K. B. Menon | |
---|---|
Member of Parliament for Vadakara | |
In office 1957–1962 | |
Preceded by | Position Created |
Succeeded by | A.V. Raghavan |
Member of Madras State Legislative Assembly for Thrithala | |
In office 1952–1956 | |
Preceded by | Position Created |
Succeeded by | Constituency Abolished |
Personal details | |
Born | Konnanath Balakrishna Menon 18 June 1897 Thaliparamba,Malabar district,Madras Presidency,British India (now in Kerala,India) |
Died | 6 September 1967 70) Kozhikode,Kerala,India | (aged
Political party | |
Relations | V.K. Krishna Menon K. Sankara Menon K. Kunhirama Menon Dewan Raman Menon K.R.K. Menon ContentsBhaskar Menon |
Parent | Vengalil Raman Memon Konnanath Lakshmi Amma |
Alma mater | University of California,Berkeley,University of Colorado |
Konnanath Balakrishna Menon (18 June 1897 –6 September 1967) was an Indian academic,politician and freedom fighter from Kerala. He was a professor at Harvard University and part of the revolutionary Ghadar Movement before returning to Kerala at the behest of Jayaprakash Narayan to champion Indian independence there in 1936. A protégéof both Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru,he nonetheless eschewed nonviolence,as the mastermind behind and leader of the 27-man team behind the 1942 Keezhariyur bombings. He is remembered as the architect and father of the Quit India Movement in Kerala. [1]
After independence,he declined a position in Nehru's Indian Congress party government,instead representing Thrithala in the Madras State Legislative Assembly from 1952 to 1956,and then Vadakara as its inaugural Member of Parliament in the Lok Sabha between 1957 and 1962. In 1965 he was elected to the Kerala Legislative Assembly as member for Quilandy. [2] [3]
He was born in 1897 into the aristocratic landowning Konnanath tharavadu,as the son of Vengalil Raman Menon,a munsiff magistrate in Calicut,and son of the former Dewan and Dalawa of Travancore,Palakkal Raman Menon. Minister of Defence and de facto Foreign minister of India V. K. Krishna Menon,Kalakshetra boss K. Sankara Menon,leading trial lawyer K. Kunhirama Menon (who would represent him in the Keezhariyur bomb case), [4] Finance Secretary K.R.K. Menon,and Indian-American record executive Bhaskar Menon were first cousins or first cousins once removed of his,while his uncle K. Kunjan Menon was a subordinate judge. [5]
Menon graduated from Madras University in 1920 and was appointed at Nizam college,Hyderabad. Soon,he resigned the post in order to a pursue graduate degrees,including a Ph.D. in Economics,at the University of California,Berkeley. After earning a graduate degree from Berkeley in 1923 for a thesis entitled The cooperative movement and economic welfare,Menon went on to receive a doctorate in economics and sociology from the University of Colorado at Boulder in 1932,with his dissertation entitled Postwar Progress of the Cooperative Movement in the United States and USSR:A Comparative Study. [6] He joined Harvard as professor,where he met Jayaprakash Narayan who was sent to the US for higher studies;that friendship guided Menon into a new way. [1]
Menon resigned from Harvard and returned to India in 1936. [7] He assumed the office of general secretary of the All India Civil Liberties Union founded by Jawaharlal Nehru aimed at aiding people suffering from torture for participation in National movement,and of general secretary of the Citizens' Forum of the Princely States. [7] Menon became a resident of Gandhi ashram when the office of citizens' forum of the princely states was changed to Wardha in 1941 and secured friendship with Mahatma Gandhi.
