Kelvedon Hall

Kelvedon Hall
"The place is a dream of quiet well-bred tranquillity" - Chips Channon's diary entry for 30 April 1937, made just prior to his buying the house
Type	House
Location	Kelvedon Hatch, Essex
Coordinates	51°40′39″N0°15′10″E / 51.6774°N 0.2527°E / 51.6774; 0.2527
Built	1743, restorations in late 18th and early 20th centuries
Architect	Gerald Wellesley, 20th century restoration
Governing body	Privately owned
Listed Building – Grade I
Official name	Kelvedon Hall
Designated	27 August 1952
Reference no.	1279546
Listed Building – Grade II
Official name	Lodge to Kelvedon Hall
Designated	27 August 1952
Reference no.	1297203
Listed Building – Grade II
Official name	Orangery and Garden Wall at Kelvedon Hall
Designated	20 February 1967
Reference no.	1207892
Listed Building – Grade II
Official name	Stable Block North West of Kelvedon Hall
Designated	20 February 1967
Reference no.	1207896
Location of Kelvedon Hall in Essex

Kelvedon Hall is a country house in the village of Kelvedon Hatch, near Brentwood, Essex, England. Originally the site of an important medieval manor, the current house was built in the mid-18th century by a family of Catholic landowners, the Wrights, who had bought the manor in 1538. The last of the Wrights to live at the house died in 1838 and it was then let, before being sold to a school. In 1937 the hall was bought by Henry “Chips” Channon, a wealthy Anglophile socialite. Kelvedon appears repeatedly in Channon's diaries, an intimate record of his social and political life from the 1920s to the 1950s. The hall remains the private home of the Channon family. It is a Grade I listed building.

History

In the Medieval period, the parish of Kelvedon Hatch comprised three manors of which that centred on Kelvedon Hall was the most important. The manor was held by the Wright family from 1538, ^[1] but their adherence to Catholicism limited their influence. ^[2] The present hall was built in 1743 for John Wright, replacing the original manor house. ^[1] The last Wright owner who lived at the hall was Joseph Wright who died in 1868. ^[2] The estate was then let to a succession of tenants until it was sold to St Michael's Roman Catholic School in the early 1930s. ^[3] The school was unsuccessful and the order of nuns in charge converted the hall to an asylum. This was equally unsuccessful, and in the spring of 1937, the house was again put up for sale. ^{[lower-alpha 1]} In May 1937, the hall was purchased by Henry "Chips" Channon. ^[5]

Henry Channon

Main article: Henry Channon

Henry Channon, generally known as "Chips", was an American-born anglophile who took up residence in England in 1918. ^[6] Possessed of a substantial inherited fortune of his own, Channon became richer still when he married an heiress, Honor Guinness, daughter of Rupert Guinness, 2nd Earl of Iveagh in 1933. In 1935 he was elected Member of Parliament for the Essex constituency of Southend, a seat previously held by both his father-in-law and his mother-in-law. ^[7]

Channon's political life, in which he never rose above the rank of Parliamentary Private Secretary, was always an adjunct to his social life, at which he excelled. His diaries record his friendships, and affairs, with many of the royals, aristocrats and the merely wealthy who populated the London social scene in the decades prior to and following World War II and are filled with "accounts of London dinners, luncheons or balls, or long country-house weekend parties". ^{[lower-alpha 2] [8]}

Channon's election as the MP for Southend led to a desire for a country house close to the constituency. Having viewed, and rejected, Bradwell Lodge near Maldon, ^{[lower-alpha 3] [10]} Channon and his wife settled on Kelvedon, buying it in May 1937. ^[5] Channon became very attached to the house, his diary entries frequently referring to its dream-like qualities; "Kelvedon is looking a dream of vernal lush beauty". ^[11] He immediately engaged his friend, Gerald Wellesley, an architect and heir to the Dukedom of Wellington, to undertake renovations. Wellesley, working with his partner Trenwith Wells, made alterations to the house and improvements to the grounds. ^{[lower-alpha 4] [1]}

On Channon's death in 1958, the hall passed to his son Paul. ^[13] It remains a private residence, and was occupied by Henry Channon, Chips's grandson, until his death in October 2021. ^[14] It is not open to the public. ^[13]

Architecture and description

Kelvedon is built to a U-plan, with a three-storey, seven-bay central block linked to two-storey pavilions at either side. ^[15] The construction material is red brick. ^[1] In addition to renovating the house, Channon commissioned enhancements to the setting of the house and to the wider estate. Wellesley and Wells built a double entrance lodge, the lodges connected by an archway, ^[1] while a swimming pool and bathing house were designed by William Kellner. ^{[lower-alpha 5] [17]} James Bettley, in his Essex volume of the Pevsner Buildings of England series, describes the unusual style of this pool pavilion as "Neo-Austrian-Baroque". ^{[lower-alpha 6] [1]}

