Kaldenkirchen Sequoia Farm

Last updated
Kaldenkirchen Sequoia Farm
(Sequoiafarm Kaldenkirchen)
Sequoiafarm Eingangsbereich.jpg
Entrance to the Sequoia Farm
Kaldenkirchen Sequoia Farm
TypeArboretum
Location Nettetal, Germany
Area3.5 hectares
Created1950 (1950)
Operated bySociety Sequoiafarm e.V.
OpenApril to October on Sundays and holidays
Website Sequoiafarm
60-year-old stock of Sequoiadendron giganteum in a test site (2010) Sequoia giganteum Sequoiafarm.jpg
60-year-old stock of Sequoiadendron giganteum in a test site (2010)
58-year-old group of Sequoia sempervirens within the Sequoiafarm (2010) Sequoiafarm Sequoia sempervirens.jpg
58-year-old group of Sequoia sempervirens within the Sequoiafarm (2010)
Sequoiadendron giganteum in the Sequoiafarm Sequoiafarm Sequoiadendron giganteum.jpg
Sequoiadendron giganteum in the Sequoiafarm
Visiting the dawn redwoods Metasequoia2.JPG
Visiting the dawn redwoods

The Kaldenkirchen Sequoia Farm (German : Sequoiafarm Kaldenkirchen) is a German arboretum that has been used as a biological institute for many years. Part of the protected area in the city of Nettetal, it is situated in the "Kaldenkirchen Grenzwald" (forest bordering Germany and the Netherlands). Nettetal lies in the Lower Rhine region of Germany.

Contents

History and use

In 1946, Illa Martin and Ernst J. Martin, both dentists and dendrologists in Kaldenkirchen, founded an arboretum close to the Dutch border. There, and in a nearby laboratory-plantation several acres wide from 1952 on, they cultivated 1,500 giant sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum) seedlings from seeds of US origin from Martin's nephew Albert A. Martin of Santa Barbara, CA. [1] The seeds were collected in Sequoia National Forest at different elevations, wrapped in burlap to preserve them and sent to Germany. They wanted to find out if the giant sequoia, which had existed in Germany before the ice age, could be introduced to German forestry. [2] [3] There was on the one hand an area of purely giant sequoia, on the other an experimental arboretum with trees such as Abies grandis , Abies concolor var. lowiana and Coast Douglas-firs. The project was financially supported by the German Research Foundation and met with great interest from dendrological circles, particularly in Great Britain and in the USA. [4] Part of the field exclusively planted with giant sequoia was reserved for obtaining results of productivity by the "Ecology and Forestry Department" of North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW). [5]

The two dendrologists made further experiments growing seedlings of coast redwood, [6] dawn redwood and numerous kinds of southern beeches [7] and pine trees. More than 13,000 were handed over to forestry officers, to scientists and to plant nurseries. As time went by, the park known as the "Sequoia Farm" became bigger and bigger, developing into a highly respected arboretum. It has more than 400 varieties of trees and interesting ground flora and is part of the "Protected area of Maas-Schwalm-Nette", so-called after the three rivers that run through the area. [8]

After the death of Ernst J. Martin in 1967, North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW) took over the farm. At first, the teacher-training institute of NRW, later on the University of Cologne, and, between 1987 and 2007, the University of Duisburg-Essen made it a centre of dendrological studies. [9] Since 2013 the arboretum has been in possession of the registered society "Sequoiafarm e.V.". [10] From April to October it is open to the public on Sundays and holidays.

