Kerry James Marshall

Last updated
Kerry James Marshall
Born (1955-10-17) October 17, 1955 (age 69)
Birmingham, Alabama, US
Alma mater Otis College of Art and Design
Occupation(s)Painter, sculptor, professor
SpouseCheryl Lynn Bruce
Awards MacArthur Fellowship

Kerry James Marshall (born October 17, 1955) is an American artist and professor, known for his paintings of Black figures. [1] He previously taught painting at the School of Art and Design at the University of Illinois at Chicago. In 2017, Marshall was included on the annual Time 100 list of the most influential people in the world. [2] He was born and raised in Birmingham, Alabama, and moved in childhood to South Central Los Angeles. [3] He has spent much of his career in Chicago, Illinois.

Contents

A retrospective exhibition of his work, Kerry James Marshall: Mastry, was assembled by the Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago in 2016. [4]

Early life and education

Marshall was born October 17, 1955, in Birmingham, Alabama. [1] He was raised in Birmingham and later in Los Angeles, California. [3] He is the son of a postal worker and a homemaker. [1] His father's hobby was buying broken watches that he would inexpensively acquire in pawnshops and learn how to fix them with the help of books before reselling the watches. [1] Marshall was able to learn to deconstruct items that he saw as rarefied and complex, making them his own.

His home in Los Angeles was near the Black Panther Party's headquarters, which left him with a feeling of social responsibility and influenced his work directly. [5]

The subject matter of his paintings, installations, and public projects is drawn from African-American culture and rooted in the geography of his upbringing. In 1963 he moved with his family to the Nickerson Gardens public housing project in the Watts district of Los Angeles, just a few years before the race riots began. [6]

Education

In high school, Marshall began figure drawing under the mentorship of social realist painter Charles White, which continued on into Marshall's college career. [3] [7] He stated that during the years of his training, White "became as much as a friend as a mentor; I kept in touch with his family, even after his death." [8] While studying at Otis College of Art and Design in Los Angeles, Marshall worked to "not have a representational image or a specific story to tell," over abstraction. [9] Marshall earned a B.F.A. degree in 1978 from Otis College of Art and Design. [10]

Career

Marshall was awarded a MacArthur Fellowship in 1997. [11] He was a professor at the University of Illinois in Chicago in the School of Art and Design from 1993 until 2006. [12] In 2013, he was named for the Committee on the Arts and the Humanities by President Barack Obama, one of seven new appointees chosen. [13] [14]

Hank Willis Thomas said Marshall was a big influence on him and his practice. [15]

Work influence, social views and themes

Untitled (Studio) (2014) at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in 2022 Untitled (Studio), 2014, Kerry James Marshall.jpg
Untitled (Studio) (2014) at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in 2022

Marshall's childhood time spent in the Watts neighborhood of Los Angeles, California, where the Black Power and Civil Rights movements happened, had a significant impact on his paintings. [16] Strongly influenced by his experiences as a young man, he developed a signature style during his early years as an artist that involved the use of extremely dark, essentially black figures. These images represent his perspective of African Americans, specifically black men with separate and distinct inner and outer appearances. At the same time, they confront racial stereotypes within contemporary American society. [17] This common theme appeared continuously in his work throughout the subsequent decades, especially in the 1980s and 1990s and still appears in his most recent works.

Marshall is known for large-scale paintings, sculptures, and other objects that take African-American life and history as their subject matter. In a 1998 interview with Bomb Magazine , Marshall observed,

"Black people occupy a space, even mundane spaces, in the most fascinating ways. Style is such an integral part of what black people do that just walking is not a simple thing. You've got to walk with style. You've got to talk with a certain rhythm; you've got to do things with some flair. And so in the paintings I try to enact that same tendency toward the theatrical that seems to be so integral a part of the black cultural body." [18]

Marshall believes that the gears of historical and institutional power in Western art resided primarily in painting. When he studied at Otis, he was fascinated by the work of Bill Traylor, the self-taught artist who was born into slavery in Alabama, which inspired him to create more artwork relating to old-timey, grinning racial trope. [5]

