Kenyan general election, 2017

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Kenyan presidential election, August 2017
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19,611,423 registered voters [1]
50% + 1 vote (nationally) and 25% in each of at least 24 counties votes needed to win

  Uhuru Kenyatta.jpg Raila Odinga 2009.jpg
Nominee Uhuru Kenyatta Raila Odinga
Party Jubilee ODM
Alliance Jubilee Alliance NASA
Running mate William Ruto Kalonzo Musyoka
Popular vote8,223,3696,822,812
Percentage54.2%44.9%
President before election

Uhuru Kenyatta
Jubilee

President-elect

None
(Results annulled)

General elections were held in Kenya on 8 August 2017 to elect the President, members of Parliament and devolved governments. [2] The reported results indicated that incumbent President Uhuru Kenyatta was re-elected with 54% of the vote. His main opponent, Raila Odinga, refused to accept the results and contested them in the Supreme Court.

President of Kenya head of state and head of government of Kenya

The President of the Republic of Kenya is the head of state and head of government of Kenya. The president leads the executive branch of the Government of Kenya and is the commander-in-chief of the Kenya Defence Forces. The official residence of the president is at State House, Nairobi. The wife of the President is referred to as the First Lady of Kenya.

Parliament of Kenya bicameral legislature of Kenya

The Parliament of Kenya is the bicameral legislature of Kenya. It consists of two houses:

Counties of Kenya a type of administrative territorial entity in Kenya and a type of constituency to its federal legislature

The counties of Kenya are geographical units envisioned by the 2010 Constitution of Kenya as the units of devolved government. The powers are provided in Articles 191 and 192, and in the fourth schedule of the Constitution of Kenya and the County Governments Act of 2012. The counties are also single member constituencies for the election of members of parliament to the Senate of Kenya and special women members of parliament to the National Assembly of Kenya. As of 2013 general elections, there are 47 counties whose size and boundaries are based on the 47 legally recognised Districts of Kenya. Following the re-organisation of Kenya's national administration, counties were integrated into a new national administration with the national government posting county commissioners to represent it at the counties.

Contents

The results of the presidential election were subsequently annulled and fresh elections were ordered to be held within 60 days. [3] It was later announced that a new election would be held on October 17. [4] However, the results of the parliamentary and local elections remained valid. The date for the presidential election was later changed to 26 October 2017. Despite the ruling for a new Presidential election, Odinga later announced his decision to withdraw from the repeat election on October 10. [5]

Background

The Kenyan Constitution requires a general election on the second Tuesday in August in every fifth year. [6] There have been public discussions to move the date from August to December with proponents pointing to fiscal timeline (1 July – 30 June) clashing with an August date because most ministries that support critical election processes will not have been fully funded and that a possible presidential runoff vote may interfere with the national examinations calendar of October and December. [7] Opponents of the election date change have argued for protecting the constitutional provision and that any change would be mired by legal challenges and might drag on to the next elections and still require a referendum to decide, putting the country's stability at risk. [7]

Constitution of Kenya supreme law of the Republic of Kenya

The Constitution of Kenya is the supreme law of the Republic of Kenya. There have been three significant versions of the constitution, with the most recent redraft being enabled in 2010. The 2010 edition replaced the 1963 independence constitution. The constitution was presented to the Attorney General of Kenya on 7 April 2010, officially published on 6 May 2010, and was subjected to a referendum on 4 August 2010. The new Constitution was approved by 67% of Kenyan voters. The constitution was promulgated on 27 August 2010.

On 7 August 2017, one day before the election, Barack Obama, who served as the 44th President of the United States from 2009 to 2017 and whose father, Barack Obama Sr., was Kenyan, called for calm and acceptance of the election results. [8]

Barack Obama 44th president of the United States

Barack Hussein Obama II is an American attorney and politician who served as the 44th president of the United States from 2009 to 2017. A member of the Democratic Party, he was the first African American to be elected to the presidency. He previously served as a U.S. senator from Illinois from 2005 to 2008.

Barack Obama Sr. Kenyan economist

Barack Hussein Obama Sr. was a Kenyan senior governmental economist and the father of Barack Obama, the 44th President of the United States. He is a central figure of his son's memoir, Dreams from My Father (1995). Obama married in 1954 and had two children with his first wife, Kezia. He was selected for a special program to attend college in the United States and studied at the University of Hawaii. There, Obama met Stanley Ann Dunham, whom he married in 1961, and with whom he had a son, Barack II. She divorced him three years later. The elder Obama later went to Harvard University for graduate school, where he earned an M.A. in economics, and returned to Kenya in 1964. He saw his son Barack once more, when he was about ten.

