policy and methodological work on scaling and dimensional analysis. When he became President of the American Political Science Association,a number of his colleagues and co-authors contributed to his presidential biography entitled "Henry Brady,Big Scientist," discussing his work and the fields to which he has contributed and has also shaped.
Nicholas Pyenson is a paleontologist and the curator of fossil marine mammals at the Smithsonian Institution’s National Museum of Natural History in Washington,DC. He is the author of numerous popular science works including the book Spying on Whales:The Past,Present,and Future of Earth's Most Awesome Creatures.
Jeylan T. Mortimer is an American sociologist. She is Professor Emeritus at the University of Minnesota,where she founded the Life Course Center and served as its Director from 1986 to 2006.
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- ↑ Miller, Jon D (15 June 2016). Civic Scientific Literacy in the United States in 2016 (PDF) (Report).[ page needed ]
- ↑ Miller, Jon D; Pardo, Rafael (2005). "Civic scientific literacy and attitude to science and technology: A comparative analysis of the European Union, the United States, Japan, and Canada". In Dierkes, Meinolf (ed.). Between Understanding and Trust. pp. 81–129. doi:10.4324/9780203988978. ISBN 978-0-203-98897-8.[ non-primary source needed ]
- ↑ Miller, Jon D. (2000). "The Development of Civic Scientific Literacy in the United States". Science, Technology, and Society. Innovations in Science Education and Technology. Vol. 6. pp. 21–47. doi:10.1007/978-94-011-3992-2_3. ISBN 978-0-306-46173-6.[ page needed ][ non-primary source needed ]
- ↑ Miller, Jon D (2010). "The Conceptualization and Measurement of Civic Scientific Literacy for the Twenty-First Century". In Meinwald, Jerrold; Hildebrand, John G. (eds.). Science and the Educated American: A Core Component of Liberal Education. American Academy of Arts and Sciences. pp. 241–255. ISBN 978-0-87724-088-4.[ non-primary source needed ]
- ↑ Miller, Jon D. (May 1987). "The Challenger accident and public opinion". Space Policy. 3 (2): 122–140. Bibcode:1987SpPol...3..122M. doi:10.1016/0265-9646(87)90009-9.[ non-primary source needed ]
- ↑ Miller, Jon D. (January 1992). "Toward a scientific understanding of the public understanding of science and technology". Public Understanding of Science. 1 (1): 23–26. doi:10.1088/0963-6625/1/1/005.[ non-primary source needed ]
- ↑ Miller, Jon D. (July 2004). "Public Understanding of, and Attitudes toward, Scientific Research: What We Know and What We Need to Know". Public Understanding of Science. 13 (3): 273–294. doi:10.1177/0963662504044908.[ non-primary source needed ]
- ↑ Miller, Jon D.; Benbow, Camilla P. (2012). "Introduction to Staying Ahead of the 'Gathering Storm'". Peabody Journal of Education. 87 (1): 1–5. doi:10.1080/0161956X.2012.642229. JSTOR 23120550.[ non-primary source needed ]
- ↑ Miller, Jon D.; Solberg, V. Scott (January 2012). "The Composition of the STEMM Workforce: Rationale for Differentiating STEMM Professional and STEMM Support Careers". Peabody Journal of Education. 87 (1): 6–15. doi:10.1080/0161956X.2012.642232. JSTOR 23120551.[ non-primary source needed ]
- 1 2 Miller, Jon D.; Ackerman, Mark S.; Laspra, Belén; Polino, Carmelo; Huffaker, Jordan S. (July 2022). "Public attitude toward Covid-19 vaccination: The influence of education, partisanship, biological literacy, and coronavirus understanding". The FASEB Journal. 36 (7): e22382. Bibcode:2022FASEJ..3622382M. doi: 10.1096/fj.202200730 . PMC 9328288 . PMID 35657606.[ non-primary source needed ]
- ↑ Miller, Jon D.; Ackerman, Mark S.; Laspra, Belén; Polino, Carmelo; Huffaker, Jordan S. (3 September 2022). "Public assessment of the Trump administration's handling of the Covid pandemic: a case study in lifelong learning". International Journal of Lifelong Education. 41 (4–5): 493–512. doi:10.1080/02601370.2022.2118381.[ non-primary source needed ]
- ↑ "LSAY". www.lsay.org.
- ↑ Miller, Jon D. (July 2004). "Public Understanding of, and Attitudes toward, Scientific Research: What We Know and What We Need to Know". Public Understanding of Science. 13 (3): 273–294. doi:10.1177/0963662504044908.[ non-primary source needed ]
- ↑ Miller, Jon D. (1981) [1979]. The Measurement of the Attitudes of the U.S. Public Toward Organized Science: Final Report. National Opinion Research Center, University of Chicago. OCLC 7540459.[ page needed ][ non-primary source needed ]
- 1 2 "WVS Database". www.worldvaluessurvey.org.
- ↑ "Jon Matthew Miller".
- ↑ "Katherine Miller".