Keezhariyur Bomb Case
Menon returned to Kerala as part of Quit India Movement,this arrival intensified strength of the movement in Malabar dist. and Cochin. [8] He was main man behind the famous Keezhariyur bomb conspiracy case which attracted media attention from the whole country,with Mathai Manjooran as his second-in-command. [9] He was the first accused and sentenced to ten year rigorous imprisonment. He was released after five years following independence,however those days in jail rotted his health. [10] [11] [12]
Menon was a strict follower and proponent of Gandhism as well as socialism. He left Congress as socialists departed. Nehru,a close friend and admirer of his wanted Menon by his side,but Menon asked to join the socialists instead. He was elected to Madras Legislative Assembly in 1952 from Thrithala constituency as a socialist candidate. [13] He represented Badagara in the Loksabha following the second general election. Once again he shone in electoral politics as he was elected from Quilandy constituency in 1965,since none of the parties gained majority the assembly was dissolved. There was a move in background for creating government under Menon but he became a victim of backstage betrayals. He returned to Congress in his last days.
Menon died on 6 September 1967 at Kozhikode Medical College. He was cremated in the compound of Thrithala High School where he used to reside during his last days,the school was established as a result of his serious interventions. [14]
Kannoth Karunakaran,was an Indian politician who served as the fifth chief minister of Kerala in 1977,from 1981 to March 1982,from May 1982 to 1987 and from 1991 to 1995. He is the founder of the Indian National Congress (INC)-led United Democratic Front (UDF) coalition,which has been the main opposition in Kerala since 2016.
Kannur University is a multi-campus public university established in 1996 to provide development of higher education in Kasaragod,Kannur,Wayanad districts of Kerala,India. It serves the region of North Malabar. It was established after the passing of Act No. 22 of 1996 of the Kerala Legislative Assembly. A university by the name of "Malabar University" had come into existence even earlier by the passing of an ordinance by the Governor of Kerala,on 9 November 1995.
St. Thomas' College (Autonomous),Thrissur,is a government aided college located in Thrissur,Kerala,India. It is founded by Mar Adolph Medlycott in 1889. It is the oldest college in the Erstwhile Princely State of Cochin and present day Thrissur district. It is the second private college to be recognised as a first-grade college under the University of Madras. It is the first Catholic college in Kerala and is conducted by the Syro-Malabar Catholic Archdiocese of Thrissur.
The college is affiliated with the University of Calicut. The college attained Autonomous status in 2014 and was recognised as College with Potential for Excellence by University Grants Commission in 2016. The college was accredited with A++ grade in its fourth cycle of National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) accreditation,scoring CGPA of 3.70 on a four-point scale in October 2022.
Malabar District,also known as Malayalam District,was an administrative district on the southwestern Malabar Coast of Bombay Presidency (1792–1800),Madras Presidency (1800–1937),Madras Province (1937–1950) and finally,Madras State (1950–1956) in India. It was the most populous and the third-largest district in the erstwhile Madras State. The historic town of Calicut was the admisnitrative headquarters of this district.
The term Kerala was first epigraphically recorded as' (Keralaputra) in a 3rd-century BCE rock inscription by the Mauryan emperor Ashoka of Magadha. It was mentioned as one of four independent kingdoms in southern India during Ashoka's time,the others being the Cholas,Pandyas and Satyaputras. The Cheras transformed Kerala into an international trade centre by establishing trade relations across the Arabian Sea with all major Mediterranean and Red Sea ports as well those of Eastern Africa and the Far East. The dominion of Cheras was located in one of the key routes of the ancient Indian Ocean trade. The early Cheras collapsed after repeated attacks from the neighboring Cholas and Rashtrakutas.
Chengalath Kunhirama Menon (1857–1935) was the founder/editor of Kerala Pathrika—first and earliest Malayalam newspaper published from Kozhikode,Calicut Kerala during 1885. Menon is often referred to as Chengalathu Valiya Kunhirama Menon;the appellation Valia is used to distinguish him from his nephew and well-known story writer Chengalathu Cheriya Kunhirama Menon popularly known with reversed initials M. R. K. C.
Keezhariyuris a village near Koyilandy in Kozhikode district,that lies on the eastern shore of Akalapuzha Lake. This village is famous for the bomb case happened during Independence struggle. Malayalam is the Local Language here. Keezhariyur has its own post office and the Pincode is 673307. Keezhriyur Panchayat was formed on 27 September 1968.
