Karnes Hollow

Last updated
Karnes Hollow
Physical characteristics
Main source valley on Kramer Hill in Fishing Creek Township, Columbia County, Pennsylvania
between 980 and 1,000 feet (300 and 300 m)
River mouth Fishing Creek in Benton Township, Columbia County, Pennsylvania
722 ft (220 m)
41°10′25″N76°23′09″W / 41.1737°N 76.3859°W / 41.1737; -76.3859 Coordinates: 41°10′25″N76°23′09″W / 41.1737°N 76.3859°W / 41.1737; -76.3859
Length 1.1 mi (1.8 km)
Basin features
Progression Fishing Creek → Susquehanna River → Chesapeake Bay
Basin size 0.90 sq mi (2.3 km2)

Karnes Hollow is a tributary of Fishing Creek in Columbia County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately 1.1 miles (1.8 km) long and flows through Fishing Creek Township and Benton Township. [1] The watershed of the stream has an area of 0.90 square miles (2.3 km2). The stream is named after a valley whose etymology is unknown. The surficial geology in its vicinity consists of colluvium, alluvium, Illinoian Till, Illinoian Lag, and bedrock consisting of sandstone and shale. [2]

Tributary stream or river that flows into a main stem river or lake

A tributary or affluent is a stream or river that flows into a larger stream or main stem river or a lake. A tributary does not flow directly into a sea or ocean. Tributaries and the main stem river drain the surrounding drainage basin of its surface water and groundwater, leading the water out into an ocean.

Columbia County, Pennsylvania County in the United States

Columbia County is a county located in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. As of the 2010 census, the population was 67,295. Its county seat is Bloomsburg. The county was created on March 22, 1813, from part of Northumberland County and named for Columbia, a poetic name for the United States that alludes to Christopher Columbus.

Fishing Creek Township, Columbia County, Pennsylvania Township in Pennsylvania, United States

Fishing Creek Township is a township in Columbia County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 1,416 at the 2010 census.

Contents

Course

Karnes Hollow begins in a valley on Kramer Hill in Fishing Creek Township. It flows north for a short distance before turning north-northeast for several tenths of a mile. The stream then turns northeast for several tenths of a mile, entering Benton Township. It then turns east and reaches its confluence with Fishing Creek a few hundred feet further downstream. [1]

Karnes Hollow joins Fishing Creek 20.90 miles (33.64 km) upstream of its mouth. [3]

Geography and geology

The elevation near the mouth of Karnes Hollow is 722 feet (220 m) above sea level. [4] The elevation of the stream's source is between 980 and 1,000 feet (300 and 300 m) above sea level. [1]

River mouth end of a river

A river mouth is the part of a river where the river debouches into another river, a lake, a reservoir, a sea, or an ocean.

Sea level Average level for the surface of the ocean at any given geographical position on the planetary surface

Mean sea level (MSL) is an average level of the surface of one or more of Earth's oceans from which heights such as elevation may be measured. MSL is a type of vertical datum – a standardised geodetic datum – that is used, for example, as a chart datum in cartography and marine navigation, or, in aviation, as the standard sea level at which atmospheric pressure is measured to calibrate altitude and, consequently, aircraft flight levels. A common and relatively straightforward mean sea-level standard is the midpoint between a mean low and mean high tide at a particular location.

River source The starting point of a river

The source or headwaters of a river or stream is the furthest place in that river or stream from its estuary or confluence with another river, as measured along the course of the river.

Along most of the length of Karnes Hollow, the surficial geology features colluvium. However, alluvium (which contains stratified sand, silt, and gravel, as well as some boulders), is present near the mouth of the stream. There are also some patches of Illinoian Till and Illinoian Lag in the middle and upper reaches of the watershed. The surficial geology everywhere else in the stream's vicinity consists of bedrock consisting of sandstone and shale. [2]

Colluvium

Colluvium is a general name for loose, unconsolidated sediments that have been deposited at the base of hillslopes by either rainwash, sheetwash, slow continuous downslope creep, or a variable combination of these processes. Colluvium is typically composed of a heterogeneous range of rock types and sediments ranging from silt to rock fragments of various sizes. This term is also used to specifically refer to sediment deposited at the base of a hillslope by unconcentrated surface runoff or sheet erosion.