Marshall is one of the members of the contemporary artists of color such as Howardena Pindell, Charlene Teters, and Fred Wilson, who often incorporated the issue of race into their work. Marshall's work is steeped in black history and black popular culture embracing blackness as a signifier of difference to critically address the marginalization of blacks in the visual sphere, utilizing a wide range of styles. [19] His artworks are identity-based; specifically, he made black aesthetics visible and brought the black aesthetic into the fold of the grand narrative of art. In his own words, he uses blackness to amplify the difference as an oppositional force, both aesthetically and philosophically. One such "black" issue Marshall takes up is that of beauty. He stated that since most figures in advertising are white, he wanted to produce images of black bodies to "offset the impression that beauty is synonymous with whiteness" [8] "Black is beautiful" was one of the Black Arts movement's slogans to counter the prevailing view that blackness was inherently unattractive. Marshall directly appropriates the slogan in some of his works by utilizing language. [19] Along with "Black is beautiful", he wanted to create an epic narrative in his paintings in the "grand manner". [8] His focus was to create new works of art that were not a part of the western art-historical tradition.

Most of Marshall's painting engages allegory and symbolism. Most of his work's subject matter relates to the iniquities of colonial regimes. [20] Marshall is best known for his richly designed large acrylic paintings on unstretched canvas. His works combined rough-hewn realism with elements of collage, signage, with lively and highly patterned settings. His images often suggest populist banners. Viewers often will see ornate texts and figures looking directly into them. Some of his works often are under-represented black middle class and many employ pictorial strategies. His artworks are closely related to the Black Arts movement. Through exploring the theme of being black in America, Marshall's work also explores race in context with the "Civil Rights Movement, Black Power Movement, housing projects, black beauty, and the political and social invisibility of blacks". Marshall's work was heavily influenced by his upbringing in Alabama in the 1950s and LA in the 1960s. His works were always based on the experience of being black in America during these time periods.

Marshall created comic strips, such as Rhythm Mastr, a story of an African-American teenager who gained superpowers through African sculptures using drum patterns. Specifically, the powers are derived from the seven gods that make up the Yoruba pantheon. [15] Marshall chose this to address the differences in how African and Western mythologies, such as Greek and Norse, are represented. Whereas the latter remain culturally significant with a level of currency to them, Marshall believes that the former has been forgotten - being treated as "either dead or obsolete". [21] Marshall was concerned with the lack of African-American heroes kids could look up to while growing up. [21] He revisited the Comic 20 years after its debut at the 2018 Carnegie International. [22] When question about the presence of Marvel's Black Panther as a Black comic book hero, Marshall retorted with the fact that he was still created by white writers and therefore not representative of black culture. [23] Other comics included P-Van, which was inspired by some guys who would sit in a Van outside Marshall's studio and just "hang out", [23] and On the Stroll, which was based on neighborhood prostitutes with Marshall taking them out of that context and humanizing them. [23] He was one of the many African-American artists who tried to incorporate themes of race and being black into his works, hoping to diversify the art historical canon. [22] Some of his works, such as La Venus Negra and Voyager, combine African aesthetics with Western traditions, showing the struggle of African Americans to find their place in American society. Oftentimes Marshall's works were perceived to be full of emotion portraying what it was like being an Urban African American, displaying middle-class African-American homes and families. Other projects of Marshall's, namely The Garden Project and Souvenir, demonstrate the issues of race in America from the 1960s and 1970s and onward. The Garden Project also critiques the glorified names of housing projects that conceal desperate poverty, [24] while the Lost Boys series examines young black men "lost in the ghetto, lost in public housing, lost in joblessness, and lost in literacy." [25] Marshall's work is dynamic and consistently relevant, especially to the problem of finding an identity.

Marshall reflected, "Under Charles White’s influence I always knew that I wanted to make work that was about something: history, culture, politics, social issues. … It was just a matter of mastering the skills to actually do it."