Ambat Ravunni Menon (1886-1960),popularly known as Dr. A. R. Menon,was a politician and a doctor from Thrissur City in Kerala,India. He was the first Minister of Health in Kerala and the Chairman of Thrissur Municipality. He was the first MLA from Thrissur Assembly Constituency to Kerala Legislative Assembly in 1957.
C.S. Gangadharan was an Indian freedom fighter,a Keralan member of the legislative assembly (MLA) and state president of the Kerala Freedom Fighters Association. He was a prominent leader of the Kerala Socialist Party (KSP).
Kannur,formerly known in English as Cannanore,Arabic as Kannanur,and Portuguese as Cananor,is a city and a Municipal Corporation in North Malabar region,state of Kerala,India. It is the largest city in North Malabar,which is the northernmost region of Kerala. It is sometimes identified Kolathunadu,which was ruled by the Kolathiris. In the 12th and 13th centuries there was trade with Persia and Arabia.
Kozhikode District has four types of administrative hierarchies:
K. Kumar (1894–1973) was an Indian orator,reformer and writer of the Indian pre-independence era. He was one of the earliest socio-political leaders to have brought Gandhi's message and the spirit of the national movement to the erstwhile Travancore State. A gifted translator,he traveled with Gandhi during his Kerala tours,interpreting his English speeches in Malayalam. He was also an Advisor to the Nehru government. Kumarji was the President of the Travancore Congress Committee and was also in charge of Gandhiji's Travancore tour more than once. He served on the AICC and on the working committee of the AICC,TC-PCC/ KPCC heading its Constructive Work Committee during crucial years of the freedom movement. He also functioned as the Chairman of the Parliamentary Committee of Travancore
Kerala Pathrika was the first and earliest Malayalam language newspaper based in Calicut,India. Its first issue was published on 19 October 1884. Chengalathu Kunhirama Menon was the founder and chief editor of the paper.
Thrithala State assembly constituency is one of the 140 state legislative assembly constituencies in the state of Kerala located in southern India. It is also one of the 7 state legislative assembly constituencies included in the Ponnani Lok Sabha constituency. As of the 2021 assembly elections,the current MLA is M. B. Rajesh of Communist Party of India (Marxist).
South Malabar refers to a geographical area of the southwestern coast of India covering some parts of the present-day Kerala state. South Malabar covers the regions included in present-day Kozhikode taluk of Kozhikode district,the whole area of Malappuram district,Chavakkad taluk of Thrissur district,and Palakkad district,excluding parts of Chittur taluk. The Fort Kochi region of Kochi city also historically belongs to South Malabar. The term South Malabar refers to the region of the erstwhile Malabar District south to the river Korapuzha,and bears a high cultural similarity to both the Cochin and the North Malabar regions.
Vella Eacharan Iyyani was an Indian politician from Palakkad,Kerala and a member of the Indian National Congress. He was elected to 1st Lok Sabha in 1952 from Ponnani Lok Sabha constituency and to 2nd Lok Sabha in 1957 from Palakkad Lok Sabha constituency. Eacharan was the Minister for Devaswom,Harijan welfare,Community Development,Colonization &Settlement (1971-1977). He was elected to Kerala Legislative Assembly from Thrithala in 1970 and Wandoor in 1977.
K. A. Damodara Menon (1906-1980) was an Indian National Congress politician,minister,journalist,writer,freedom fighter and an activist in the movement for united Kerala. He was elected to the Provincial Parliament in 1950 and Indian Parliament from Kozhikode as a representative of Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party,in 1952. During his term as a member of Kerala Legislative Assembly,he served as the Minister for Industries and Local Administration.
Aikya Kerala Movement,the movement to establish a united Kerala was one of the political movements in present-day Kerala state of India. The term Aikya Kerala literally means 'United Kerala'. It has been a statewide peaceful movement for a united Kerala state for all Malayalam speaking people,which lasted for more than three decades. Following the movement,The Malayalam-speaking regions of the Travancore–Cochin merged with the Malabar District and the Kasaragod Taluk of South Canara district in Madras State to form the modern Kerala state on 1 November 1956,according to the States Reorganisation Act,1956 passed by the Government of India.
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