Kaisheim Abbey

Last updated
Imperial Abbey of Kaisersheim
Reichsstift Kaisersheim
1135–1802 ( de jure )
1135–1327 and 1656–1802 ( de facto )
Kaisersheim Abbey coat of arms.jpg
Coat of arms
Engraving of Kaisersheim (Kaisheim) Abbey, circa 1700..jpg
Kaisersheim in the 18th century
StatusImperial Abbey
GovernmentElective principality
Historical era Middle Ages
 Foundation charter
21 September 1135
 Dedicated by Bp Augsburg
1183 1135
  Cty Lechsgemünd extinct
1327
  Immediacy confirmed by
     Emperor Charles IV

1346
  Pfalz-Neuburg inherited
    the County of Graisbach

1505
 Immunity agreed with
     Philip of Pfalz-Neuburg

1656
1802
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Wappen Marxheim Bayern.svg County of Lechsgemünd
Electorate of Bavaria Flag of Bavaria (lozengy).svg
Today part of Germany
Aerial view of the Kaisheim Abbey Aerial image of the Kaisheim Abbey (view from the southeast).jpg
Aerial view of the Kaisheim Abbey

The Imperial Abbey of Kaisersheim (German:Reichsstift Kaisersheim or Kloster Kaisersheim), was a Cistercian monastery in Kaisersheim (now Kaisheim), Bavaria, Germany.

Contents

As one of the 40-odd self-ruling imperial abbeys of the Holy Roman Empire, Kaisersheim was a virtually independent state. Its abbot had seat and voice at the Imperial Diet where he sat on the Bench of the Prelates of Swabia. At the time of its secularisation in 1802, the Abbey covered 136 square kilometers and has 9,500-10,000 subjects. [1]

History

The monastery was founded by Henry II, Count of Lechsgemünd (d. 1142) and his wife Liutgard, and was a daughter house of Lucelle Abbey in Alsace. Count Henry's initial gift of the land was made in 1133; the foundation charter was dated 21 September 1135. The first church was dedicated in 1183 by the Bishop of Augsburg, but was damaged in a fire in 1286, and re-built in its entirety between 1352 and 1387, when the new building was dedicated.

The foundation charter guaranteed the new monastery immunity and independence from secular powers, but on the extinction of the Counts of Lechsgemünd in 1327, their territories passed to the Wittelsbach Counts of Graisbach, who were unwilling to honour the original terms. Although in 1346 the abbey succeeded in obtaining from the Emperor Charles IV a confirmation of the rights included in the charter, and was declared an Imperial abbey (German : Reichstift), the Wittelsbachs were not inclined to honour it.

In 1505, the territory of Pfalz-Neuburg was created, which inherited the rights of the County of Graisbach, including territorial rights over Kaisheim. During the Reformation, the conversion of Otto Henry, Duke of Neuburg and Elector Palatine, to Protestantism, led to fears the abbey would be dissolved, although this danger soon passed.

Finally, in 1656 the then abbot George IV Müller reached agreement with Duke Philip of Pfalz-Neuburg that the abbey's Imperial immediacy (German : Reichsfreiheit) would be respected. [2] This carried with it the obligation however to provide troops to the imperial army when required, and from this date onwards the abbey had to accommodate a small standing force of soldiers of some 80 men.

The buildings underwent a major re-building in the 1720s in the Baroque style.

The former abbey as a penitentiary Former Kaisersheim Abbey, circa 1905.jpg
The former abbey as a penitentiary

In 1802, the abbey was dissolved in the secularisation of Bavaria, and its assets taken by the Bavarian state. The premises were at first used for military purposes, later as accommodation for the displaced Bavarian Franciscans. From 1816, the buildings have been used as a prison, and now house the Justizvollzugsanstalt Kaisheim.

The Kaiser's Hall and the library are of particular architectural interest. In the east wing, known as the Kaiser's wing, the Bayerisches Strafvollzugsmuseum (English: Bavarian Museum of Punishment) has displayed the permanent exhibition Behind Bars since 1989.

Abbots of Kaisersheim

Notes and references

  1. "Reichsstifte in Schwaben – Historisches Lexikon Bayerns".
  2. Also at this time the abbey took over responsibility for the noblewomen's collegiate foundation ( Damenstift ) at Pielenhofen Abbey, previously administered by the state, as a subpriory.