Electoral system

The President of Kenya is elected using a modified version of the two-round system: to win in the first round, a candidate must receive over 50% of the vote and at least 25% of the vote in a minimum of 24 of the 47 counties. [9] [10]

Two-round system voting system used to elect a single winner where a second round of voting is used if no candidate wins an absolute majority in the first round

The two-round system is a voting method used to elect a single winner, where the voter casts a single vote for their chosen candidate. However, if no candidate receives the required number of votes, then those candidates having less than a certain proportion of the votes, or all but the two candidates receiving the most votes, are eliminated, and a second round of voting is held.

The 337 members of the National Assembly are elected by two methods; 290 are elected in single-member constituencies by first-past-the-post voting. The remaining 47 are reserved for women and are elected from single-member constituencies based on the 47 counties, also using the first-past-the-post system. [11] The 67 members of the Senate are elected by four methods; 47 are elected in single-member constituencies based on the counties by first-past-the-post voting. Parties are then assigned a share of 16 seats for women, two for youth and two for disabled people based on their seat share. [12]

National Assembly (Kenya) lower house of the Parliament of Kenya

The National Assembly is the lower house of the Parliament of Kenya. Prior to the 11th Parliament in 1966 when the Parliament moved to become bicameral, it served as a unicameral house.

First-past-the-post voting voting system in which voters select one candidate, and the candidate who receives more votes than any other candidate wins

A first-past-the-post electoral system is one in which voters indicate on a ballot the candidate of their choice, and the candidate who receives the most votes wins. This is sometimes described as winner takes all. First-past-the-post voting is a plurality voting method. FPTP is a common, but not universal, feature of electoral systems with single-member electoral divisions, and is practiced in close to one third of countries. Notable examples include Canada, India, the United Kingdom, and the United States, as well as most of their current or former colonies and protectorates.

Party primaries

The Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission set the duration for political parties to conduct their primaries in April 2017 following the review of Kenya's Election Laws. Parties would have 14 days between 20 April and 2 May to conduct their primaries and submit their candidates to the electoral commission. [13]

Pre-election violence

William Ruto home siege

On 29 July 2017, Deputy President William Ruto's house was attacked by a local man armed with a machete. [14] During the siege, the deputy president and his family were not present. The assailant first injured the guard on duty, held him hostage and then killed him. The siege lasted 18 hours before the Kenyan Police special forces shot the attacker dead. The motives of the attacker were unknown and members of the public were unaware how a man armed with a machete held the elite police forces at bay for 18 hours. [15] [16]

Msando murder

On 27 July 2017, two bodies were found on the outskirts of Nairobi. One of the dead, Christopher Msando, was the head of information, communication, and technology at the Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission. [17] He played a major role in developing the new voting system for the election. [18] His body showed apparent marks of torture before he was murdered for unclear reasons. Alongside it was the body of a 21-year-old woman, Maryanne Ngumbu. [19] The FBI and Scotland Yard offered to help in the investigation. [20]

The murder of Msando raised suspicion among the opposition that it was part of a plot by the ruling party to rig the election as it appeared Msando was standing in the way.

Andrew Kipkoech Rono, 58, who was arrested over allegations he sent a threatening message to Msando before he was killed, appeared before High Court judge James Wakiaga.

Results

President

Kenyatta had maintained 10+% lead over Odinga in most polls for many weeks, but the two most recent polls before the election suggested a much closer race. [21] The outcome was reported as a 9.5-percentage-point victory for Kenyatta. [22] On 10 August, provisional results released by the Kenyan electoral commission put Kenyatta ahead by 54.2% to Odinga's 44%. The head of the EU delegation Marietje Schaake said there had been no sign of manipulation of the result at central or local level and urged all sides to accept the result. [23]

The Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission (IEBC) declared incumbents Uhuru Kenyatta and William Ruto as president-elect and deputy president-elect respectively on the evening of 11 August 2017. The National Super Alliance disputed the results.