Notable trees (selection)

Binomial nomenclatureEnglish nameCountry of Origin
Acer runifere Redvein Maple, Honshū MapleJapan
Abies concolor Sierra Nevada White FirWestern North America
Abies grandis Grand Fir, Giant FirWestern North America
Ailanthus altissima Tree of heavenChina, Taiwan
Calocedrus decurrens California incense cedarWestern North America
Cercidiphyllum japonicum KatsuraChina, Japan
Gunnera manicata Gunnera manicataSouth Brasilia
Magnolia kobus Kobushi MagnoliaJapan
Nothofagus obliqua (the largest specimen in Germany) [11] Roble beechChile, Argentina
Parrotia persica Persian ironwoodNorthern Iran
Pinus ayacahuite (the largest specimen in Germany) [12] Mexican White PineMexico, Central America
Sequoia sempervirens Coast redwoodWestern North America
Sequoiadendron giganteum Giant sequoiaCalifornia
Thuja plicata Western redcedarBritish Columbia
Tsuga sieboldii Southern Japanese HemlockJapan
Wollemia nobilis WollemiaAustralia
Zanthoxylum simulans Japanese pepperJapan
Ernst J. Martin (1900-1967), founder of the farm Ernst J. Martin.jpg
Ernst J. Martin (19001967), founder of the farm
Illa Martin (1900-1988), co-founder of the farm Illa Martin.JPG
Illa Martin (19001988), co-founder of the farm

Related Research Articles

Nettetal Town in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany

Nettetal is a municipality in the district of Viersen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is situated in the Lower Rhine region.

Grefrath Municipality in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany

Grefrath is a municipality in the district of Viersen, in the western part of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

Heinz Ellenberg

Heinz Ellenberg was a German biologist, botanist and ecologist. Ellenberg was an advocate of viewing ecological systems through holistic means. He developed 9–point scales for rating European plant preferences for light, temperature, continentality, nutrients, soil moisture, pH, and salinity.

Reichsflotte Military unit

The Reichsflotte was the first navy for all of Germany, established by the revolutionary German Empire to provide a naval force in the First Schleswig War against Denmark. The decision was made on 14 June 1848 by the Frankfurt Parliament, which is considered by the modern German Navy as its birthday.

Kaldenkirchen Stadtteil of Nettetal in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany

Kaldenkirchen is a town in North Rhine-Westphalia in Germany, situated close to the Dutch border at Venlo. It is part of the municipality of Nettetal.

Hellmut Diwald was a German historian and Professor of Medieval and Modern History at the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg from 1965 to 1985.

Erik Martin

Erik Martin was a German writer, songwriter and composer of songs. He was the founder and editor of the literature and art magazine Muschelhaufen.

Lower Left Rhine Railway

The Left Lower Rhine line is a main line on the left (western) bank of the Rhine in the lower Rhine region of the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia, running from Cologne to Cleves (Kleve) and formerly via Kranenburg to Nijmegen in the Netherlands. The Cologne–Krefeld section of the line was opened by the Cöln-Crefeld Railway Company in 1855 and is one of the oldest lines in Germany.

Helge Breloer

Helge Breloer née Martin was a German jurist, tree-appraisal expert, and author of nonfiction books.

Illa Martin German dendrologist

Illa Martin was a German dendrologist, botanist, conservationist and dentist.

Pius Sack was a German entomologist who specialised in Diptera

The Elbschwanenorden was a literary association of the Baroque, founded between 1656 and 1660, dissolved in 1667. It was initiated by the poet and Protestant minister Johann Rist in Wedel and is named after the situation of the town on the lower Elbe. One of the goals was to maintain the integrity of the German language.

Albert Joseph Maria Defant was an Italian-Austrian meteorologist, oceanographer and climatologist. He published fundamental works on the physics of the atmosphere and ocean and is regarded as one of the founders of physical oceanography.