Internally, Bettley notes some good interiors in an Adamesque style from the 1780s, a ceiling mural by John Churchill dating from Channon's ownership, and redecoration carried out in the mid-1960s by David Hicks for Channon's son. ^[1] Kelvedon Hall is a Grade I listed building. ^[15] The lodges, ^[19] the orangery and an attached wall, ^[20] and the stable block are all listed Grade II. ^[21]

Footnotes

1. Channon records a number of patient deaths at the asylum in the last years of the nuns' tenure. ^[4]
2. An expurgated and abridged version of Channon’s diaries, based on transcripts prepared by Channon’s lover, Peter Coats, was edited and published by Robert Rhodes James in 1967. The first two volumes of a fuller, uncensored, version, edited by Simon Heffer, were published in 2021, with the third and final volume in September 2022
3. Bradwell Lodge subsequently became the home of Tom Driberg, the Labour Party politician. ^[9]
4. Again working with Trenwith Wills, Wellesley also undertook the remodelling of 5 Belgrave Square, Channon's London home. ^[12]
5. Channon's diary makes reference to "the Austrian Kellner" of Jermyn Street. In an article for Country Life , Christopher Woodward identifies him as the art director William Kellner, who later achieved success in films such as Powell and Pressburger's A Matter of Life and Death , and Mankiewicz's Suddenly, Last Summer. ^[16]
6. Channon, who took a keen interest in the interior design of his homes, had a particular liking for the highly decorative. His celebrated dining room at Belgrave Square was designed by Stéphane Boudin and modelled on the Hall of Mirrors in the Amalienburg lodge in Munich. Harold Nicolson recorded his impressions in his diary after dining there in February 1936: "Oh my god, how rich and powerful Lord Channon has become. The house is all Regency upstairs then the dining room - baroque and rococo and what-ho and oh-no-no. Very fine indeed". ^[18]

References

1. Bettley & Pevsner 2007, pp. 513–514.
2. W. R. Powell, ed. (1956). "A history of the County of Essex-Ongar Hundred". British History Online. Victoria County History. University of London. pp. 63–65. Retrieved 27 September 2021.
3. Plater, Jill. "Kelvedon Hall - Essex Gardens Trust" (PDF). Brentwood Borough Council. Retrieved 27 September 2021.
4. Heffer 2021a, pp. 671–672.
5. Heffer 2021a, p. 675.
6. Rhodes James 1967, p. 3.
7. Rhodes James 1967, pp. 9–10.
8. Rhodes James 1967, p. 7.
9. Massey, Paul (16 November 2020). "This Neoclassical pavilion is the perfect English country house in miniature". House & Garden.
10. Heffer 2021a, p. 670.
11. Heffer 2021b, p. 187.
12. Owens, Mitchell (11 June 2016). "The Unbelievable Story Behind This Stunning Pair of Antique Chairs". Architectural Digest.
13. "Kelvedon Hall". DiCamillo Guides. Retrieved 27 September 2021.
14. Brown, David (26 October 2021). "Tragedy strikes again for Guinness dynasty". The Times.
15. Historic England. "Kelvedon Hall (Grade I) (1279546)". National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 27 September 2021.
16. Woodward, Christopher (23 September 2023). "In the swim: Britain's best private swimming pools". Country Life . Retrieved 2 December 2023.
17. Woodward, Christopher (23 September 2023). "In the swim: Britain's best private swimming pools". Country Life . Retrieved 2 December 2023.
18. Nicolson 1966, p. 244.
19. Historic England. "Lodge to Kelvedon Hall (Grade II) (1297203)". National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 27 September 2021.
20. Historic England. "Orangery and Garden Wall at Kelvedon Hall (Grade II) (1207892)". National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 27 September 2021.
21. Historic England. "Stable Block North West of Kelvedon Hall (Grade II) (1207896)". National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 27 September 2021.

Sources

• Bettley, James; Pevsner, Nikolaus (2007). Essex. The Buildings of England. New Haven, US and London: Yale University Press. ISBN   978-0-300-11614-4. OCLC   1042848015.
• Channon, Henry (2021). Simon Heffer (ed.). Henry "Chips" Channon - The Diaries: 1918-1938. London: Hutchinson. ISBN   978-1-786-33181-6. OCLC   1130667674.
• Channon, Henry (2021). Simon Heffer (ed.). Henry "Chips" Channon - The Diaries: 1938-1943. London: Hutchinson. ISBN   978-1-786-33182-3. OCLC   1259535451.
• Channon, Henry (1967). Robert Rhodes James (ed.). "Chips" - The Diaries of Sir Henry Channon. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. OCLC   530332018.
• Nicolson, Harold (1966). Nigel Nicolson (ed.). Diaries and Letters: 1930–1939. London: William Collins, Sons. OCLC   874514916.