The Kerch Polytechnic College massacre was a school shooting and bomb attack that occurred in Kerch, Crimea, on 17 October 2018, when 18-year-old student Vladislav Roslyakov killed 20 people and wounded 67 others before subsequently committing suicide. It was the deadliest school shooting in Russia or Ukraine since the 2004 Beslan school siege.[2]
Vladislav Roslyakov purchased a shotgun on 8September 2018 and bought 150rounds legally at a gun shop on 13October 2018.[3][4][5] He entered the grounds of Kerch Polytechnic College on 17October 2018 at about 10:02a.m.[6][7] A survivor of the incident said that the shooting lasted for more than 15minutes.[8]
Multiple witnesses recounted an individual gunman strolling through the corridors of Kerch Polytechnic College, discharging shots indiscriminately at classmates and teachers. He also fired at computer monitors, locked doors, and fire extinguishers.[9] A large nail bomb[10] was detonated during the attack, and local police said that they deactivated more explosives on the campus.[11] However, there was initially variation in survivors' accounts of the incident, with some claiming that a large bomb exploded and others describing only gunfire and the use of grenades.[12]
Emergency services respond to the massacre
CNN reported that state television channel Russia-24 said that 200military personnel had been sent to the location.[13] Eyewitness accounts differ about the time it took for law enforcement to respond, as times differ between 10 and 15minutes[12] even though a police station is across the street, within 300 metres (980ft) of the college.[6] The massacre ended when the gunman committed suicide in the college's library. Graphic video footage of the attack was captured by school surveillance cameras and later posted on both the news programme Vesti.Krym's YouTube channel and on its website. This footage was removed from both sites shortly afterwards.[14]
Russia's National Anti-Terrorism Committee[17] said that most of the victims were teenagers. Fifteen students and five teachers died.[18]
The Kerch Deputy Mayor, Dilyaver Melgaziyev, initially clarified rumors on 18 October that six of the deceased were under the age of 18. This figure was later revised to eleven.[19] Crimean authorities have published a list of the initial 20 victims who were killed.[20][21]
Crimean State Council speaker Vladimir Konstantinov announced that the victims' families would receive financial compensation, with preliminary discussions suggesting that the payments would be 1 million rubles (USD 13577.73) from the Russian federal budget and 1 million rubles from the local budget.[13]
Perpetrator
Roslyakov in the Sokol gun store, four days before the attack
The attack was perpetrated by a fourth-year student of the college, Vladislav Igorevich Roslyakov (Russian: Владисла́в И́горевич Росляко́в; 2 May 2000 – 17 October 2018). He was 18 years old at the time of the massacre.[23]
When Roslyakov was around ten years old, his parents broke up when his father sustained a severe head injury, after which he became disabled, started drinking alcohol, and abused Roslyakov, his mother, and other relatives.[24][25] Roslyakov studied at a local school with no interest and poor grades. He had few friends, and his hobbies included weapons and video games.[26] In 2015 he joined the college to study to become an electrician. In college he developed an interest in explosives and weapons and started to take a knife bayonet to class.[27] One day he discharged pepper spray in a class and failed to explain his actions.[28] His mother, a Jehovah's Witness,[29][30][31] limited his social activity, searched his pockets, and refused to allow him to go to the cinema or use a computer, only allowing the latter when he turned 16.[32][33][31][34]
In the days leading up to the attack, Roslyakov stated that he did not believe in the afterlife.[35] On the eve of the attack, according to neighbours, Roslyakov burned a Bible in which he had highlighted verses, along with his mobile phone and other books.[36]
A friend has claimed that Roslyakov "hated the polytechnic very much" and had vowed revenge on his teachers.[37] There were also reports that he may have been bullied.[38] In the days before the attack, he discussed ignorance by others, the lack of purpose in his life, mass shootings, and suicide on social media.[35] Roslyakov was in a number of online communities dedicated to serial and mass killers.[39]
Surveillance footage of the incident shows Roslyakov wearing black trousers and a white T-shirt emblazoned with the Russian word "НЕНАВИСТЬ" ("HATRED") as he carries an eight-shot 12-gauge Hatsan Escort Aimguard pump-action shotgun with a pistol grip.[11][35] His clothing resembled that of Eric Harris, one of the perpetrators of the 1999 Columbine High School massacre, leading to speculation that the massacre was a copycat crime.[40] According to some Russian tabloids, he had been a member of various Dylan Klebold and Eric Harris fan clubs on social networks and had informed friends of his belief that "it would be good to have a massacre",[41] specifically referencing the Columbine High School massacre as an example. Furthermore, he had mentioned his belief in the two perpetrators being "awesome".[39] Like perpetrator Eric Harris, Roslyakov committed suicide in the library of the college by shooting himself with his shotgun.