<i>Ulmus</i> × <i>hollandica</i> Fastigiata Elm cultivar

The hybrid elm cultivar Ulmus × hollandica 'Fastigiata' was first listed and described as Ulmus glabra fastigiata, a narrow-crowned elm with large smooth leaves, by Petzold and Kirchner in Arboretum Muscaviense (1864). C. Berndt of the Berndt Nursery, Zirlau, Schweidnitz, described an elm of the same name in Mitteilungen der Deutschen Dendrologischen Gesellschaft, that he had received in 1903 "from a renowned nursery in Holstein" as Ulmus montana fastigiata macrophylla. A tree of that name had been listed by Dieck in 1885 without description. Berndt reported that his U. glabra fastigiata was "easy to confuse with U. montana superba", a tree "known in the Magdeburg region as Ulmus praestans", a statement confirming that, like that cultivar, his tree was a form of U. × hollandica. Karl Gustav Hartwig who received specimens of U. praestans from Kiessling of the Magdeburg city nursery in 1908, concluded (1912) that U. glabra fastigiataKirchner was indistinguishable in leaf or habit from U. praestans. An U. campestris glabra fastigiataArb. Musc. [ = Kirchner] was distributed by the Hesse Nursery, Weener, Germany, in the 1930s, where it was listed separately from U. praestans.

County of Moers

The County of Moers was a historical princely territory on the left bank of the Lower Rhine that included the towns of Moers and Krefeld as well as the surrounding villages and regions.

Johannes Hallmann is a German agricultural scientist of phytomedicine. He is a scientific adviser at the Julius Kühn-Institut, the Federal Research Institute for Cultivated Plants, the Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics in Münster, the University Professor for Nematology and the President of the German Phytomedicine Society.

Entomologischer Verein Krefeld German learned society

The Entomologischer Verein Krefeld (EVK) is an entomological society based in Krefeld, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Founded in 1905, it keeps meticulous records and specimens of the area's insects, a collection curated since 1987 by entomologist Martin Sorg.

Ernst Klusen was a German musicologist, educator and Volkslied composer.

Peter Ludwig Gülke is a German conductor and musicologist.

Joseph Müller-Blattau

Joseph Maria Müller-Blattau was a German musicologist and National Socialist cultural official. He is regarded as a "nestor of Saarbrücken musicology" but also as a "singer of a musical seizure of power" because of his activities in National Socialism.

References

Notes

  1. Herbert Hubatsch: Ernst Martin. In: Der Niederrhein. Krefeld. No. 3, 1967
  2. Arthur Lange: Wissenschaft als Steckenpferd. Laienforscher – ihre Leistungen und ihre Wissenschaft. Holsten. Hamburg 1967
  3. Ernst J. Martin: Mammutbäume in der deutschen Forstwirtschaft? In: „Die Umschau in Wissenschaft und Technik“. Frankfurt 1954. ISSN   0041-6347
  4. Hans Huth: Sequoias in Germany. In: Journal of Forest History, Vol. 3, July 1976. Durham (USA), ISSN   0094-5080
  5. Illa Martin: Die Wiedereinführung des Mammutbaumes (Sequoiadendron giganteum) in die deutsche Forstwirtschaft. In: Mitteilungen der Deutschen Dendrologischen Gesellschaft. Vol. 75, pp. 5775. Ulmer. Stuttgart 1984. ISBN   3-8001-8308-0
  6. Illa Martin: Der Küstenmammutbaum (Sequoia sempervirens) und seine Anzucht in Deutschland. In: Mitteilungen der Deutschen Dendrologischen Gesellschaft. Vol. 77, pp. 57104. Ulmer. Stuttgart 1987. ISBN   3-8001-8310-2
  7. Illa Martin: Anzucht und Anbau von Nothofagus in Deutschland. In: Mitteilungen der Deutschen Dendrologischen Gesellschaft. Vol. 70, pp. 147166. Ulmer. Stuttgart 1978. ISBN   3-8001-8302-1
  8. Herbert Hubatsch: Von der Sequoiafarm zur Biologischen Station. In: Heimatbuch des Kreises Kempen-Krefeld, Kempen 1973
  9. Manfred Krause: Mammutbaumfarm am Niederrhein wird zum Eldorado für Wissenschaftler der Essener Uni. In: WAZ vom 30. Juli 1988
  10. "Ein einzigartiges Arboretum am Niederrhein. - Sequoiafarm Kaldenkirchen".
  11. Schirnig, Dr. Heinz. "Deutschland L-Q".
  12. Schirnig, Dr. Heinz. "Deutschland L-Q".

Coordinates: 51°18′32″N6°10′20″E / 51.30889°N 6.17222°E / 51.30889; 6.17222