Work

Portrait of the Artist as a Shadow of His Former Self (1980)

The painting Portrait of the Artist as a Shadow of His Former Self (1980) was a departure for Marshall, and was the first painting he made of a Black figure. [26] Prior to this work, Marshall was working in collage. [27] It is a small painting, made with egg tempera on paper. [28] It was created primarily in shades of black and depicts the bust of a black man with a large white smile and gapped teeth. [27] Since 2019, this painting lives in the collection at Los Angeles County Museum of Modern Art (LACMA). [27]

Voyager (1992)

Voyager (1992) at the National Gallery of Art in 2022 Voyager 1992 Kerry James Marshall.jpg
Voyager (1992) at the National Gallery of Art in 2022

Marshall based several of his pieces in the early 1990s on actual events in American history. One such painting,Voyager, [29] painted in 1992, has special pertinence in a discussion of race issues in the United States because Marshall based it on a "luxury schooner ... secretly outfitted to carry African slaves". [17] Symbols of this representation abound, from the two black figures in the boat and the flowers draped around the woman's neck to the contrast between the light and airy clouds and the darkness of the upper background. A skull lies in the water, just beneath the ship, hinting at the doomed future of the Africans, and the unknown woman has an expression of uneasiness. He thus brings to the forefront the irony of a ship with a beautiful, high-class appearance and a dark secret purpose, forcing people to think about something they would rather forget.

Black beauty, Untitled (La Venus Negra) (1992) and Untitled (Supermodel) (1994)

Untitled (Supermodel) (1994), Honolulu Museum of Art Untitled (Supermodel) by Kerry James Marshall, 1994, graphite, mixed media, collage HMA , 20 x 22 in,TCM.2008.29.JPG
Untitled (Supermodel) (1994), Honolulu Museum of Art

Marshall explored the concept of black beauty in contrast to Western ideals with his painting, Untitled (La Venus Negra) (1992). [17] The figure literally blends into her dark surroundings, her sensuous shape barely discernible. Yet once the viewer looks closely, her curvaceous figure evokes a womanly power only enhanced by the deep black of her skin. The painting Untitled (Supermodel) (1994), is in the collection of the Honolulu Museum of Art, this work portrays a black woman trying to look like blond Caucasian models. The work also references self-portraits of the artist, who adorns himself with pale lipstick and a long blond wig. [30]

As Marshall admits, he himself "had not considered that a black woman could be considered a goddess of love and beauty," but with this painting he proves its possibility. [17] He challenges the classic perception of a goddess as a white woman with long flowing hair, speaking again to the issue of African-American identity in the Western world. This concept has more meaning when looking at the African pattern on the top quarter of the background. With this addition, he references the movement begun during the Harlem Renaissance to incorporate traditional African aesthetics into African-American art. [31] In an attempt to reconcile the African art and Western ideals, Marshall places both in his painting. Thus he highlights the search for a black identity that involves all aspects of their ancestral history and their current situation. Although African Americans may feel connected to two differing cultures, Marshall's painting of a classically Western figure represented with a new black aesthetic brings the two together, showing that they can live in harmony.

The Lost Boys series (1993–1995)

One of his most famous series of works The Lost Boys (1993–1995) displays the lives of and issues many African Americans faced. The series of portraits was of young African-American boys from the shoulder up, with very dark skin tones, which contrasted with extreme whiteness of the subject's eyes which was common in Marshall's works. The portraits also featured almost completely white imagery, with white orbs, flowers, and areas in the background to create even more contrast. The artist explained that this series of portraits was to show these young boys loss of innocence at an early age and being a victim to ghettos and public housing. [11]

The Garden Project series

Vignette #2, 2008. Acrylic on Plexiglas displayed at Chicago Art Institute. Vignette -2, 2008, Kerry James Marshall.JPG
Vignette #2, 2008. Acrylic on Plexiglas displayed at Chicago Art Institute.

The Garden Project is an insightful series of paintings, both in its shrill outcry against the false promises and despairing reality of low-income public housing and in its capacity to show the incredible ability of African Americans to find happiness and build community despite these conditions. Through this series, Marshall reveals the inherent contradictions and profound juxtapositions between the idealized promises of Public Housing Projects and the often harsh, despairing reality of those living in them. But Marshall goes beyond merely exposing the discrepancy between this ideal and its corresponding reality, as his work alludes to the sense of community and hope that African Americans were able to create within the grinding conditions of low-income housing. Inspired by his former home, Nickerson Gardens, [15] Marshall's series "The Garden Project" makes an ironic play on the connotations inherent in the word "garden." The five paintings in the series depict different public housing projects – Rockwell Gardens, Wentworth Gardens, Stateway Gardens, etc. – exploring how the almost eden-like imagery used in the names is absurd in regards to these failed projects. Executed on unstretched canvas, these massive paintings appear mural-like. Their collaged elements and, at times, rough surface treatment signify the decrepitude of public housing projects and the difficulty of life within them.