Investigation
Russia's Investigative Committee initially classified the attack as terrorism but later changed it to mass murder.[10][11] After the first reports of an alleged terrorist attack in Kerch, many Russian politicians and mass media suggested that the events were the activities of "Ukrainian saboteurs"[42] and that the Ukrainian government was responsible. Still, they changed their views after more information emerged,[11] while others questioned whether Roslyakov was sufficiently checked before being allowed to purchase a gun and ammunition, which Roslyakov legally did.[43]
In the days immediately following the massacre, investigators researched Roslyakov's background in attempts to establish his precise motive. These investigators also revealed that, ultimately, they were treating the incident as a calculated school shooting.[12] Officials are investigating concerns in the case, such as where Roslyakov got the 30,000–40,000 rubles (US$480–640) for the weapon and where he learned to use those weapons.[6] It was discovered that Roslyakov obtained a weapon permit in 2018 and owned the gun legally, after completing a legally required training on weapon security and presenting all required documents, including a medical report. He periodically attended a shooting club.[44] Shortly before the shooting, he legally purchased 150 rounds of ammunition.[45][46]
The Investigative Committee ordered a psychiatric evaluation of Roslyakov postmortem.[47] Crimean Prime Minister Sergey Aksyonov stated on 18 October that the perpetrator might have had an accomplice, and police were searching for the individual "who was coaching" Roslyakov for the crime.[48] However, on 9 November 2018, the Investigative Committee came to the conclusion that Roslyakov had acted alone.[49]
Aftermath
Students returned to studies on 23 October, with checkpoints at the entrances at which the students' identities are confirmed. A spokesperson for the Rostov Region Directorate of the Russian Emergency Ministry told reporters: "An examination has been carried out. According to the preliminary information, there is no danger of [the building's] collapse."[50]
Crimean Prime Minister Sergey Aksyonov announced that there would be four days of mourning. Crimean State Council speaker Vladimir Konstantinov said that it was impossible to conceive that 18-year-old suspect Vladislav Roslyakov had prepared the attack by himself, saying, "On the ground, he acted alone, that is already known and established, but in my opinion and in the opinion of my colleagues this reprobate could not have carried out the preparations."[54]
Sergei Mikhailovich Smirnov, deputy head of Russia's Federal Security Service (FSB), said the security services needed to have greater control over the Internet.[54][55] Russian political analyst Sergey Mikheyev on Russian state TV blamed the attack on "Western subculture", claiming that it "builds its matrix on the cult of violence ... the one who has a weapon in his hands is right. This is a purely American approach to the matter."[56] Russian President Vladimir Putin said at the Valdai Discussion Club in Sochi that the attack appeared to be the result of globalisation, social media, and the Internet, and that "everything started with the tragic events in schools in the US ... we're not creating healthy (Internet) content for young people ... which leads to tragedies of this kind."[10][57][42][56] Some saw the remarks as Russians blaming the West for the attack and a linkage with his past as head of the Kremlin and FSB before becoming president, which The Irish Times said are "suspicious of the internet and social media, seeing them as western-dominated technologies that can be used to stir up dissent and street protests."[56][43][55]
Some newspapers described the attack as "Russia's Columbine", a reference to the 1999 US high school massacre.[65][42][57]Steven Rosenberg said the attack should not be surprising, as he noted there had already been five attacks in schools in Russia in 2018 where a number of children were injured.[10] A Telegraph article also claimed there had been half a dozen school attacks in Russia in 2018, although claiming the previous incidents involved knives and traumatic pistols rather than high-powered firearms.[42]
A procession of mourners attend a memorial to the victims on 19 October
Memorials
Throughout Russia and other countries, hundreds of people gathered for memorials for the victims. In Moscow, the memorial of Kerch in the Alexander Garden was decorated with flowers.[citation needed] A makeshift memorial was created outside of the school for residents and survivors to bring flowers and toys.[66]
An open memorial and funeral for the victims was held in the central square of Kerch, with a speech by Sergey Aksyonov, who told the crowd, "We don't want to talk, we want to weep. The history of Crimea will be divided in two — before and after 17 October. We need to be strong we need to be brave."[67] Around 20,000 people were estimated to have attended the public funeral in Kerch.[68]
Kerch, also known as Keriç or Kerich, is a city of regional significance on the Kerch Peninsula in the east of Crimea. It has a population of 147,033 .