CandidateRunning matePartyVotes%
Uhuru Kenyatta William Ruto Jubilee Party of Kenya 8,223,36954.17
Raila Odinga Kalonzo Musyoka National Super Alliance 6,822,81244.94
Joseph Nyagah Moses Marango Independent 38,0290.25
Abduba Dida Titus Ngetuny Alliance for Real Change38,0040.25
Ekuru Aukot Emmanuel Nzai Thirdway Alliance Kenya27,4000.18
Japheth Kaluyu Muthiora Kariara Independent 11,7740.08
Cyrus Jirongo Joseph Momanyi United Democratic Party11,2820.07
Michael Wainaina Miriam Mutua Independent 8,8700.06
Invalid/blank votes411,510–
Total15,593,050100
Registered voters/turnout19,611,42379.51
Source: IEBC

By county

Senate

Three women, Uasin Gishu's Margaret Kamar, Susan Kihika of Nakuru and Fatuma Dullo of Isiolo became the first women in Kenya's history to be elected to the Senate rather than appointed. [24] Kihika was also elected Senate Majority Whip on 31 August. [25]

PartyVotes%Seats
ConstituencyWomenYouthDisabledTotal+/–
Jubilee Party 2481134–2
Orange Democratic Movement 1351120+3
Wiper Democratic Movement – Kenya 21003–2
Amani National Congress 21003New
Kenya African National Union 210030
FORD–Kenya 10001–3
Chama Cha Uzalendo 10001+1
Party of Development and Reforms 10001New
Independents10001+1
Invalid/blank votes–––––––
Total471622670
Registered voters/turnout––––––
Source: IPU

National Assembly

PartyConstituencyCounty (women)Appointed
seats		Total
seats		+/–
Votes%SeatsVotes%Seats
Jubilee Party 140256171–33
Orange Democratic Movement 6211376–20
Wiper Democratic Movement – Kenya 193123–3
Amani National Congress 121114New
FORD–Kenya 101112+2
Kenya African National Union 82010+4
Economic Freedom Party 4105New
Maendeleo Chap Chap Party 3104New
Party of Development and Reforms 3104New
Chama Cha Mashinani 2002New
Kenya National Congress 20020
Kenya People's Party 2002New
Peoples Democratic Party 2002+1
Chama Cha Uzalendo 1001–1
Muungano Party 10010
New Democrats 1001+1
Party of National Unity 1001New
Democratic Party 1001+1
Frontier Alliance Party 1001New
National Agenda Party1001+1
Independents131014+10
Invalid/blank votes–––––––
Total2894712348–1
Registered voters/turnout–––––
Source: IPU

Governors

Three women were elected as governors for the first time for their respective counties – Joyce Laboso of Bomet County, Charity Ngilu of Kitui County, and Anne Waiguru of Kirinyaga County. 25 out of 47 governors lost their seats as well. [26] 29 of the 47 governors are members of the ruling Jubilee Party.

Reactions

Domestic

Opposition leader Raila Odinga alleged that the results had been tampered with by hackers. [27] At that time, he offered no evidence to justify his claim, which the head of Kenya's electoral commission dismissed. [28] Following the election, there were protests in Kisumu, Kibera and Mathare where Odinga enjoys major political support, some of which turned violent and deadly. [27] Odinga published his own results, which put him ahead, and claimed that the commission's IT system had been hacked and that Kenya had seen the worst "voter theft" in its history. [29] The chairman of the electoral commission, Wafula Chebukati, responded that his organisation was the only body allowed to count votes and that while there had been an attempt to hack the commission, it had failed. [29] A week after the vote, Odinga announced he would challenge the results in Kenya's Supreme Court.

The Economist did its own count of a small sample of paper ballots, which tallied with the electronic results. [30]

Kenyatta's reaction incorporated invitations of several world leaders to his inauguration, including: former US President Barack Obama; German Chancellor Angela Merkel; British Prime Minister Theresa May; Italian Prime Minister Matteo Renzi; Chinese President Xi Jinping; Liberian President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf; Nigerian President Muhammadu Buhari; Rwandan President Paul Kagame; Ugandan President Yoweri Museveni; Tanzanian President John Magufuli; South African President Jacob Zuma; His Royal Highness Aga Khan IV; and Nigerian billionaire tycoon Aliko Dangote. [31]

International

Aftermath

On 13 August, police said a total of 16 people have been killed in recent protests. [38]