Many Mansions (1994)

Marshall's Many Mansions, from 1994, exposes the contradiction between the name "Stateway Gardens", and the reality of life there. There is a deceitful cheerfulness permeating the piece, as the landscape is illustrated in full bloom. The exaggeratedly black figures are planting blossoming flowers, the trees are pristinely cut, and everything appears bountiful. But Marshall's black figures, as Michael Kimmelman notes in his New York Times piece, are "stiff and stylized: almost stereotypes". [32] They epitomize the impoverished black man living in public housing and unlike the landscape that surrounds them, they are not cheerful. One stares condemningly at the viewer, while the other two avert their gaze, all devoid of happiness. The buildings they live in appear as cardboard backdrops, calling attention to the falsity of the situation. Truth is not found in the beautiful utopianism of the scenery or flowers, but rather in the artificiality of the buildings and the stereotypical, damning images of the men who live in them.

Souvenir series

The Souvenir series chronicles the loss dealt to American society from the deaths of leaders in politics, literature, arts, and music. [33] Souvenir III, finished in 1998, centers on the angel that arbitrates the present with the past. She is an angel of annunciation and the caretaker of the living room's arrangements. [34] [33] However, in creating a new rhetoric of black people in America, he highlights their differences from conventional white power structures. There is a subtlety to the characters that compels the viewer to look deeper: these figures are directly in opposition to the abstraction black artists felt they had to incorporate in order to become mainstream artists. Marshall calls this incorporation of a strong aesthetic and political commentary a "visual authority" that commands the attention of society [25] Within Souvenir III, the names of prominent black historical figures and the years of their deaths are featured at the top of the mural-sized painting. [34] Thus, the theme of timelessness emerges: the viewer is in the present ruminating on the legacies of figures who are both civil rights champions and African-American artists. The paintings reinforce these symbols of remembrance with the phrases "We Mourn Our Loss" and "In Memory Of". Souvenir IV (1998), likewise set in a middle-class living room based on Marshall's family's living quarters, is realism with a touch of the intangible. Through the painting the viewer is traveling to the Civil Rights era and the painting itself is a postcard that also marks the journey. The entire scene echoes Egyptian rituals of supplying the dead in the afterlife with furnishings and food. [33] Souvenir III and IV are done in the grisaille style, an "old-master narrative painting" technique, while Souvenir I and II (1997) are done in color. [33] As one examines the backgrounds of the Souvenir series, the viewer realizes the lushness of the settings even within the monochromatic natures of III and IV. A Marshall hallmark is the stamping repeated through a painting, seen here as angel wings surrounding the black leaders, and floral backgrounds, seen here as glittered ornamentation. [25]

Public art by Marshall

In 2017, Marshall was commissioned by the non-profit, Murals of Acceptance to produce a public mural entitled, Rush More. Located on the west façade of the Chicago Cultural Center, the piece is an homage to women who have contributed to the culture of Chicago. [35] [36]

In 2018, two of Marshall's large-scale works came to public attention in a clash between public art, and commerce. In May, Past Times (1997) was sold by Chicago's Metropolitan Pier and Exposition Authority to Sean Combs for a $21 million funding windfall to the public agency, after hanging in McCormick Place for many years. Past Times had played an important role during its loan to the 2016 museum exhibition. In October, Chicago Mayor Rahm Emanuel announced plans to upgrade the Legler Branch of the Chicago Public Library on the West Side. The upgrade would be financed by the auction of the library's Knowledge and Wonder (1995). After criticism, including from Marshall, the Mayor cancelled the auction. [37] [38]

In 2021, Marshall was selected by Washington National Cathedral through its Racial Justice Windows Project to create two new stained glass windows. These replace earlier windows dating from 1953, which honored Confederate generals Robert E. Lee and Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson; the cathedral deconsecrated and removed those windows in 2017. Marshall's new windows, titled "Now and Forever", are the artist's first work in the medium of stained glass. They were revealed and dedicated publicly at the cathedral on September 23, 2023. [39]