48°46′02″N10°47′54″E / 48.76722°N 10.79833°E / 48.76722; 10.79833

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">House of Wittelsbach</span> German noble family

The House of Wittelsbach is a former Bavarian dynasty, with branches that have ruled over territories including the Electorate of Bavaria, the Electoral Palatinate, the Electorate of Cologne, Holland, Zeeland, Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Hungary, Bohemia, and Greece. Their ancestral lands of Bavaria and the Palatinate were prince-electorates, and the family had three of its members elected emperors and kings of the Holy Roman Empire. They ruled over the Kingdom of Bavaria which was created in 1805 and continued to exist until 1918.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ettal Abbey</span>

Ettal Abbey is a Benedictine monastery in the village of Ettal close to Oberammergau and Garmisch-Partenkirchen in Bavaria, Germany. With a community of more than 50 monks, with another five at Wechselburg, the Abbey is one of the largest Benedictine houses and is a major attraction for visitors.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tegernsee Abbey</span>

Tegernsee Abbey is a former Benedictine monastery in the town and district of Tegernsee in Bavaria. Both the abbey and the town that grew up around it are named after the Tegernsee, the lake on the shores of which they are located. The name is from the Old High German tegarin seo, meaning great lake.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wessobrunn Abbey</span>

Wessobrunn Abbey was a Benedictine monastery near Weilheim in Bavaria, Germany.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Niederaltaich Abbey</span> Bavarian monastery

Niederaltaich Abbey is a house of the Benedictine Order founded in 741, situated in the village of Niederalteich on the Danube in Bavaria.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mallersdorf Abbey</span> Franciscan convent in Mallersdorf-Pfaffenberg, Bavaria

Mallersdorf Abbey was formerly a monastery of the Benedictine Order and is now a Franciscan convent in Mallersdorf-Pfaffenberg in Bavaria.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">St. George's Abbey in the Black Forest</span>

St. George's Abbey in the Black Forest was a Benedictine monastery in St. Georgen im Schwarzwald in the southern Black Forest in Baden-Württemberg, Germany.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Waldsassen</span> Town in Bavaria, Germany

Waldsassen is a town in the district of Tirschenreuth in the Upper Palatinate region of Bavaria.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Berchtesgaden Provostry</span> Monastery in Bavaria, Germany

Berchtesgaden Provostry or the Prince-Provostry of Berchtesgaden was an immediate principality of the Holy Roman Empire, held by a canonry led by a Prince-Provost.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kaisheim</span> Municipality in Bavaria, Germany

Kaisheim is a municipality in the district of Donau-Ries in Bavaria in Germany. It was the location of Kaisheim Abbey.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Herrenalb Abbey</span>

Herrenalb Abbey is a former Cistercian monastery in the present Bad Herrenalb in Baden-Württemberg, Germany.

Roggenburg Abbey is a Premonstratensian canonry in Roggenburg near Neu-Ulm, Bavaria, in operation between 1126 and 1802, and again from its re-foundation in 1986. Since 1992 it has been a dependent priory of Windberg Abbey in Lower Bavaria. The monastery manages a training centre and a museum, and is widely known for its almost unchanged Baroque building and the organ concerts that are held in the church.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">St. George's Abbey, Isny</span>

St. George's Abbey, Isny in Isny im Allgäu in Baden-Württemberg, Germany, is a former Benedictine abbey founded in 1096 and secularised in 1802.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Prince-Bishopric of Augsburg</span> State of the Holy Roman Empire (c. 888–1803)

The Prince-Bishopric of Augsburg was one of the prince-bishoprics of the Holy Roman Empire, and belonged to the Swabian Circle. It should not be confused with the larger diocese of Augsburg, over which the prince-bishop exercised only spiritual authority.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Amelungsborn Abbey</span>

Amelungsborn Abbey, also Amelunxborn Abbey, is a Lutheran monastery in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is located near Negenborn and Stadtoldendorf, in the Landkreis of Holzminden in the Weserbergland. It was the second oldest Cistercian foundation in Lower Saxony, Germany, after Walkenried Abbey. It survived the Reformation by becoming Lutheran, and with Loccum Abbey, also previously Cistercian, is one of the only two Lutheran monasteries in Germany with an uninterrupted tradition. The abbey church, St. Mary's, is also the parish church of the abbey's former estate villages Negenborn and Holenberg.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Princely Abbey of Fulda</span> Benedictine abbey and ecclesiastical principality centered on Fulda, Germany

The Abbey of Fulda, from 1221 the Princely Abbey of Fulda and from 1752 the Prince-Bishopric of Fulda, was a Benedictine abbey and ecclesiastical principality centered on Fulda, in the present-day German state of Hesse.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gars Abbey</span> Monastery in Germany

Gars Abbey is a monastery on the Inn River in Bavaria, Germany, in the town of Gars am Inn. It was founded in 768 and has been occupied by Benedictine monks, Augustinian Canons Regular, and most recently Redemptorists.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Osterhofen Abbey</span> Bavarian monastery

Osterhofen Abbey is a former monastery in Bavaria, Germany, It is located in the Altenmarkt section of Osterhofen, a town to the south of the Danube between Deggendorf and Vilshofen / Passau. It has its origins in a collegiate built in 1004–09. From 1128 to 1783 it was a Premonstratensian monastery. For a while it was then a convent. Today it contains a girls' secondary school. The former abbey church, a magnificent late baroque building erected in 1726–40, is now the Basilica of Saint Margaret.