Inaugurations

It was announced on 13 August that the new Parliament would be sworn in on 22 August, with Kenyatta's second inauguration to follow a week later. [39] However, Kenyatta's inauguration was pushed back to at least 12 September after Odinga agreed to challenge the results in court. [40] It was later announced that the reconvening of the Kenyan parliament was delayed to no later than 7 September due to a petition which was filed by groups affiliated with the Federation of Women Lawyers in Kenya (FIDA- Kenya) over the new parliament's lack of women needed to meet the two-thirds gender rule criteria. [41] Despite the FIDA- Kenya lawsuit, the IEBC announced on 22 August that it will publish the full list of elected Members of the National Assembly and Members of County Assembly later that day and that the gender-rule lawsuit will not be heard in court until 20 September; [42] the IEBC had already published the final results and names of the 47 Governors, Woman Representatives and Senators on 14 August. [42]

The Standard later reported on 22 August that the Kenyan Parliament will reconvene in the next week. [43] On 23 August, Kenyatta issued a decree stating that the Parliament will reconvene on 31 August when they assemble to swear in new members and elect respective Speakers and Deputy Speakers. [44] On 29 August, members-elect of the new Parliament officially underwent the process of registering their political orientation and held their first unofficial meetings in Parliament before being sworn-in. [45] They then met with respective party leaders on 30 August. [46] The 12th Kenyan Parliament [47] was then sworn in on 31 August [48] and various leaders were elected by members of the Kenyan National Assembly and Kenyan Senate to serve their respective houses as well. [25]

Supreme Court decision

On 28 August, the Kenyan Supreme Court heard Odinga's arguments for the first time. [49] Permission was granted to allow two agents of both the ruling party and Odinga's NASA party to audit the IEBC results, [50] though Odinga's lawyer James Orengo alleged afterwards that the IEBC was denying his team full access to the servers and other equipment that transmitted results from polling stations to the tallying centre despite the court allowing "read-only" access. [51]

Closing arguments then concluded on 29 August and it was announced that the court would make a decision on 1 September surrounding the results of the presidential election. [51] It was later announced on 30 August that the IEBC had submitted all result forms for scrutiny to give the Supreme Court a clear picture on how Kenyans voted during the elections. [52]

On 1 September, the Supreme Court nullified Kenyatta's election victory and ordered that a new presidential election take place within 60 days. [53]

On 5 September the IEBC set the next presidential election to be held on 17 October, [54] although Odinga announced that he would not participate in a new presidential election without "legal and constitutional guarantees" against alleged electoral fraud. [54] However, It was later announced on 21 September that the election would be delayed until 26 October after the IEBC sought more time to reform the voting processes. [55] The same day, IEBC Legal Affairs officer Praxedes Tororey succumbed to sustained pressure from NASA and resigned from her post. [56]

Evidence

Evidence was based on examining the 41,451 forms 34A, the 291 forms 34B and one form 34C that represented the stages of vote collection. The court requested the originals of all forms be brought for inspection. [52]

  • Form 34A: 10,438 of the forms, out of a total of 41,451 were missing when the result was declared. Some presented by IEBC were carbon copies while others did not bear the IEBC stamp, and some had the IEBC stamp on a photocopy of the original.
  • Form 34B: 10 were illegible, 56 of them had no watermark, 10 of the forms were not signed by the returning officer, and 66 bore no stamp. 31 forms had no serial number, and 32 were not signed by party agents.
  • Form 34C: had no security features or serial number. “The form looked like a photocopy”

The NASA opposition claimed this jeopardized 7 million votes when the margin of the result was 1.5 million votes.

On 20 September Justice Philomena Mwilu issued a court statement saying that the IEBC's refusal to provide access and failure to provide information on the IT system's firewall configuration left the court "no choice but to accept the petitioner's claims that the IEBC's IT system was infiltrated and compromised, and the data therein interfered with, or IEBC's officials themselves interfered with the data." [57] A day before the court delivered its statement, Chief Justice David Maraga said judges on the bench had faced death threats since declaring the election results void, and criticized the police for "ignoring calls to act." [57]

On 21 September Kenyatta decried the ruling as a "coup." [58]