Exhibitions

Marshall has staged several solo shows and exhibitions at museums and galleries in the United States and internationally. His solo shows include Kerry James Marshall, Telling Stories: Selected Paintings (1994-1995), originating at the Museum of Contemporary Art Cleveland; [40] Kerry James Marshall: Mementos (1998-2000), originating at the Renaissance Society, Chicago; [41] Along the Way (2005-2006), originating at Camden Arts Centre, London; [42] Kerry James Marshall: In the Tower (2013), National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.; [43] and Kerry James Marshall: Mastry (2016-2017), originating at the Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago. [44]

His work has also been exhibited in numerous group exhibitions, including documenta X (1997); [45] the 50th Venice Biennale (2003); [46] documenta 12 (2007); [47] and Afro-Atlantic Histories (2022). [48]

Notable works in public collections

Personal life

He is married to playwright, director, actress Cheryl Lynn Bruce. [36] They met while Bruce was working at the Studio Museum in Harlem and Marshall was beginning an art residency there. [92] In 1987, Marshall followed Bruce in moving to her hometown on Chicago's South Side, where they were married in 1989 at the South Side Community Art Center. [3] [93] His stepdaughter is United States Representative Sydney Kamlager-Dove.

Awards and honors

Filmography

Film

YearFilm titleRoleNotes
1991 Daughters of the Dust Production designer [97]

Television

YearTelevision showEpisodeTypeNotes
2001 Art:21 - Art In the Twenty First CenturyIdentity (Season 1)TelevisionPBS art documentary. [98] [99]