The Kerch Strait is a strait in Eastern Europe. It connects the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov, separating the Kerch Peninsula of Crimea in the west from the Taman Peninsula of Russia's Krasnodar Krai in the east. The strait is 3.1 kilometres (1.9 mi) to 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) wide and up to 18 metres (59 ft) deep. The most important harbor, the Crimean city of Kerch, gives its name to the strait, formerly known as the Cimmerian Bosporus or Straits of Taman. It has also been called the Straits of Yenikale after the Yeni-Kale fortress in Kerch.
Dvach, also known as 2ch, is the largest Russian anonymous imageboard. It originally began in 2006 and was shut down in 2009. It was succeeded by many copies, one of which became more popular than the original. It is currently known as 2ch.hk and run by Nariman Namazov, nicknamed Abu. After a major DDoS-attack in 2016, it has been hosted by a state-affiliated company, the Mail.Ru Group, leading many users to believe that it was sold to the company for an undisclosed sum.
The Kerch Peninsula is a major and prominent geographic peninsula located at the eastern end of the Crimean Peninsula.
A copycat crime is a criminal act that is modeled after or inspired by a previous crime. It notably occurs after exposure to media content depicting said crimes, and/or a live criminal model.
The Crimean Bridge, also called Kerch Strait Bridge or Kerch Bridge, is a pair of parallel bridges, one for a four-lane road and one for a double-track railway, spanning the Kerch Strait between the Taman Peninsula of Krasnodar Krai in Russia and the Kerch Peninsula of Crimea. Built by the Russian Federation after its annexation of Crimea at the start of 2014, the bridge cost ₽227.92 billion (US$3.7 billion) and has a length of 19 km (12 mi), making it the longest bridge in Europe and the longest bridge ever constructed by Russia.
Cape Fonar is the easternmost point of the Crimean peninsula. The cape is located on the western shore of Kerch Strait near the exit to Azov Sea.
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The Kerch Strait ferry line was a ferry connection across the Strait of Kerch that connected the Crimean Peninsula and Krasnodar Krai.
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"Bagerovo–Vyshesteblyevskaya" is a railway branch opened in 2019, which connects the Crimean Bridge into the rail networks at either end and replaced the train ferry between Kerch and Port Kavkaz. It is part of the Moscow–Crimea Main Line railway route. The construction of the branch line provides railway transit to the ports of the Crimea and the creation of a dry cargo area of the port of Taman. In combination with other enhancements, it is planned to allow reducing the time for the movement of passenger trains from Moscow to Simferopol from 2 days to 18 hours. A further branch, to the cargo yard in the area of the future Portovaya station at the Port of Taman, was put into operation in April 2016. This made it possible to bring the unloading station for delivery of construction materials 32 km closer to the construction of the Crimean Bridge. The entire line was put into temporary use in June 2019, and into permanent use in December 2019. The first regular passenger train passed on December 25, 2019.
Kerch Polytechnic College is a higher education institution in Kerch, Crimea. It trains personnel in 16 specialties, and about 300 students enroll for first-year studies at the college annually.
The Kerch Strait incident was an international incident that occurred on 25 November 2018 in the Kerch Strait, during which the Russian Federal Security Service (FSB) coast guard fired upon and captured three Ukrainian Navy vessels after they attempted to transit from the Black Sea into the Sea of Azov through the strait on their way to the port of Mariupol. It was the first time that Russian forces had openly engaged Ukrainian forces during the Russo-Ukrainian War.
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The Kerch railway bridge, also called the Kerch Bridge, was a short-lived Soviet Russian railway bridge across the Kerch Strait, which connects the Black Sea with the Sea of Azov. Constructed in 1944–1945 and demolished later in 1945, it connected the Chushka Spit of the Krasnodar Krai with the Kerch Peninsula of the Crimean ASSR. With a length of 4.5 km (2.8 mi), it was the longest bridge in the Soviet Union.
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