Calls to prosecute IEBC officials

On 22 September Mathare MP Anthony Olouch, a member of NASA [59] who runs a firm called AT Olouch and Company Advocates, [60] issued a statement to the Director of Public Prosecutions (DPP) Keriako Tobik saying calling for the prosecution of the following IEBC officials: CEO Ezra Chiloba, Chairman Wafula Chebukati, Betty Nyabuto, Immaculate Kassait, James Muhati, Praxedes Tororey (who has since retired), Moses Kipkogei, Abdi Guliye, Molu Boya and Marjan Marjan. [60] The letter also stated “unless investigation leading into criminal charges and prosecution is commenced within 72 hours [by] this office, our instructions are to institute private prosecutions pursuant to Section 28 of the Office of the Director of Public Prosecutions [Act]." [60]

Odinga Withdrawal from Second Election

On 10 October, Odinga quit the second election, citing problems with the IEBC and withdrawals from his coalition. Odinga strongly believes he cannot go into another election with no reforms in the IEBC. [61]

Doubts of Fair Second Presidential Election

On 18 October recently resigned IEBC Commissioner, who fled to the United States, [62] issued a statement declaring that the second Kenyan Presidential election would not be a fair election. [63] The same day, IEBC Chairman Wafula Chebukati expressed skepticism about a fair election as well, claiming the IEBC commissioners were partisan-minded and that he resign unless certain conditions are met to reform the IEBC. [64] [65] On 20 October, the IEBC's chief executive officer Ezra Chiloba announced that he will not be monitoring the election and that starting 23 October, he will take a three-week vacation. [66] Chiloba's departure has created more uncertainty over who will monitor the election. [67]

On 24 October, the IEBC announced that it would now count back-up paper ballots and not rush to announce the official results based only on numbers sent from the polling stations like in the first Presidential election as well. [68] The same day, Chebukati appointed IEBC Vice Chair Consolata N.B. Maina as the IEBC Deputy National Returning Officer. [69]

Second Petition Filing

Honorable Mwau, Njonjo Mue and Khalef Khalifa files petitions challenging the declaration at Supreme Court on November 8.This act triggers political deadlock and uncertainty. President Uhuru Kenyatta launched his 24- page response stating his legally elected and accuses the petitioners for being used as NASA 'agents'. He also states his acceptance on the verdict made to repeat the elections, and further accuses the Opposition for frustrating IEBC'S capability of handling the elections and attaching the Jubilee administration of interference in the electoral decisions putting it as propaganda.

He further denies claims of sing state resources for campaigning and involvement of cabinet ministers in his campaign, voter influence, intimidation and corruption during the repeat polls.

NASA defended its withdrawal in the second polls through its Chief Principal Raila Odinga. NASA Co- Principal has maintained that the election was a 'sham' and IEBC was at all not independent as its decisions were solmenly made by foreign organs acting as relations officers to the public and the Jubilee Administration.

Kenyatta Inauguration

Despite challenges to his second victory, Kenyatta was officially sworn in for a second and final term on November 28. [70]

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Tom R was the main opposition candidate in the 2007 presidential election, running against incumbent Mwai Kibaki. [3] In the subsequent presidential election 5 years later he placed second against Uhuru Kenyatta, garnering 5,340,546 votes, which represented 43.28% of the total votes cast.[4] He made another run for the presidency in August 2017 against Uhuru Kenyatta and lost [5] after the chairman of the electoral body declared Uhuru Kenyatta as the winner with 54% of the votes cast to Raila's 43%.[6] This outcome was eventually annulled by the Supreme Court following findings that the election was marred by "illegalities and irregularities". A subsequent fresh election ordered by the Court was won by Uhuru Kenyatta when Raila declined to participate citing inadequate reforms to enable a fair process in the repeat poll.