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References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Mason, Wyatt (October 17, 2016). "Kerry James Marshall Is Shifting the Color of Art History". The New York Times.
  2. ↑ "Kerry James Marshall: The World's 100 Most Influential People". Time. Retrieved September 23, 2020.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Worley, Sam (March 29, 2016). "This Modern Master Spent His Life Bringing Black Faces to Classic Art". Chicago magazine. Retrieved May 21, 2016.
  4. ↑ "MCA – Exhibitions: Kerry James Marshall: Mastry". mcachicago.org. Retrieved December 13, 2017.
  5. 1 2 Kennedy, Randy (9 September 2016). "Kerry James Marshall, Boldly Repainting Art History". The New York Times. ProQuest   1817935179.
  6. ↑ "Artist Info". www.nga.gov. Retrieved 2023-05-02.
  7. ↑ Raverty, Dennis (2010). "Marshall, Kerry James". Grove Music Online (8th ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.T2088486. ISBN   978-1-56159-263-0.
  8. 1 2 3 Haq et al. 2013, p. [ page needed ].
  9. ↑ Marshall, Kerry James (1994). Kerry James Marshall: Telling Stories : Selected Paintings. Cleveland Center for Contemporary Art.[ page needed ]
  10. 1 2 "Kerry James Marshall: Mastry, October 25, 2016–January 29, 2017". The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved October 17, 2020. He holds a BFA (1978) and honorary doctorate (1999) from the Otis College of Art and Design.
  11. 1 2 3 Whitehead, Jessie L. (2009). "Invisibility of Blackness: Visual Responses of Kerry James Marshall". Art Education. 62 (2): 33–39. doi:10.1080/00043125.2009.11519010. JSTOR   27696328. S2CID   190529086.
  12. ↑ "Kerry James Marshall, American, born 1955". National Gallery of Art. Retrieved October 17, 2020.
  13. ↑ "Kerry James Marshall Appointed to President's Committee on the Arts and Humanities". Artforum.com. November 20, 2013. Retrieved October 17, 2020.
  14. ↑ Skiba, Katherine (November 19, 2013). "Chicago Artist Picked for Presidential Panel". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved October 17, 2020.
  15. 1 2 3 Tani, Ellen (April 21, 2016). "How Kerry James Marshall Became a Superhero for Chicago's Housing Projects". Artsy. Retrieved April 13, 2021.
  16. ↑ Osborne, Catherine (July 1998). "Kerry James Marshall". Parachute: Contemporary Art Magazine. Archived from the original on September 11, 2016.
  17. 1 2 3 4 Sultan, Terrie. "This is the Way We Live." Kerry James Marshall. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 2000. ISBN   0810935279
  18. ↑ Reid, Calvin (Winter 1998). "Kerry James Marshall". Archived from the original on 26 May 2012.
  19. 1 2 "Kerry James Marshall". Tate Etc. No. 40. London. Summer 2017. p. 20. ProQuest   1903923969.
  20. ↑ Maclean, Mary (1 October 2018). "'Kerry James Marshall: Mastry', The Met Breuer, New York, 25 October 2016–29 January 2017". Journal of Contemporary Painting. 4 (2): 405–410. doi:10.1386/jcp.4.2.405_5. S2CID   240147993. Gale   A533005124.
  21. 1 2 ""Rythm Mastr"". Art21. Retrieved April 13, 2021.
  22. 1 2 Valentine, Victoria L. (April 16, 2018). "Two Decades After it Debuted, Kerry James Marshall is Revisiting His Rythm Mastr Comic Series at 2018 Carnegie International". Culture Type. Retrieved April 13, 2021.
  23. 1 2 3 "Kerry James Marshall created comic strip with black characters to show 'it can be done'". Document Journal. October 15, 2018. Retrieved April 13, 2021.
  24. ↑ "Kerry James Marshall Biography". Chicago, 2001. ArtMakers. The History Makers. November 16, 2009.
  25. 1 2 3 Rowell, Charles H., and Kerry James Marshall, "An Interview with Kerry James Marshall" Archived May 8, 2016, at the Wayback Machine , Callaloo 21.1 (1998): 263–72.
  26. ↑ "10 Surprising Facts about Artist Kerry James Marshall". SAMBlog. April 25, 2018. Retrieved October 17, 2020.
  27. 1 2 3 "LACMA Gifted Kerry James Marshall's Portrait of the Artist as a Shadow of His Former Self". Artforum.com. February 18, 2019. Retrieved October 17, 2020.
  28. ↑ "LACMA acquires Kerry James Marshall's haunting, potent portrait of a 'Shadow of His Former Self'". Los Angeles Times. February 15, 2019. Retrieved October 17, 2020.
  29. ↑ "Voyager, Kerry James Marshall". Corcoran. 2018.
  30. ↑ Knight, Christopher (2017-03-20). "Kerry James Marshall's paintings insist on black self-representation". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved October 17, 2020.
  31. ↑ Crouther, Betty J. "The Black Artist and His Image in America 65 Years Ago. (Essay)". Southeastern College Art Conference Review 15.2 (2007): 163+.