Alluvium Loose soil or sediment that is eroded and redeposited in a non-marine setting

Alluvium is loose, unconsolidated soil or sediment that has been eroded, reshaped by water in some form, and redeposited in a non-marine setting. Alluvium is typically made up of a variety of materials, including fine particles of silt and clay and larger particles of sand and gravel. When this loose alluvial material is deposited or cemented into a lithological unit, or lithified, it is called an alluvial deposit.

Sand A granular material composed of finely divided rock and mineral particles, from 0.063 to 2 mm diameter

Sand is a granular material composed of finely divided rock and mineral particles. It is defined by size, being finer than gravel and coarser than silt. Sand can also refer to a textural class of soil or soil type; i.e., a soil containing more than 85 percent sand-sized particles by mass.

Watershed

The watershed of Karnes Hollow has an area of 0.90 square miles (2.3 km2). [3] The stream is entirely within the United States Geological Survey quadrangle of Benton. [4]

Drainage basin Area of land where precipitation collects and drains off into a common outlet

A drainage basin is any area of land where precipitation collects and drains off into a common outlet, such as into a river, bay, or other body of water. The drainage basin includes all the surface water from rain runoff, snowmelt, and nearby streams that run downslope towards the shared outlet, as well as the groundwater underneath the earth's surface. Drainage basins connect into other drainage basins at lower elevations in a hierarchical pattern, with smaller sub-drainage basins, which in turn drain into another common outlet.

United States Geological Survey Scientific agency of the United States government

The United States Geological Survey is a scientific agency of the United States government. The scientists of the USGS study the landscape of the United States, its natural resources, and the natural hazards that threaten it. The organization has four major science disciplines, concerning biology, geography, geology, and hydrology. The USGS is a fact-finding research organization with no regulatory responsibility.

Karnes Hollow is located to the northwest of the community of Stillwater and some distance to the south of Benton. The stream is in the north-central part of Fishing Creek Township and in the east-central part of the quadrangle of Benton. [2] [5]

There are no roads crossing Karnes Hollow. However, Kramer Hill Road runs relatively close to the stream for its entire length, staying within several hundred feet of it and at times approaching to within 200 feet (61 m). [1]

History and etymology

Karnes Hollow was entered into the Geographic Names Information System on August 2, 1979. Its identifier in the Geographic Names Information System is 1178233. [4]

Karnes Hollow is an unnamed stream that takes the name of the valley through which it flows. [3] The etymology of the valley is unknown. [5]

See also

Related Research Articles

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West Branch Little Muncy Creek

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Big Run (Little Muncy Creek tributary)

Big Run is a tributary of Little Muncy Creek in Lycoming County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately 4.3 miles (6.9 km) long and flows through Penn Township and Franklin Township. The watershed of the stream has an area of 3.99 square miles (10.3 km2). The stream is impaired by a high total concentration of nitrogen. A number of bridges have been constructed across it.

Tinker Hollow is a tributary of Little Creek in Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately 1.0 mile (1.6 km) long and flows through Clifford Township. The watershed of the stream has an area of 1.33 square miles (3.4 km2). The stream is not designated as an impaired waterbody and has wild trout naturally reproducing within it. The surficial geology in its vicinity includes Wisconsinan Till, alluvium, Wisconsinan Ice-Contact Stratified Drift, bedrock, and a lake.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 United States Geological Survey, The National Map Viewer , retrieved March 10, 2015
  2. 1 2 3 Duane D. Braun (2012), Surficial geology of the Benton 7.5-Minute Quadrangle, Columbia and Lycoming Counties, Pennsylvania, p. 16, retrieved March 10, 2015
  3. 1 2 3 Pennsylvania Gazetteer of Streams (PDF), November 2, 2001, pp. 2, 15, retrieved March 10, 2015
  4. 1 2 3 Geographic Names Information System, Feature Detail Report for: Karnes Hollow , retrieved March 10, 2015
  5. 1 2 Walter M. Brasch (1982), Columbia County Place Names, p. 121
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