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References

  1. ↑ Statistics per polling station IEBC
  2. ↑ IEBC announces 2017 election date Daily Nation, 10 December 2015
  3. ↑ Kenya presidential election cancelled by Supreme Court BBC News, 1 September 2017
  4. ↑ https://learningenglish.voanews.com/a/new-kenya-presidential-vote-announced-for-october-17/4016339.html
  5. ↑ https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-41572128
  6. ↑ "101. Election of members of Parliament – Kenya Law Reform Commission (KLRC)". klrc.go.ke.
  7. 1 2 Majority MPs back election date change from August to December Daily Nation, 6 August 2015
  8. ↑ Baker, Peter (7 August 2017). "Obama Weighs in on Kenyan Election, Urging Calm". The New York Times. Retrieved 8 August 2017.
  9. ↑ Presidential Candidates Kenya Diaspora Vote
  10. ↑ Article 138 (4) Constitution of Kenya 2010
  11. ↑ Electoral system Inter-Parliamentary Union
  12. ↑ art.90(3) Constitution of Kenya
  13. ↑ Party primaries slotted for April as IEBC reviews timelines ahead of polls The Star, 10 February 2017
  14. ↑ "Kenya Deputy President Ruto's home entered by knifeman". BBC News. 29 July 2017. Retrieved 2 August 2017.
  15. ↑ Team, Standard. "More questions as 18-hour siege at Ruto's residence end". The Standard. Retrieved 2 August 2017.
  16. ↑ "Kenyan police: Man with machete attacks VP Ruto's home". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2 August 2017.
  17. ↑ Freytas-tamura, Kimiko De (31 July 2017). "Kenyan Election Official Is Killed on Eve of Vote". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved 2 August 2017.
  18. ↑ Burke, Jason (31 July 2017). "Kenyan election official 'tortured and murdered' as fears of violence grow". The Guardian. ISSN   0261-3077 . Retrieved 2 August 2017.
  19. ↑ "Woman found alongside murdered IEBC's Msando identified " Capital News". Capital News. 1 August 2017. Retrieved 2 August 2017.
  20. ↑ "Msando murder: Hire foreign IT experts, accept FBI, Scotland Yard help – NASA". The Star, Kenya. Retrieved 2 August 2017.
  21. ↑ Star newspaper. "Pollsters differ on Uhuru, Raila support" . Retrieved 29 August 2017.
  22. ↑ Adrian Bloomfield (9 August 2017). "Uhuru Kenyatta on course for re-election in Kenya as Raila Odinga says he rejects preliminary results". The Telegraph .
  23. ↑ Burke, Jason (10 August 2017). "Kenya election monitors urge losing candidates to accept poll results". The Guardian. Retrieved 10 August 2017.
  24. ↑ "History as Kenya set to have first elected women senators". Daily Nation . August 2017. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  25. 1 2 Githae, Wanjohi (31 August 2017). "Kenya: Jubilee Pointmen Lusaka and Tuju Set for Key Posts". AllAfrica.
  26. ↑ "Jubilee wins more than half governor races". Daily Nation. Retrieved 12 August 2017.
  27. 1 2 "Protests over election fraud claim turn deadly in Kenya". Al Jazeera. 9 August 2017.
  28. ↑ Aglionby, John; Pilling, David (9 August 2017). "Kenya opposition leader Raila Odinga claims election fraud". Financial Times. Retrieved 10 August 2017.
  29. 1 2 "Kenya election 2017: Odinga supporters warned over claims". BBC News. 11 August 2017. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  30. ↑ "Kenya's election may turn nasty as the opposition disputes the count". The Economist . 10 August 2017. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  31. ↑ Mabel, Winnie. "List: Barack Obama and 11 other world leaders invited to Uhuru's swearing in ceremony".
  32. ↑ "Mbeki: AU has no mandate to probe 'hacking' claims in Kenya polls... at least for now". News24. Retrieved 10 August 2017.
  33. 1 2 "Kenya election was fair, no sign of manipulation – EAC, EU observers". The Star, Kenya. Retrieved 10 August 2017.
  34. ↑ "Kenyan challenger claims election was hacked, but John Kerry disagrees". CNN. 11 August 2017. Retrieved 1 September 2017.
  35. ↑ "The Latest: Kerry urges Kenya to resolve any vote disputes". WFMZ. 10 August 2017. Retrieved 10 August 2017.
  36. ↑ "Kenyan elections 'credible, fair and inclusive' – Chair of Commonwealth Observer Group". thecommonwealth.org. 10 August 2017. Retrieved 15 August 2017.