  32. ↑ Kimmelman, Michael (29 September 1995). "Art in Review". The New York Times.
  33. 1 2 3 4 "Souvenir IV". Loss & Desire: Kerry James Marshall. Ed. Art:21. November 17, 2009.
  34. 1 2 Kerry James Marshall, Staff of the Renaissance Society at the University of Chicago, Richard Powell, Cheryl Harris, Susanne Ghez. Kerry James Marshall: Mementos. Chicago: The Renaissance Society at the University of Chicago, 2000.[ page needed ]
  35. ↑ Johnson, Steve (3 December 2017). "Giant mural by Kerry James Marshall honors Chicago women of culture". chicagotribune.com. Retrieved April 18, 2019.
  36. 1 2 Janssen, Kim (October 2, 2017). "Cheryl Lynn Bruce's name misspelled — on her husband's mural". chicagotribune.com. Retrieved October 17, 2020.
  37. ↑ Johnson, Steve. "Chicago reverses course on planned auction of Kerry James Marshall painting". chicagotribune.com. Retrieved November 7, 2018.
  38. ↑ Deb, Sopan (November 5, 2018). "Chicago Pulls Kerry James Marshall Painting From Auction Following Criticism". The New York Times. Retrieved November 7, 2018.
  39. ↑ Iati, Marisa. "For $18.65, famous artist designs racial justice windows for National Cathedral". Washington Post. Retrieved 25 September 2023.
  40. ↑ "Kerry James Marshall: Telling Stories". SI. Smithsonian Institution . Retrieved 2 May 2023.
  41. ↑ "Kerry James Marshall: Mementos". Renaissance Society . Retrieved 2 May 2023.
  42. ↑ "Kerry James Marshall: Along the Way". Camden Arts Centre . Retrieved 2 May 2023.
  43. ↑ "In the Tower: Kerry James Marshall". NGA. National Gallery of Art. Archived from the original on 6 December 2022. Retrieved 2 May 2023.
  44. ↑ "Kerry James Marshall: Mastry". MCAChicago. Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago . Retrieved 2 May 2023.
  45. ↑ "Documenta X". Documenta . Retrieved 4 May 2023.
  46. ↑ Rondeau, James (10 September 2003). "50th Venice Biennale". frieze (77). Retrieved 4 May 2023.
  47. ↑ "documenta 12". Documenta . Retrieved 4 May 2023.
  48. ↑ Quinn, Chase (15 June 2022). "'Afro-Atlantic Histories' Quietly Rebuts Representations of the Black Experience". Frieze (229). Retrieved 4 May 2023.
  49. ↑ "Silence is Golden". Studio Museum. Studio Museum in Harlem. 10 December 2018. Archived from the original on 26 July 2021. Retrieved 17 August 2022.
  50. 1 2 3 "Kerry James Marshall". Glenstone . Archived from the original on 20 April 2022. Retrieved 16 August 2022.
  51. ↑ "Voyager". NGA. National Gallery of Art. 1992. Archived from the original on 23 May 2022. Retrieved 16 August 2022.
  52. ↑ "De Style". LACMA. Los Angeles County Museum of Art. Archived from the original on 16 August 2022. Retrieved 16 August 2022.
  53. ↑ "The Lost Boys (A.K.A. Untitled)". SAM. Seattle Art Museum. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 17 August 2022.
  54. ↑ "Better Homes, Better Gardens". Denver Art Museum . Archived from the original on 21 September 2021. Retrieved 17 August 2022.
  55. ↑ "Great Americans". NGA. National Gallery of Art. 1994. Archived from the original on 5 November 2021. Retrieved 16 August 2022.
  56. ↑ "Many Mansions". AIC. 1994. Retrieved 23 May 2022.
  57. ↑ "Supermodel". MFA. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 17 August 2022.
  58. ↑ "Our Town". Crystal Bridges. Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art. Archived from the original on 16 April 2022. Retrieved 17 August 2022.
  59. ↑ "Watts 1963". SLAM. Saint Louis Art Museum. Archived from the original on 17 January 2021. Retrieved 17 August 2022.
  60. ↑ "Souvenir II". Addison Gallery. Phillips Academy Andover. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 17 August 2022.
  61. ↑ "Souvenir III". SFMoMA. San Francisco Museum of Modern Art. Archived from the original on 16 August 2022. Retrieved 16 August 2022.
  62. ↑ "Souvenir IV". Whitney. Whitney Museum. Archived from the original on 16 August 2022. Retrieved 16 August 2022.
  63. ↑ "Kerry James Marshall". Rubell Museum . Archived from the original on 4 August 2022. Retrieved 16 August 2022.
  64. ↑ "Heirlooms & Accessories". Studio Museum. Studio Museum in Harlem. 31 August 2017. Archived from the original on 26 July 2021. Retrieved 16 August 2022.
  65. ↑ "7am Sunday Morning". MCAChicago. Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago. Archived from the original on 23 September 2021. Retrieved 17 August 2022.
  66. ↑ "Africa Restores (Cheryl as Cleopatra)". AIC. Retrieved 23 May 2022.
  67. ↑ "Diptych Color Blind Test". Denver Art Museum . Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 17 August 2022.
  68. ↑ "Gulf Stream". Walker Art. Walker Art Center. Archived from the original on 15 January 2022. Retrieved 17 August 2022.
  69. ↑ "SOB, SOB". SI. Smithsonian Institution. Archived from the original on 16 August 2022. Retrieved 16 August 2022.
  70. ↑ "Untitled". Harvard Art Museums’ collections. Retrieved October 17, 2020.
  71. ↑ "Bride of Frankenstein". FAMSF. Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 17 August 2022.
  72. ↑ "Bride of Frankenstein". LACMA. Los Angeles County Museum of Art. Archived from the original on 16 August 2022. Retrieved 16 August 2022.
  73. ↑ "Untitled (Bride of Frankenstein)". MoMA. Museum of Modern Art. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 17 August 2022.
  74. ↑ "Bride of Frankenstein". PAFA. Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts. 6 December 2019. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 17 August 2022.
  75. ↑ "Frankenstein". FAMSF. Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 17 August 2022.
  76. ↑ "Frankenstein". LACMA. Los Angeles County Museum of Art. Archived from the original on 16 August 2022. Retrieved 16 August 2022.
  77. ↑ "Untitled (Frankenstein)". MoMA. Museum of Modern Art. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 17 August 2022.
  78. ↑ "Frankenstein". PAFA. Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts. 6 December 2019. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 17 August 2022.
  79. ↑ "artist:"Kerry James Marshall"". Collection, Minneapolis Institute of Art (MIA). Retrieved October 17, 2020.
  80. ↑ "Vignette (Wishing Well)". CMOA. Carnegie Museum of Art. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 17 August 2022.
  81. ↑ "Vignette (Wishing Well)". MFAH. Museum of Fine Arts, Houston. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 17 August 2022.
  82. ↑ "Vignette (Wishing Well)". PAFA. Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts. 5 February 2019. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 17 August 2022.
  83. ↑ "Vignette (Wishing Well)". Walker Art. Walker Art Center. Archived from the original on 3 August 2021. Retrieved 17 August 2022.
  84. ↑ "Untitled (Club Scene)". MoMA. Museum of Modern Art. Archived from the original on 18 September 2021. Retrieved 17 August 2022.
  85. ↑ "Untitled (Orange Pants)". The Broad . Archived from the original on 23 July 2021. Retrieved 16 August 2022.
  86. ↑ "Untitled (Studio)". The Met. Retrieved 23 May 2022.
  87. ↑ "Kerry James Marshall". MoMA. Museum of Modern Art. Archived from the original on 5 July 2022. Retrieved 17 August 2022.
  88. ↑ "Untitled (Gallery)". CMOA. Carnegie Museum of Art. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 17 August 2022.
  89. ↑ "Untitled". The Broad . Archived from the original on 23 October 2021. Retrieved 16 August 2022.
  90. ↑ "Untitled (London Bridge)". Tate . Archived from the original on 14 January 2022. Retrieved 17 August 2022.
  91. ↑ "Landmark portrait by artist Kerry James Marshall joins our collection". Fitzwilliam Museum . University of Cambridge. 21 October 2023. Archived from the original on 21 October 2023. Retrieved 21 October 2023.
  92. ↑ Harrison, Lauren R. (5 February 2010). "Getting to know Cheryl Lynn Bruce" . chicagotribune.com. Retrieved October 17, 2020. A few years later, Bruce was working at the Studio Museum in Harlem, where she met someone else who arrived in a Volkswagen: Marshall, who was to begin an art residency there.
  93. ↑ Tomkins, Calvin (July 30, 2021). "The Epic Style of Kerry James Marshall". New Yorker. Retrieved August 3, 2021.
  94. ↑ "Kerry James Marshall". MacArthur Foundation. Retrieved May 21, 2016.
  95. ↑ "Kerry James Marshall Mural at the Chicago Cultural Center". Chicago Cultural Center, City of Chicago. Retrieved December 12, 2017.
  96. ↑ "Kerry James Marshall | Artist | Royal Academy of Arts". Royal Academy of Arts. Archived from the original on 13 February 2023.
  97. ↑ "Kerry James Marshall: Mementos". Brooklyn Museum. Retrieved October 17, 2020. He was production designer on a feature film by Julie Dash, Daughters of the Dust, and recently presented Doppler Incident as part of the Artist in Action series staged by Brooklyn Academy of Music and performed at the Kitchen.
  98. ↑ "Watch — Art21". Art21. Retrieved August 5, 2017.
  99. ↑ "Kerry James Marshall in 'Identity'". Art21. September 28, 2001. Retrieved October 17, 2020.

[1]

Further reading

  1. ↑ "Kerry James Marshall - Artworks & Biography". David Zwirner. Retrieved 2023-12-02.
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