  37. 1 2 "EU observers urge poll losers to concede or follow judicial process " Capital News". Capital News. 10 August 2017. Retrieved 10 August 2017.
  38. ↑ "Protest death toll rises to 7: police". Pulse Nigeria. 13 August 2017.
  39. ↑ President Uhuru, DP Ruto to be sworn in on August 29 Standard Digital, 14 August 2017
  40. ↑ "Kenya: Uhuru Kenyatta's Swearing-in Plan Put On Hold". allAfrica. 16 August 2017.
  41. ↑ "12th Parliament convenes not later than Sept 7 amid gender row " Capital News". 21 August 2017.
  42. 1 2 "Members of Parliament, MCAs to be gazetted Wednesday " Capital News". 22 August 2017.
  43. ↑ KTN News Kenya (22 August 2017). "The 12th Parliament: Parliament set to open next week [Part 2]". YouTube.
  44. ↑ Njagih, Moses. "Uhuru Kenyatta calls first sitting of 12th Parliament, Speakers to be elected".
  45. ↑ Njagih, Moses. "Excitement as new young MPs enter parliament".
  46. ↑ Ndonga, Simon (30 August 2017). "Kenya: Jubilee, Nasa Leaders Meet MPs-Elect Ahead of Parliament's Re-Opening". AllAfrica.
  47. ↑ Kalekye, Margaret (31 August 2017). "Senators and National Assembly members take oath of office". Kenya Broadcasting Corporation.
  48. ↑ "FACTSHEET: Kenya's new parliament by numbers – Africa Check".
  49. ↑ Craig, Jill (28 August 2017). "Kenya's Supreme Court Opens Hearings on Presidential Election". Voice of America.
  50. ↑ Okuoro, Sara. "Supreme Court allows NASA to audit IEBC election materials".
  51. 1 2 News, ABC. "Kenya: Electoral body defies court in presidential petition".
  52. 1 2 Muthoni, Kamau; Ogemba, Paul (31 August 2017). "Presidential petition: What scrutiny of key IEBC forms revealed". Standard Digital. Retrieved 9 September 2017.
  53. ↑ de Freytas-Tamura, Kimiko (1 September 2017). "Kenya Supreme Court Nullifies Presidential Election". The New York Times.
  54. 1 2 Ombuor, Rael (5 September 2017). "Kenyan opposition leader rejects new presidential poll, demands 'guarantees' against fraud". The Washington Post. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
  55. ↑ "Kenya election: Poll body delays re-run by nine days". BBC News. 21 September 2017. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
  56. ↑ https://www.tuko.co.ke/252636-top-iebc-official-resigns-sustained-pressure-nasa.html
  57. 1 2 http://www.cnn.com/2017/09/20/africa/kenya-election-supreme-court/index.html
  58. ↑ http://www.africanews.com/2017/09/21/kenyatta-says-kenya-s-supreme-court-ruling-was-a-coup/
  59. ↑ http://www.nation.co.ke/news/Nasa-lawyers-sought-refuge-at-Raila-residence/1056-4063996-vcykn4z/index.html
  60. 1 2 3 http://www.nation.co.ke/news/politics/Nasa-DPP-charge-IEBC-officials-72-hours/1064-4107486-102dadvz/index.html
  61. ↑ http://ntv.co.ug/news/international/10/oct/2017/i-will-not-be-forced-participate-election-re-run-says-raila-odinga#sthash.Cjs9fhpG.dpbs
  62. ↑ http://www.latimes.com/world/africa/la-fg-kenya-election-threats-20171018-story.html
  63. ↑ http://www.nation.co.ke/news/Roslyn-Akombe-quits-The-full-statement-/1056-4144484-eja12hz/index.html
  64. ↑ https://www.tuko.co.ke/255062-chebukati-admits-frustrations-iebc-expresses-doubts-fairness-election-emotio.html#255062
  65. ↑ https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2001257758/wafula-chebukati-sets-conditions-for-him-to-remain-as-iebc-chair
  66. ↑ http://www.cnn.com/2017/10/20/africa/kenya-election-commission-official/index.html
  67. ↑ https://www.reuters.com/article/us-kenya-election/eyes-on-odinga-as-kenya-election-board-ceo-takes-leave-before-vote-idUSKBN1CP0FP
  68. ↑ https://www.reuters.com/article/us-kenya-election-result/kenya-officials-change-way-of-announcing-election-results-idUSKBN1CT2EP?il=0
  69. ↑ https://www.kenyans.co.ke/news/23993-wafula-chebukati-makes-new-appointment-iebc-teamhttps://www.kenyans.co.ke/news/23993-wafula-chebukati-makes-new-appointment-iebc-team
  70. ↑ https://www.nation.co.ke/news/Uhuru-sworn-in-for-final-term/1056-4205944-t0okwr/index.html
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